1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.80 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.12 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
36 GNU make 4.0 make - !! 36 module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - <<
40 bison 2.0 bison <<
41 pahole 1.16 pahole <<
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod <<
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 37 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 38 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 39 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 40 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 41 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 42 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 43 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 44 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 45 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 46 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 47 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 48 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 49 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 50 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 51 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 52 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 53 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 54 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 55 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 56 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.2 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 57 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 58
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 59 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 60
72 Kernel compilation 61 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 62 ******************
74 63
75 GCC 64 GCC
76 --- 65 ---
77 66
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 67 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 68 computer.
80 69
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
82 --------------------- <<
83 <<
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
89 <<
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 70 Make
107 ---- 71 ----
108 72
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 73 You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 74
117 Binutils 75 Binutils
118 -------- 76 --------
119 77
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 78 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for
121 !! 79 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile
122 pkg-config !! 80 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
123 ---------- !! 81 release of binutils.
124 <<
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
128 verified or documented. <<
129 <<
130 Flex <<
131 ---- <<
132 <<
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l <<
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la <<
135 <<
136 <<
137 Bison <<
138 ----- <<
139 <<
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p <<
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late <<
142 <<
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 82
153 Perl 83 Perl
154 ---- 84 ----
155 85
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 86 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 87 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 88
159 BC 89 BC
160 -- 90 --
161 91
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 92 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 93
164 94
165 OpenSSL 95 OpenSSL
166 ------- 96 -------
167 97
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 98 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 99 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 100
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 101 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 102 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 103 and higher.
174 104
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 105
202 System utilities 106 System utilities
203 **************** 107 ****************
204 108
205 Architectural changes 109 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 110 ---------------------
207 111
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 112 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 113 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 114
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 115 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 116
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 117 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 118 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can !! 119 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr !! 120 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, !! 121 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form !! 122 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
219 Sphinx. !! 123 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
>> 124 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
220 125
221 Util-linux 126 Util-linux
222 ---------- 127 ----------
223 128
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 129 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 130 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 131 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 132 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 133
229 Ksymoops 134 Ksymoops
230 -------- 135 --------
231 136
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 137 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 138 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 139 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 140 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 141 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 142 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 143 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 144 with ksymoops.
240 145
>> 146 Module-Init-Tools
>> 147 -----------------
>> 148
>> 149 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
>> 150 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
>> 151
241 Mkinitrd 152 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 153 --------
243 154
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 155 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 156 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 157
247 E2fsprogs 158 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 159 ---------
249 160
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 161 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 162 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 163
253 JFSutils 164 JFSutils
254 -------- 165 --------
255 166
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 167 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 168 The following utilities are available:
258 169
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 170 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 171 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 172
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 173 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 174
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 175 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 176
266 Reiserfsprogs 177 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 178 -------------
268 179
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 180 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 181 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 182 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 183 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 184
274 Xfsprogs 185 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 186 --------
276 187
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 188 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 189 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 190 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 191 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 192 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 193
283 PCMCIAutils 194 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 195 -----------
285 196
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 197 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 198 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 199 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 200 subsystem is used.
290 201
291 Quota-tools 202 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 203 -----------
293 204
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 205 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 206 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 207 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 208 from the table above.
298 209
299 Intel IA32 microcode 210 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 211 --------------------
301 212
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 213 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 214 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 215 udev you may need to::
305 216
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 217 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 218 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 219 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 220
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 221 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 222 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 223
313 udev 224 udev
314 ---- 225 ----
315 226
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 227 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 228 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 229 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 230 devices.
320 231
321 FUSE 232 FUSE
322 ---- 233 ----
323 234
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 235 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 236 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 237
327 Networking 238 Networking
328 ********** 239 **********
329 240
330 General changes 241 General changes
331 --------------- 242 ---------------
332 243
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 244 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 245 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 246
336 Packet Filter / NAT 247 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 248 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 249 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 250 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 251 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 252
342 PPP 253 PPP
343 --- 254 ---
344 255
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 256 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 257 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 258 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 259
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 260 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 261 which can be made by::
351 262
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 263 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 264
354 as root. 265 as root.
355 266
>> 267 Isdn4k-utils
>> 268 ------------
>> 269
>> 270 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 271 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 272
356 NFS-utils 273 NFS-utils
357 --------- 274 ---------
358 275
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 276 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 277 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 278 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 279 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 280 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 281
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 282 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 283 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 284 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 285 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 286
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 287 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 288 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 289 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 290 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 291 currently active clients.
375 292
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 293 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 294
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 295 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 296
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 297 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 298 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 299 that is possible.
383 300
384 mcelog 301 mcelog
385 ------ 302 ------
386 303
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 304 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 305 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 306 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 307
391 Kernel documentation 308 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 309 ********************
393 310
394 Sphinx 311 Sphinx
395 ------ 312 ------
396 313
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 314 The ReST markups currently used by the Documentation/ files are meant to be
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. !! 315 built with ``Sphinx`` version 1.2 or upper. If you're desiring to build
>> 316 PDF outputs, it is recommended to use version 1.4.6.
>> 317
>> 318 .. note::
>> 319
>> 320 Please notice that, for PDF and LaTeX output, you'll also need ``XeLaTeX``
>> 321 version 3.14159265. Depending on the distribution, you may also need
>> 322 to install a series of ``texlive`` packages that provide the minimal
>> 323 set of functionalities required for ``XeLaTex`` to work.
399 324
400 rustdoc !! 325 Other tools
401 ------- !! 326 -----------
402 327
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat !! 328 In order to produce documentation from DocBook, you'll also need ``xmlto``.
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for !! 329 Please notice, however, that we're currently migrating all documents to use
>> 330 ``Sphinx``.
405 331
406 Getting updated software 332 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 333 ========================
408 334
409 Kernel compilation 335 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 336 ******************
411 337
412 gcc 338 gcc
413 --- 339 ---
414 340
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 341 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 342
417 Clang/LLVM <<
418 ---------- <<
419 <<
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
421 <<
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 343 Make
433 ---- 344 ----
434 345
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 346 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 347
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 348 Binutils
443 -------- 349 --------
444 350
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu !! 351 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 <<
447 Flex <<
448 ---- <<
449 <<
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> <<
451 <<
452 Bison <<
453 ----- <<
454 <<
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> <<
456 352
457 OpenSSL 353 OpenSSL
458 ------- 354 -------
459 355
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 356 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 357
462 System utilities 358 System utilities
463 **************** 359 ****************
464 360
465 Util-linux 361 Util-linux
466 ---------- 362 ----------
467 363
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util !! 364 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 <<
470 Kmod <<
471 ---- <<
472 <<
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern <<
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel <<
475 365
476 Ksymoops 366 Ksymoops
477 -------- 367 --------
478 368
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 369 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
>> 370
>> 371 Module-Init-Tools
>> 372 -----------------
>> 373
>> 374 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
480 375
481 Mkinitrd 376 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 377 --------
483 378
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 379 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 380
486 E2fsprogs 381 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 382 ---------
488 383
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 384 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
491 385
492 JFSutils 386 JFSutils
493 -------- 387 --------
494 388
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 389 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 390
497 Reiserfsprogs 391 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 392 -------------
499 393
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 394 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
501 395
502 Xfsprogs 396 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 397 --------
504 398
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 399 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
507 400
508 Pcmciautils 401 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 402 -----------
510 403
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 404 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 405
513 Quota-tools 406 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 407 -----------
515 408
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 409 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
>> 410
>> 411 DocBook Stylesheets
>> 412 -------------------
517 413
>> 414 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
>> 415
>> 416 XMLTO XSLT Frontend
>> 417 -------------------
>> 418
>> 419 - <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
518 420
519 Intel P6 microcode 421 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 422 ------------------
521 423
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 424 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 425
524 udev 426 udev
525 ---- 427 ----
526 428
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 429 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 430
529 FUSE 431 FUSE
530 ---- 432 ----
531 433
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases !! 434 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
533 435
534 mcelog 436 mcelog
535 ------ 437 ------
536 438
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 439 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 440
544 Networking 441 Networking
545 ********** 442 **********
546 443
547 PPP 444 PPP
548 --- 445 ---
549 446
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 447 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 448
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 449 Isdn4k-utils
>> 450 ------------
>> 451
>> 452 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
553 453
554 NFS-utils 454 NFS-utils
555 --------- 455 ---------
556 456
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 457 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 458
560 Iptables 459 Iptables
561 -------- 460 --------
562 461
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 462 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
564 463
565 Ip-route2 464 Ip-route2
566 --------- 465 ---------
567 466
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 467 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 468
570 OProfile 469 OProfile
571 -------- 470 --------
572 471
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 472 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 473
>> 474 NFS-Utils
>> 475 ---------
>> 476
>> 477 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 478
575 Kernel documentation 479 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 480 ********************
577 481
578 Sphinx 482 Sphinx
579 ------ 483 ------
580 484
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 485 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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