1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.81 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.20 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
36 GNU make 4.0 make - !! 36 module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - <<
40 bison 2.0 bison <<
41 pahole 1.16 pahole <<
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod <<
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 37 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 38 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 39 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 40 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 41 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 42 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 43 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 44 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 45 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 46 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 47 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 48 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 49 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 50 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 51 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 52 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 53 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 54 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 55 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 56 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.2 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 57 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 58
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 59 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 60
72 Kernel compilation 61 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 62 ******************
74 63
75 GCC 64 GCC
76 --- 65 ---
77 66
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 67 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 68 computer.
80 69
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
82 --------------------- <<
83 <<
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
89 <<
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 70 Make
107 ---- 71 ----
108 72
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 73 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 74
117 Binutils 75 Binutils
118 -------- 76 --------
119 77
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 78 The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`)
121 !! 79 rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.o intermediate steps.
122 pkg-config !! 80 This requires binutils 2.20 or newer.
123 ---------- <<
124 <<
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
128 verified or documented. <<
129 <<
130 Flex <<
131 ---- <<
132 <<
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l <<
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la <<
135 <<
136 <<
137 Bison <<
138 ----- <<
139 <<
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p <<
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late <<
142 <<
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 81
153 Perl 82 Perl
154 ---- 83 ----
155 84
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 85 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 86 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 87
159 BC 88 BC
160 -- 89 --
161 90
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 91 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 92
164 93
165 OpenSSL 94 OpenSSL
166 ------- 95 -------
167 96
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 97 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 98 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 99
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 100 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 101 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 102 and higher.
174 103
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 104
202 System utilities 105 System utilities
203 **************** 106 ****************
204 107
205 Architectural changes 108 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 109 ---------------------
207 110
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 111 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 112 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 113
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 114 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 115
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 116 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 117 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 118 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 119 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 120 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 121 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 122 Sphinx.
220 123
221 Util-linux 124 Util-linux
222 ---------- 125 ----------
223 126
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 127 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 128 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 129 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 130 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 131
229 Ksymoops 132 Ksymoops
230 -------- 133 --------
231 134
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 135 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 136 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 137 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 138 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 139 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 140 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 141 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 142 with ksymoops.
240 143
>> 144 Module-Init-Tools
>> 145 -----------------
>> 146
>> 147 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
>> 148 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
>> 149
241 Mkinitrd 150 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 151 --------
243 152
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 153 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 154 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 155
247 E2fsprogs 156 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 157 ---------
249 158
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 159 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 160 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 161
253 JFSutils 162 JFSutils
254 -------- 163 --------
255 164
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 165 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 166 The following utilities are available:
258 167
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 168 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 169 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 170
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 171 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 172
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 173 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 174
266 Reiserfsprogs 175 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 176 -------------
268 177
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 178 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 179 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 180 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 181 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 182
274 Xfsprogs 183 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 184 --------
276 185
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 186 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 187 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 188 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 189 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 190 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 191
283 PCMCIAutils 192 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 193 -----------
285 194
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 195 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 196 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 197 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 198 subsystem is used.
290 199
291 Quota-tools 200 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 201 -----------
293 202
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 203 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 204 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 205 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 206 from the table above.
298 207
299 Intel IA32 microcode 208 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 209 --------------------
301 210
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 211 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 212 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 213 udev you may need to::
305 214
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 215 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 216 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 217 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 218
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 219 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 220 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 221
313 udev 222 udev
314 ---- 223 ----
315 224
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 225 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 226 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 227 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 228 devices.
320 229
321 FUSE 230 FUSE
322 ---- 231 ----
323 232
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 233 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 234 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 235
327 Networking 236 Networking
328 ********** 237 **********
329 238
330 General changes 239 General changes
331 --------------- 240 ---------------
332 241
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 242 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 243 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 244
336 Packet Filter / NAT 245 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 246 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 247 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 248 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 249 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 250
342 PPP 251 PPP
343 --- 252 ---
344 253
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 254 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 255 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 256 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 257
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 258 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 259 which can be made by::
351 260
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 261 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 262
354 as root. 263 as root.
355 264
>> 265 Isdn4k-utils
>> 266 ------------
>> 267
>> 268 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 269 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 270
356 NFS-utils 271 NFS-utils
357 --------- 272 ---------
358 273
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 274 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 275 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 276 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 277 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 278 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 279
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 280 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 281 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 282 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 283 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 284
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 285 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 286 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 287 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 288 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 289 currently active clients.
375 290
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 291 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 292
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 293 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 294
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 295 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 296 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 297 that is possible.
383 298
384 mcelog 299 mcelog
385 ------ 300 ------
386 301
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 302 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 303 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 304 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 305
391 Kernel documentation 306 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 307 ********************
393 308
394 Sphinx 309 Sphinx
395 ------ 310 ------
396 311
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 312 The ReST markups currently used by the Documentation/ files are meant to be
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. !! 313 built with ``Sphinx`` version 1.2 or upper. If you're desiring to build
>> 314 PDF outputs, it is recommended to use version 1.4.6.
>> 315
>> 316 .. note::
>> 317
>> 318 Please notice that, for PDF and LaTeX output, you'll also need ``XeLaTeX``
>> 319 version 3.14159265. Depending on the distribution, you may also need to
>> 320 install a series of ``texlive`` packages that provide the minimal set of
>> 321 functionalities required for ``XeLaTex`` to work. For PDF output you'll also
>> 322 need ``convert(1)`` from ImageMagick (https://www.imagemagick.org).
399 323
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 324
406 Getting updated software 325 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 326 ========================
408 327
409 Kernel compilation 328 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 329 ******************
411 330
412 gcc 331 gcc
413 --- 332 ---
414 333
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 334 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 335
417 Clang/LLVM <<
418 ---------- <<
419 <<
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
421 <<
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 336 Make
433 ---- 337 ----
434 338
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 339 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 340
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 341 Binutils
443 -------- 342 --------
444 343
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 344 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 345
447 Flex <<
448 ---- <<
449 <<
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> <<
451 <<
452 Bison <<
453 ----- <<
454 <<
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> <<
456 <<
457 OpenSSL 346 OpenSSL
458 ------- 347 -------
459 348
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 349 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 350
462 System utilities 351 System utilities
463 **************** 352 ****************
464 353
465 Util-linux 354 Util-linux
466 ---------- 355 ----------
467 356
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 357 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 358
470 Kmod <<
471 ---- <<
472 <<
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern <<
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel <<
475 <<
476 Ksymoops 359 Ksymoops
477 -------- 360 --------
478 361
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 362 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 363
>> 364 Module-Init-Tools
>> 365 -----------------
>> 366
>> 367 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/>
>> 368
481 Mkinitrd 369 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 370 --------
483 371
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 372 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 373
486 E2fsprogs 374 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 375 ---------
488 376
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 377 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
491 378
492 JFSutils 379 JFSutils
493 -------- 380 --------
494 381
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 382 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 383
497 Reiserfsprogs 384 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 385 -------------
499 386
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 387 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
501 388
502 Xfsprogs 389 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 390 --------
504 391
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 392 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
507 393
508 Pcmciautils 394 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 395 -----------
510 396
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 397 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 398
513 Quota-tools 399 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 400 -----------
515 401
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 402 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 403
518 404
519 Intel P6 microcode 405 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 406 ------------------
521 407
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 408 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 409
524 udev 410 udev
525 ---- 411 ----
526 412
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 413 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 414
529 FUSE 415 FUSE
530 ---- 416 ----
531 417
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases !! 418 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
533 419
534 mcelog 420 mcelog
535 ------ 421 ------
536 422
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 423 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 424
544 Networking 425 Networking
545 ********** 426 **********
546 427
547 PPP 428 PPP
548 --- 429 ---
549 430
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 431 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 432
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 433 Isdn4k-utils
>> 434 ------------
>> 435
>> 436 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
553 437
554 NFS-utils 438 NFS-utils
555 --------- 439 ---------
556 440
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 441 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 442
560 Iptables 443 Iptables
561 -------- 444 --------
562 445
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 446 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
564 447
565 Ip-route2 448 Ip-route2
566 --------- 449 ---------
567 450
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 451 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 452
570 OProfile 453 OProfile
571 -------- 454 --------
572 455
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 456 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 457
>> 458 NFS-Utils
>> 459 ---------
>> 460
>> 461 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 462
575 Kernel documentation 463 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 464 ********************
577 465
578 Sphinx 466 Sphinx
579 ------ 467 ------
580 468
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 469 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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