1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 4.9 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 10.0.1 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 GNU make 3.81 make --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 binutils 2.23 ld -v
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 36 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 37 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 38 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 39 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 40 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 41 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 42 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 43 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 44 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 45 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 46 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 47 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 48 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 49 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 50 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
55 udev 081 udevd 51 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 52 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 53 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 54 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 55 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 56 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 57 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 58 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 59
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 60 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 61
72 Kernel compilation 62 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 63 ******************
74 64
75 GCC 65 GCC
76 --- 66 ---
77 67
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 68 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 69 computer.
80 70
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) 71 Clang/LLVM (optional)
82 --------------------- 72 ---------------------
83 73
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 74 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 75 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 76 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde 77 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 78 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
89 79
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 80 Make
107 ---- 81 ----
108 82
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 83 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 84
117 Binutils 85 Binutils
118 -------- 86 --------
119 87
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 88 Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
121 89
122 pkg-config 90 pkg-config
123 ---------- 91 ----------
124 92
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 93 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 94 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 95 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
128 verified or documented. 96 verified or documented.
129 97
130 Flex 98 Flex
131 ---- 99 ----
132 100
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 101 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 102 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 103
136 104
137 Bison 105 Bison
138 ----- 106 -----
139 107
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 108 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 109 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 110
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 <<
153 Perl 111 Perl
154 ---- 112 ----
155 113
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 114 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 115 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 116
159 BC 117 BC
160 -- 118 --
161 119
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 120 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 121
164 122
165 OpenSSL 123 OpenSSL
166 ------- 124 -------
167 125
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 126 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 127 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 128
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 129 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 130 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 131 and higher.
174 132
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 133
202 System utilities 134 System utilities
203 **************** 135 ****************
204 136
205 Architectural changes 137 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 138 ---------------------
207 139
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 140 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 141 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 142
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 143 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 144
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 145 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 146 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 147 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 148 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 149 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 150 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 151 Sphinx.
220 152
221 Util-linux 153 Util-linux
222 ---------- 154 ----------
223 155
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 156 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 157 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 158 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 159 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 160
229 Ksymoops 161 Ksymoops
230 -------- 162 --------
231 163
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 164 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 165 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 166 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 167 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 168 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 169 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 170 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 171 with ksymoops.
240 172
241 Mkinitrd 173 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 174 --------
243 175
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 176 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 177 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 178
247 E2fsprogs 179 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 180 ---------
249 181
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 182 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 183 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 184
253 JFSutils 185 JFSutils
254 -------- 186 --------
255 187
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 188 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 189 The following utilities are available:
258 190
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 191 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 192 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 193
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 194 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 195
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 196 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 197
266 Reiserfsprogs 198 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 199 -------------
268 200
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 201 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 202 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 203 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 204 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 205
274 Xfsprogs 206 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 207 --------
276 208
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 209 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 210 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 211 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 212 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 213 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 214
283 PCMCIAutils 215 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 216 -----------
285 217
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 218 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 219 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 220 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 221 subsystem is used.
290 222
291 Quota-tools 223 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 224 -----------
293 225
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 226 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 227 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 228 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 229 from the table above.
298 230
299 Intel IA32 microcode 231 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 232 --------------------
301 233
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 234 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 235 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 236 udev you may need to::
305 237
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 238 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 239 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 240 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 241
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 242 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 243 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 244
313 udev 245 udev
314 ---- 246 ----
315 247
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 248 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 249 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 250 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 251 devices.
320 252
321 FUSE 253 FUSE
322 ---- 254 ----
323 255
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 256 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 257 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 258
327 Networking 259 Networking
328 ********** 260 **********
329 261
330 General changes 262 General changes
331 --------------- 263 ---------------
332 264
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 265 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 266 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 267
336 Packet Filter / NAT 268 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 269 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 270 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 271 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 272 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 273
342 PPP 274 PPP
343 --- 275 ---
344 276
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 277 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 278 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 279 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 280
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 281 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 282 which can be made by::
351 283
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 284 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 285
354 as root. 286 as root.
355 287
356 NFS-utils 288 NFS-utils
357 --------- 289 ---------
358 290
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 291 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 292 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 293 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 294 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 295 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 296
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 297 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 298 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 299 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 300 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 301
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 302 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 303 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 304 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 305 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 306 currently active clients.
375 307
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 308 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 309
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 310 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 311
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 312 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 313 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 314 that is possible.
383 315
384 mcelog 316 mcelog
385 ------ 317 ------
386 318
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 319 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 320 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 321 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 322
391 Kernel documentation 323 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 324 ********************
393 325
394 Sphinx 326 Sphinx
395 ------ 327 ------
396 328
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 329 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 330 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 331
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 <<
406 Getting updated software 332 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 333 ========================
408 334
409 Kernel compilation 335 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 336 ******************
411 337
412 gcc 338 gcc
413 --- 339 ---
414 340
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 341 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 342
417 Clang/LLVM 343 Clang/LLVM
418 ---------- 344 ----------
419 345
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 346 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
421 347
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 348 Make
433 ---- 349 ----
434 350
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 351 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 352
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 353 Binutils
443 -------- 354 --------
444 355
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 356 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 357
447 Flex 358 Flex
448 ---- 359 ----
449 360
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 361 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 362
452 Bison 363 Bison
453 ----- 364 -----
454 365
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 366 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 367
457 OpenSSL 368 OpenSSL
458 ------- 369 -------
459 370
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 371 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 372
462 System utilities 373 System utilities
463 **************** 374 ****************
464 375
465 Util-linux 376 Util-linux
466 ---------- 377 ----------
467 378
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 379 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 380
470 Kmod 381 Kmod
471 ---- 382 ----
472 383
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 384 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 385 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 386
476 Ksymoops 387 Ksymoops
477 -------- 388 --------
478 389
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 390 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 391
481 Mkinitrd 392 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 393 --------
483 394
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 395 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 396
486 E2fsprogs 397 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 398 ---------
488 399
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 400 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 401 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
491 402
492 JFSutils 403 JFSutils
493 -------- 404 --------
494 405
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 406 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 407
497 Reiserfsprogs 408 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 409 -------------
499 410
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 411 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
501 412
502 Xfsprogs 413 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 414 --------
504 415
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 416 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 417 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
507 418
508 Pcmciautils 419 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 420 -----------
510 421
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 422 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 423
513 Quota-tools 424 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 425 -----------
515 426
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 427 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 428
518 429
519 Intel P6 microcode 430 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 431 ------------------
521 432
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 433 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 434
524 udev 435 udev
525 ---- 436 ----
526 437
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 438 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 439
529 FUSE 440 FUSE
530 ---- 441 ----
531 442
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 443 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 444
534 mcelog 445 mcelog
535 ------ 446 ------
536 447
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 448 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 449
544 Networking 450 Networking
545 ********** 451 **********
546 452
547 PPP 453 PPP
548 --- 454 ---
549 455
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 456 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 457 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 458 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
553 459
554 NFS-utils 460 NFS-utils
555 --------- 461 ---------
556 462
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 463 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 464
560 Iptables 465 Iptables
561 -------- 466 --------
562 467
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 468 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
564 469
565 Ip-route2 470 Ip-route2
566 --------- 471 ---------
567 472
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 474
570 OProfile 475 OProfile
571 -------- 476 --------
572 477
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 478 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 479
>> 480 NFS-Utils
>> 481 ---------
>> 482
>> 483 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 484
575 Kernel documentation 485 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 486 ********************
577 487
578 Sphinx 488 Sphinx
579 ------ 489 ------
580 490
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 491 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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