1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v 10 software necessary to run the current kernel version.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- 32 GNU C 5.1 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc 34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge 35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindgen --version
36 GNU make 4.0 make - !! 36 GNU make 3.82 make --version
37 bash 4.2 bash - 37 bash 4.2 bash --version
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v 38 binutils 2.25 ld -v
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 39 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 40 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole 41 pahole 1.16 pahole --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount 42 util-linux 2.10o mount --version
43 kmod 13 depmod 43 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 50 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 51 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 54 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
55 udev 081 udevd 55 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 56 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 58 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 60 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx 61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - 62 cpio any cpio --version
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- 63 GNU tar 1.28 tar --version
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags 64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags --version
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag 65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimage --version
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 66 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 67
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 68 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 69
72 Kernel compilation 70 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 71 ******************
74 72
75 GCC 73 GCC
76 --- 74 ---
77 75
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 76 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 77 computer.
80 78
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) 79 Clang/LLVM (optional)
82 --------------------- 80 ---------------------
83 81
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 82 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 83 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 84 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde 85 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 86 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
89 87
90 Rust (optional) 88 Rust (optional)
91 --------------- 89 ---------------
92 90
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi !! 91 A particular version of the Rust toolchain is required. Newer versions may or
>> 92 may not work because the kernel depends on some unstable Rust features, for
>> 93 the moment.
>> 94
>> 95 Each Rust toolchain comes with several "components", some of which are required
>> 96 (like ``rustc``) and some that are optional. The ``rust-src`` component (which
>> 97 is optional) needs to be installed to build the kernel. Other components are
>> 98 useful for developing.
94 99
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst 100 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst for instructions on how to
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support 101 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support. In particular, the ``Makefile``
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh 102 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check why the Rust toolchain may not
98 be detected. 103 be detected.
99 104
100 bindgen (optional) 105 bindgen (optional)
101 ------------------ 106 ------------------
102 107
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi 108 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindings to the C side of the kernel.
104 It depends on ``libclang``. 109 It depends on ``libclang``.
105 110
106 Make 111 Make
107 ---- 112 ----
108 113
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 114 You will need GNU make 3.82 or later to build the kernel.
110 115
111 Bash 116 Bash
112 ---- 117 ----
113 118
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil 119 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel build.
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. 120 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed.
116 121
117 Binutils 122 Binutils
118 -------- 123 --------
119 124
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the 125 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
121 126
122 pkg-config 127 pkg-config
123 ---------- 128 ----------
124 129
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 130 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 131 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 132 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
128 verified or documented. 133 verified or documented.
129 134
130 Flex 135 Flex
131 ---- 136 ----
132 137
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 138 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 139 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 140
136 141
137 Bison 142 Bison
138 ----- 143 -----
139 144
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 145 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 146 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 147
143 pahole 148 pahole
144 ------ 149 ------
145 150
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s 151 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in 152 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from kernel
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o 153 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 or later.
149 154
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr 155 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. 156 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/.
152 157
153 Perl 158 Perl
154 ---- 159 ----
155 160
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 161 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 162 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 163
159 BC 164 BC
160 -- 165 --
161 166
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 167 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 168
164 169
165 OpenSSL 170 OpenSSL
166 ------- 171 -------
167 172
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 173 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 174 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 175
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 176 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 177 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 178 and higher.
174 179
175 Tar 180 Tar
176 --- 181 ---
177 182
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access 183 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access to the kernel headers via sysfs
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). 184 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS).
180 185
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) 186 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional)
182 ----------------------------- 187 -----------------------------
183 188
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 189 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6.6.5 or later to generate
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due 190 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due to its use of the gtags
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. 191 ``-C (--directory)`` flag.
187 192
188 mkimage 193 mkimage
189 ------- 194 -------
190 195
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T 196 This tool is used when building a Flat Image Tree (FIT), commonly used on ARM
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b 197 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-boot-tools`` package or can be
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins 198 built from the U-Boot source code. See the instructions at
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. 199 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools.html#building-tools-for-linux
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 200
202 System utilities 201 System utilities
203 **************** 202 ****************
204 203
205 Architectural changes 204 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 205 ---------------------
207 206
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 207 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 208 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 209
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 210 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 211
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 212 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 213 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 214 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 215 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 216 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 217 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 218 Sphinx.
220 219
221 Util-linux 220 Util-linux
222 ---------- 221 ----------
223 222
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 223 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 224 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. 225 types, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 226 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 227
229 Ksymoops 228 Ksymoops
230 -------- 229 --------
231 230
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 231 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 232 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 233 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 234 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 235 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 236 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 237 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 238 with ksymoops.
240 239
241 Mkinitrd 240 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 241 --------
243 242
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 243 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 244 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 245
247 E2fsprogs 246 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 247 ---------
249 248
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 249 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 250 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 251
253 JFSutils 252 JFSutils
254 -------- 253 --------
255 254
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 255 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 256 The following utilities are available:
258 257
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 258 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 259 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 260
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 261 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 262
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 263 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 264
266 Reiserfsprogs 265 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 266 -------------
268 267
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 268 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 269 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 270 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 271 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 272
274 Xfsprogs 273 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 274 --------
276 275
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 276 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 277 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 278 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 279 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 280 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 281
283 PCMCIAutils 282 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 283 -----------
285 284
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 285 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 286 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 287 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 288 subsystem is used.
290 289
291 Quota-tools 290 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 291 -----------
293 292
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 293 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 294 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 295 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 296 from the table above.
298 297
299 Intel IA32 microcode 298 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 299 --------------------
301 300
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 301 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 302 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 303 udev you may need to::
305 304
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 305 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 306 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 307 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 308
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 309 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 310 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 311
313 udev 312 udev
314 ---- 313 ----
315 314
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 315 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 316 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 317 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 318 devices.
320 319
321 FUSE 320 FUSE
322 ---- 321 ----
323 322
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 323 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 324 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 325
327 Networking 326 Networking
328 ********** 327 **********
329 328
330 General changes 329 General changes
331 --------------- 330 ---------------
332 331
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 332 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 333 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 334
336 Packet Filter / NAT 335 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 336 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 337 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 338 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 339 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 340
342 PPP 341 PPP
343 --- 342 ---
344 343
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 344 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 345 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 346 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 347
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 348 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 349 which can be made by::
351 350
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 351 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 352
354 as root. 353 as root.
355 354
356 NFS-utils 355 NFS-utils
357 --------- 356 ---------
358 357
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 358 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 359 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 360 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 361 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 362 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 363
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 364 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 365 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 366 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 367 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 368
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 369 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 370 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 371 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 372 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 373 currently active clients.
375 374
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 375 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 376
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 377 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 378
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 379 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 380 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 381 that is possible.
383 382
384 mcelog 383 mcelog
385 ------ 384 ------
386 385
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 386 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 387 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 388 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 389
391 Kernel documentation 390 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 391 ********************
393 392
394 Sphinx 393 Sphinx
395 ------ 394 ------
396 395
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 396 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 397 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 398
400 rustdoc 399 rustdoc
401 ------- 400 -------
402 401
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat 402 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentation for Rust code. Please see
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for 403 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for more information.
405 404
406 Getting updated software 405 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 406 ========================
408 407
409 Kernel compilation 408 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 409 ******************
411 410
412 gcc 411 gcc
413 --- 412 ---
414 413
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 414 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 415
417 Clang/LLVM 416 Clang/LLVM
418 ---------- 417 ----------
419 418
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 419 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
421 420
422 Rust 421 Rust
423 ---- 422 ----
424 423
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. 424 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst.
426 425
427 bindgen 426 bindgen
428 ------- 427 -------
429 428
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. 429 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst.
431 430
432 Make 431 Make
433 ---- 432 ----
434 433
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 434 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 435
437 Bash 436 Bash
438 ---- 437 ----
439 438
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> 439 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/>
441 440
442 Binutils 441 Binutils
443 -------- 442 --------
444 443
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 444 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 445
447 Flex 446 Flex
448 ---- 447 ----
449 448
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 449 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 450
452 Bison 451 Bison
453 ----- 452 -----
454 453
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 454 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 455
457 OpenSSL 456 OpenSSL
458 ------- 457 -------
459 458
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 459 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 460
462 System utilities 461 System utilities
463 **************** 462 ****************
464 463
465 Util-linux 464 Util-linux
466 ---------- 465 ----------
467 466
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 467 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 468
470 Kmod 469 Kmod
471 ---- 470 ----
472 471
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 473 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 474
476 Ksymoops 475 Ksymoops
477 -------- 476 --------
478 477
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 478 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 479
481 Mkinitrd 480 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 481 --------
483 482
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 483 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 484
486 E2fsprogs 485 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 486 ---------
488 487
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 488 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 489 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
491 490
492 JFSutils 491 JFSutils
493 -------- 492 --------
494 493
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> 494 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 495
497 Reiserfsprogs 496 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 497 -------------
499 498
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 499 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
501 500
502 Xfsprogs 501 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 502 --------
504 503
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 504 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 505 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
507 506
508 Pcmciautils 507 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 508 -----------
510 509
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 510 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 511
513 Quota-tools 512 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 513 -----------
515 514
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota 515 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 516
518 517
519 Intel P6 microcode 518 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 519 ------------------
521 520
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 521 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 522
524 udev 523 udev
525 ---- 524 ----
526 525
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 526 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 527
529 FUSE 528 FUSE
530 ---- 529 ----
531 530
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 531 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 532
534 mcelog 533 mcelog
535 ------ 534 ------
536 535
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> 536 - <https://www.mcelog.org/>
538 537
539 cpio 538 cpio
540 ---- 539 ----
541 540
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> 541 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/>
543 542
544 Networking 543 Networking
545 ********** 544 **********
546 545
547 PPP 546 PPP
548 --- 547 ---
549 548
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 549 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 550 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 551 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
553 552
554 NFS-utils 553 NFS-utils
555 --------- 554 ---------
556 555
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p 556 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> 557 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
559 558
560 Iptables 559 Iptables
561 -------- 560 --------
562 561
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 562 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
564 563
565 Ip-route2 564 Ip-route2
566 --------- 565 ---------
567 566
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 567 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 568
570 OProfile 569 OProfile
571 -------- 570 --------
572 571
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> 572 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
574 573
575 Kernel documentation 574 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 575 ********************
577 576
578 Sphinx 577 Sphinx
579 ------ 578 ------
580 579
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 580 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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