1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- 32 GNU C 5.1 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 11.0.0 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 GNU make 3.81 make --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 binutils 2.23 ld -v
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 36 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 37 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole 38 pahole 1.16 pahole --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount !! 39 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
43 kmod 13 depmod 40 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 41 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 42 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 43 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 44 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 45 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 46 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 47 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 48 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 49 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 50 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 51 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.7 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 60
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 62
72 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 64 ******************
74 65
75 GCC 66 GCC
76 --- 67 ---
77 68
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 70 computer.
80 71
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) 72 Clang/LLVM (optional)
82 --------------------- 73 ---------------------
83 74
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 75 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 76 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 77 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde 78 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 79 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
89 80
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 81 Make
107 ---- 82 ----
108 83
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 84 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 85
117 Binutils 86 Binutils
118 -------- 87 --------
119 88
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 89 Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
121 90
122 pkg-config 91 pkg-config
123 ---------- 92 ----------
124 93
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 94 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 95 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 96 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
128 verified or documented. 97 verified or documented.
129 98
130 Flex 99 Flex
131 ---- 100 ----
132 101
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 102 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 103 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 104
136 105
137 Bison 106 Bison
138 ----- 107 -----
139 108
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 109 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 110 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 111
143 pahole !! 112 pahole:
144 ------ !! 113 -------
145 114
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s 115 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in 116 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from kernel
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o 117 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 or later.
149 118
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr 119 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. 120 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/.
152 121
153 Perl 122 Perl
154 ---- 123 ----
155 124
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 125 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 126 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 127
159 BC 128 BC
160 -- 129 --
161 130
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 131 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 132
164 133
165 OpenSSL 134 OpenSSL
166 ------- 135 -------
167 136
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 137 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 138 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 139
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 140 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 141 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 142 and higher.
174 143
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 144
202 System utilities 145 System utilities
203 **************** 146 ****************
204 147
205 Architectural changes 148 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 149 ---------------------
207 150
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 151 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 152 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 153
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 154 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 155
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 156 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 157 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 158 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 159 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 160 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 161 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 162 Sphinx.
220 163
221 Util-linux 164 Util-linux
222 ---------- 165 ----------
223 166
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 167 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 168 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 169 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 170 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 171
229 Ksymoops 172 Ksymoops
230 -------- 173 --------
231 174
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 175 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 176 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 177 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 178 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 179 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 180 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 181 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 182 with ksymoops.
240 183
241 Mkinitrd 184 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 185 --------
243 186
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 187 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 188 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 189
247 E2fsprogs 190 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 191 ---------
249 192
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 193 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 194 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 195
253 JFSutils 196 JFSutils
254 -------- 197 --------
255 198
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 199 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 200 The following utilities are available:
258 201
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 202 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 203 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 204
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 205 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 206
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 207 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 208
266 Reiserfsprogs 209 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 210 -------------
268 211
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 212 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 213 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 214 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 215 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 216
274 Xfsprogs 217 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 218 --------
276 219
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 220 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 221 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 222 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 223 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 224 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 225
283 PCMCIAutils 226 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 227 -----------
285 228
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 229 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 230 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 231 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 232 subsystem is used.
290 233
291 Quota-tools 234 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 235 -----------
293 236
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 237 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 238 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 239 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 240 from the table above.
298 241
299 Intel IA32 microcode 242 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 243 --------------------
301 244
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 245 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 246 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 247 udev you may need to::
305 248
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 249 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 250 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 251 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 252
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 253 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 254 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 255
313 udev 256 udev
314 ---- 257 ----
315 258
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 259 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 260 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 261 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 262 devices.
320 263
321 FUSE 264 FUSE
322 ---- 265 ----
323 266
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 267 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 268 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 269
327 Networking 270 Networking
328 ********** 271 **********
329 272
330 General changes 273 General changes
331 --------------- 274 ---------------
332 275
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 276 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 277 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 278
336 Packet Filter / NAT 279 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 280 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 281 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 282 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 283 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 284
342 PPP 285 PPP
343 --- 286 ---
344 287
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 288 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 289 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 290 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 291
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 292 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 293 which can be made by::
351 294
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 295 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 296
354 as root. 297 as root.
355 298
356 NFS-utils 299 NFS-utils
357 --------- 300 ---------
358 301
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 302 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 303 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 304 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 305 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 306 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 307
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 308 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 309 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 310 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 311 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 312
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 313 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 314 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 315 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 316 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 317 currently active clients.
375 318
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 319 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 320
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 321 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 322
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 323 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 324 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 325 that is possible.
383 326
384 mcelog 327 mcelog
385 ------ 328 ------
386 329
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 330 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 331 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 332 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 333
391 Kernel documentation 334 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 335 ********************
393 336
394 Sphinx 337 Sphinx
395 ------ 338 ------
396 339
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 340 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 341 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 342
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 <<
406 Getting updated software 343 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 344 ========================
408 345
409 Kernel compilation 346 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 347 ******************
411 348
412 gcc 349 gcc
413 --- 350 ---
414 351
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 352 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 353
417 Clang/LLVM 354 Clang/LLVM
418 ---------- 355 ----------
419 356
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 357 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
421 358
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 359 Make
433 ---- 360 ----
434 361
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 362 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 363
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 364 Binutils
443 -------- 365 --------
444 366
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 367 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 368
447 Flex 369 Flex
448 ---- 370 ----
449 371
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 372 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 373
452 Bison 374 Bison
453 ----- 375 -----
454 376
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 377 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 378
457 OpenSSL 379 OpenSSL
458 ------- 380 -------
459 381
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 382 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 383
462 System utilities 384 System utilities
463 **************** 385 ****************
464 386
465 Util-linux 387 Util-linux
466 ---------- 388 ----------
467 389
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 390 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 391
470 Kmod 392 Kmod
471 ---- 393 ----
472 394
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 395 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 396 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 397
476 Ksymoops 398 Ksymoops
477 -------- 399 --------
478 400
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 401 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 402
481 Mkinitrd 403 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 404 --------
483 405
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 406 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 407
486 E2fsprogs 408 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 409 ---------
488 410
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 411 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 412 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
491 413
492 JFSutils 414 JFSutils
493 -------- 415 --------
494 416
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 417 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 418
497 Reiserfsprogs 419 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 420 -------------
499 421
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 422 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
501 423
502 Xfsprogs 424 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 425 --------
504 426
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 427 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 428 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
507 429
508 Pcmciautils 430 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 431 -----------
510 432
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 433 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 434
513 Quota-tools 435 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 436 -----------
515 437
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 438 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 439
518 440
519 Intel P6 microcode 441 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 442 ------------------
521 443
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 444 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 445
524 udev 446 udev
525 ---- 447 ----
526 448
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 449 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 450
529 FUSE 451 FUSE
530 ---- 452 ----
531 453
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 454 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 455
534 mcelog 456 mcelog
535 ------ 457 ------
536 458
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 459 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 460
544 Networking 461 Networking
545 ********** 462 **********
546 463
547 PPP 464 PPP
548 --- 465 ---
549 466
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 467 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 468 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 469 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
553 470
554 NFS-utils 471 NFS-utils
555 --------- 472 ---------
556 473
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 474 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 475
560 Iptables 476 Iptables
561 -------- 477 --------
562 478
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 479 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
564 480
565 Ip-route2 481 Ip-route2
566 --------- 482 ---------
567 483
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 484 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 485
570 OProfile 486 OProfile
571 -------- 487 --------
572 488
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 489 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 490
>> 491 NFS-Utils
>> 492 ---------
>> 493
>> 494 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 495
575 Kernel documentation 496 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 497 ********************
577 498
578 Sphinx 499 Sphinx
579 ------ 500 ------
580 501
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 502 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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