1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel !! 3 Minimal requerements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.80 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.12 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - <<
40 bison 2.0 bison <<
41 pahole 1.16 pahole <<
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 36 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 37 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 38 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 39 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 40 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 41 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 42 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 43 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 44 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 45 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 46 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 47 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 48 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 49 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 50 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 51 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 52 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 53 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 54 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 55 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 56 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.2 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 57 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 58
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 59 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 60
72 Kernel compilation 61 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 62 ******************
74 63
75 GCC 64 GCC
76 --- 65 ---
77 66
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 67 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 68 computer.
80 69
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
82 --------------------- <<
83 <<
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
89 <<
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 70 Make
107 ---- 71 ----
108 72
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 73 You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 74
117 Binutils 75 Binutils
118 -------- 76 --------
119 77
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 78 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for
121 !! 79 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile
122 pkg-config !! 80 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
123 ---------- !! 81 release of binutils.
124 <<
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
128 verified or documented. <<
129 <<
130 Flex <<
131 ---- <<
132 <<
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l <<
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la <<
135 <<
136 <<
137 Bison <<
138 ----- <<
139 <<
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p <<
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late <<
142 <<
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 82
153 Perl 83 Perl
154 ---- 84 ----
155 85
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 86 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 87 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 88
159 BC 89 BC
160 -- 90 --
161 91
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 92 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 93
164 94
165 OpenSSL 95 OpenSSL
166 ------- 96 -------
167 97
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 98 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 99 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 100
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 101 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 102 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 103 and higher.
174 104
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 105
202 System utilities 106 System utilities
203 **************** 107 ****************
204 108
205 Architectural changes 109 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 110 ---------------------
207 111
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 112 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 113 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 114
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 115 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 116
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 117 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 118 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can !! 119 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr !! 120 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, !! 121 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form !! 122 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
219 Sphinx. !! 123 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
>> 124 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
220 125
221 Util-linux 126 Util-linux
222 ---------- 127 ----------
223 128
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 129 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 130 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 131 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 132 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 133
229 Ksymoops 134 Ksymoops
230 -------- 135 --------
231 136
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 137 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 138 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 139 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 140 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 141 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 142 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 143 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 144 with ksymoops.
240 145
241 Mkinitrd 146 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 147 --------
243 148
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 149 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 150 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 151
247 E2fsprogs 152 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 153 ---------
249 154
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 155 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 156 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 157
253 JFSutils 158 JFSutils
254 -------- 159 --------
255 160
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 161 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 162 The following utilities are available:
258 163
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 164 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 165 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 166
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 167 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 168
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 169 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 170
266 Reiserfsprogs 171 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 172 -------------
268 173
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 174 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 175 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 176 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 177 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 178
274 Xfsprogs 179 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 180 --------
276 181
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 182 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 183 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 184 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 185 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 186 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 187
283 PCMCIAutils 188 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 189 -----------
285 190
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 191 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 192 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 193 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 194 subsystem is used.
290 195
291 Quota-tools 196 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 197 -----------
293 198
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 199 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 200 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 201 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 202 from the table above.
298 203
299 Intel IA32 microcode 204 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 205 --------------------
301 206
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 207 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 208 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 209 udev you may need to::
305 210
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 211 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 212 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 213 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 214
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 215 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 216 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 217
313 udev 218 udev
314 ---- 219 ----
315 220
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 221 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 222 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 223 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 224 devices.
320 225
321 FUSE 226 FUSE
322 ---- 227 ----
323 228
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 229 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 230 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 231
327 Networking 232 Networking
328 ********** 233 **********
329 234
330 General changes 235 General changes
331 --------------- 236 ---------------
332 237
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 238 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 239 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 240
336 Packet Filter / NAT 241 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 242 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 243 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 244 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 245 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 246
342 PPP 247 PPP
343 --- 248 ---
344 249
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 250 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 251 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 252 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 253
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 254 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 255 which can be made by::
351 256
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 257 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 258
354 as root. 259 as root.
355 260
>> 261 Isdn4k-utils
>> 262 ------------
>> 263
>> 264 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 265 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 266
356 NFS-utils 267 NFS-utils
357 --------- 268 ---------
358 269
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 270 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 271 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 272 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 273 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 274 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 275
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 276 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 277 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 278 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 279 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 280
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 281 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 282 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 283 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 284 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 285 currently active clients.
375 286
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 287 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 288
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 289 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 290
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 291 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 292 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 293 that is possible.
383 294
384 mcelog 295 mcelog
385 ------ 296 ------
386 297
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 298 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 299 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 300 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 301
391 Kernel documentation 302 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 303 ********************
393 304
394 Sphinx 305 Sphinx
395 ------ 306 ------
396 307
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 308 The ReST markups currently used by the Documentation/ files are meant to be
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. !! 309 built with ``Sphinx`` version 1.2 or upper. If you're desiring to build
>> 310 PDF outputs, it is recommended to use version 1.4.6.
>> 311
>> 312 .. note::
>> 313
>> 314 Please notice that, for PDF and LaTeX output, you'll also need ``XeLaTeX``
>> 315 version 3.14159265. Depending on the distribution, you may also need
>> 316 to install a series of ``texlive`` packages that provide the minimal
>> 317 set of functionalities required for ``XeLaTex`` to work.
399 318
400 rustdoc !! 319 Other tools
401 ------- !! 320 -----------
402 321
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat !! 322 In order to produce documentation from DocBook, you'll also need ``xmlto``.
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for !! 323 Please notice, however, that we're currently migrating all documents to use
>> 324 ``Sphinx``.
405 325
406 Getting updated software 326 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 327 ========================
408 328
409 Kernel compilation 329 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 330 ******************
411 331
412 gcc 332 gcc
413 --- 333 ---
414 334
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 335 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 336
417 Clang/LLVM <<
418 ---------- <<
419 <<
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
421 <<
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 337 Make
433 ---- 338 ----
434 339
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 340 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 341
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 342 Binutils
443 -------- 343 --------
444 344
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu !! 345 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 <<
447 Flex <<
448 ---- <<
449 <<
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> <<
451 <<
452 Bison <<
453 ----- <<
454 <<
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> <<
456 346
457 OpenSSL 347 OpenSSL
458 ------- 348 -------
459 349
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 350 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 351
462 System utilities 352 System utilities
463 **************** 353 ****************
464 354
465 Util-linux 355 Util-linux
466 ---------- 356 ----------
467 357
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util !! 358 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 359
470 Kmod 360 Kmod
471 ---- 361 ----
472 362
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 363 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 364 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 365
476 Ksymoops 366 Ksymoops
477 -------- 367 --------
478 368
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 369 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 370
481 Mkinitrd 371 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 372 --------
483 373
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 374 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 375
486 E2fsprogs 376 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 377 ---------
488 378
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 379 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
491 380
492 JFSutils 381 JFSutils
493 -------- 382 --------
494 383
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 384 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 385
497 Reiserfsprogs 386 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 387 -------------
499 388
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 389 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
501 390
502 Xfsprogs 391 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 392 --------
504 393
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 394 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
507 395
508 Pcmciautils 396 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 397 -----------
510 398
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 399 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 400
513 Quota-tools 401 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 402 -----------
515 403
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 404 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
>> 405
>> 406 DocBook Stylesheets
>> 407 -------------------
>> 408
>> 409 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
>> 410
>> 411 XMLTO XSLT Frontend
>> 412 -------------------
517 413
>> 414 - <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
518 415
519 Intel P6 microcode 416 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 417 ------------------
521 418
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 419 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 420
524 udev 421 udev
525 ---- 422 ----
526 423
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 424 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 425
529 FUSE 426 FUSE
530 ---- 427 ----
531 428
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases !! 429 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
533 430
534 mcelog 431 mcelog
535 ------ 432 ------
536 433
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 434 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 435
544 Networking 436 Networking
545 ********** 437 **********
546 438
547 PPP 439 PPP
548 --- 440 ---
549 441
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 442 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 443
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 444 Isdn4k-utils
>> 445 ------------
>> 446
>> 447 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
553 448
554 NFS-utils 449 NFS-utils
555 --------- 450 ---------
556 451
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 452 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 453
560 Iptables 454 Iptables
561 -------- 455 --------
562 456
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 457 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
564 458
565 Ip-route2 459 Ip-route2
566 --------- 460 ---------
567 461
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 462 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 463
570 OProfile 464 OProfile
571 -------- 465 --------
572 466
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 467 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 468
>> 469 NFS-Utils
>> 470 ---------
>> 471
>> 472 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 473
575 Kernel documentation 474 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 475 ********************
577 476
578 Sphinx 477 Sphinx
579 ------ 478 ------
580 479
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 480 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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