1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v 10 software necessary to run the current kernel version.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- 32 GNU C 5.1 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 11.0.0 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 GNU make 3.81 make --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge <<
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - 35 bash 4.2 bash --version
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v !! 36 binutils 2.23 ld -v
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 37 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 38 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole 39 pahole 1.16 pahole --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount !! 40 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
43 kmod 13 depmod 41 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 42 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 43 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 44 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 45 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 46 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 47 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 48 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 49 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 50 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 51 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 52 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
55 udev 081 udevd 53 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 54 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 55 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 56 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 57 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 58 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 59 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.7 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - 60 cpio any cpio --version
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 61 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 62
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 63 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 64
72 Kernel compilation 65 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 66 ******************
74 67
75 GCC 68 GCC
76 --- 69 ---
77 70
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 71 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 72 computer.
80 73
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) 74 Clang/LLVM (optional)
82 --------------------- 75 ---------------------
83 76
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 77 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 78 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 79 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde 80 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 81 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
89 82
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 83 Make
107 ---- 84 ----
108 85
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 86 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 87
111 Bash 88 Bash
112 ---- 89 ----
113 90
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil 91 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel build.
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. 92 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed.
116 93
117 Binutils 94 Binutils
118 -------- 95 --------
119 96
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 97 Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
121 98
122 pkg-config 99 pkg-config
123 ---------- 100 ----------
124 101
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 102 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 103 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 104 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
128 verified or documented. 105 verified or documented.
129 106
130 Flex 107 Flex
131 ---- 108 ----
132 109
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 110 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 111 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 112
136 113
137 Bison 114 Bison
138 ----- 115 -----
139 116
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 117 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 118 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 119
143 pahole !! 120 pahole:
144 ------ !! 121 -------
145 122
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s 123 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in 124 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from kernel
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o 125 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 or later.
149 126
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr 127 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. 128 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/.
152 129
153 Perl 130 Perl
154 ---- 131 ----
155 132
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 133 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 134 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 135
159 BC 136 BC
160 -- 137 --
161 138
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 139 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 140
164 141
165 OpenSSL 142 OpenSSL
166 ------- 143 -------
167 144
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 145 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 146 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 147
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 148 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 149 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 150 and higher.
174 151
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 152
202 System utilities 153 System utilities
203 **************** 154 ****************
204 155
205 Architectural changes 156 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 157 ---------------------
207 158
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 159 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 160 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 161
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 162 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 163
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 164 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 165 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 166 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 167 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 168 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 169 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 170 Sphinx.
220 171
221 Util-linux 172 Util-linux
222 ---------- 173 ----------
223 174
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 175 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 176 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 177 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 178 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 179
229 Ksymoops 180 Ksymoops
230 -------- 181 --------
231 182
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 183 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 184 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 185 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 186 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 187 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 188 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 189 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 190 with ksymoops.
240 191
241 Mkinitrd 192 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 193 --------
243 194
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 195 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 196 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 197
247 E2fsprogs 198 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 199 ---------
249 200
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 201 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 202 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 203
253 JFSutils 204 JFSutils
254 -------- 205 --------
255 206
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 207 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 208 The following utilities are available:
258 209
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 210 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 211 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 212
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 213 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 214
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 215 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 216
266 Reiserfsprogs 217 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 218 -------------
268 219
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 220 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 221 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 222 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 223 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 224
274 Xfsprogs 225 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 226 --------
276 227
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 228 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 229 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 230 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 231 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 232 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 233
283 PCMCIAutils 234 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 235 -----------
285 236
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 237 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 238 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 239 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 240 subsystem is used.
290 241
291 Quota-tools 242 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 243 -----------
293 244
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 245 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 246 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 247 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 248 from the table above.
298 249
299 Intel IA32 microcode 250 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 251 --------------------
301 252
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 253 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 254 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 255 udev you may need to::
305 256
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 257 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 258 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 259 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 260
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 261 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 262 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 263
313 udev 264 udev
314 ---- 265 ----
315 266
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 267 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 268 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 269 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 270 devices.
320 271
321 FUSE 272 FUSE
322 ---- 273 ----
323 274
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 275 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 276 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 277
327 Networking 278 Networking
328 ********** 279 **********
329 280
330 General changes 281 General changes
331 --------------- 282 ---------------
332 283
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 284 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 285 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 286
336 Packet Filter / NAT 287 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 288 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 289 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 290 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 291 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 292
342 PPP 293 PPP
343 --- 294 ---
344 295
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 296 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 297 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 298 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 299
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 300 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 301 which can be made by::
351 302
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 303 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 304
354 as root. 305 as root.
355 306
356 NFS-utils 307 NFS-utils
357 --------- 308 ---------
358 309
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 310 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 311 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 312 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 313 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 314 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 315
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 316 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 317 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 318 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 319 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 320
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 321 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 322 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 323 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 324 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 325 currently active clients.
375 326
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 327 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 328
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 329 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 330
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 331 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 332 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 333 that is possible.
383 334
384 mcelog 335 mcelog
385 ------ 336 ------
386 337
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 338 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 339 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 340 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 341
391 Kernel documentation 342 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 343 ********************
393 344
394 Sphinx 345 Sphinx
395 ------ 346 ------
396 347
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 348 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 349 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 350
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 <<
406 Getting updated software 351 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 352 ========================
408 353
409 Kernel compilation 354 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 355 ******************
411 356
412 gcc 357 gcc
413 --- 358 ---
414 359
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 360 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 361
417 Clang/LLVM 362 Clang/LLVM
418 ---------- 363 ----------
419 364
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 365 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
421 366
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 367 Make
433 ---- 368 ----
434 369
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 370 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 371
437 Bash 372 Bash
438 ---- 373 ----
439 374
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> 375 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/>
441 376
442 Binutils 377 Binutils
443 -------- 378 --------
444 379
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 380 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 381
447 Flex 382 Flex
448 ---- 383 ----
449 384
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 385 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 386
452 Bison 387 Bison
453 ----- 388 -----
454 389
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 390 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 391
457 OpenSSL 392 OpenSSL
458 ------- 393 -------
459 394
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 395 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 396
462 System utilities 397 System utilities
463 **************** 398 ****************
464 399
465 Util-linux 400 Util-linux
466 ---------- 401 ----------
467 402
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 403 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 404
470 Kmod 405 Kmod
471 ---- 406 ----
472 407
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 408 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 409 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 410
476 Ksymoops 411 Ksymoops
477 -------- 412 --------
478 413
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 414 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 415
481 Mkinitrd 416 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 417 --------
483 418
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 419 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 420
486 E2fsprogs 421 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 422 ---------
488 423
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 424 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 425 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
491 426
492 JFSutils 427 JFSutils
493 -------- 428 --------
494 429
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 430 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 431
497 Reiserfsprogs 432 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 433 -------------
499 434
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 435 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
501 436
502 Xfsprogs 437 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 438 --------
504 439
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 440 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 441 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
507 442
508 Pcmciautils 443 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 444 -----------
510 445
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 446 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 447
513 Quota-tools 448 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 449 -----------
515 450
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 451 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 452
518 453
519 Intel P6 microcode 454 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 455 ------------------
521 456
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 457 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 458
524 udev 459 udev
525 ---- 460 ----
526 461
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 462 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 463
529 FUSE 464 FUSE
530 ---- 465 ----
531 466
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 467 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 468
534 mcelog 469 mcelog
535 ------ 470 ------
536 471
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 472 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 473
539 cpio 474 cpio
540 ---- 475 ----
541 476
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> 477 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/>
543 478
544 Networking 479 Networking
545 ********** 480 **********
546 481
547 PPP 482 PPP
548 --- 483 ---
549 484
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 485 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 486 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 487 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
553 488
554 NFS-utils 489 NFS-utils
555 --------- 490 ---------
556 491
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 492 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 493
560 Iptables 494 Iptables
561 -------- 495 --------
562 496
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 497 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
564 498
565 Ip-route2 499 Ip-route2
566 --------- 500 ---------
567 501
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 502 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 503
570 OProfile 504 OProfile
571 -------- 505 --------
572 506
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 507 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 508
>> 509 NFS-Utils
>> 510 ---------
>> 511
>> 512 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 513
575 Kernel documentation 514 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 515 ********************
577 516
578 Sphinx 517 Sphinx
579 ------ 518 ------
580 519
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 520 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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