1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 4.9 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 10.0.1 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 GNU make 3.81 make --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 binutils 2.23 ld -v
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 36 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 37 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 38 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 39 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 40 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 41 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 42 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 43 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 44 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 45 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 46 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 47 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 48 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 49 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 50 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 51 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 60
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 62
72 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 64 ******************
74 65
75 GCC 66 GCC
76 --- 67 ---
77 68
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 70 computer.
80 71
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) 72 Clang/LLVM (optional)
82 --------------------- 73 ---------------------
83 74
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 75 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 76 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 77 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde 78 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 79 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
89 80
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 81 Make
107 ---- 82 ----
108 83
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 84 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 85
117 Binutils 86 Binutils
118 -------- 87 --------
119 88
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 89 Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
121 90
122 pkg-config 91 pkg-config
123 ---------- 92 ----------
124 93
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 94 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 95 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 96 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
128 verified or documented. 97 verified or documented.
129 98
130 Flex 99 Flex
131 ---- 100 ----
132 101
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 102 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 103 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 104
136 105
137 Bison 106 Bison
138 ----- 107 -----
139 108
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 109 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 110 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 111
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 <<
153 Perl 112 Perl
154 ---- 113 ----
155 114
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 115 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 116 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 117
159 BC 118 BC
160 -- 119 --
161 120
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 121 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 122
164 123
165 OpenSSL 124 OpenSSL
166 ------- 125 -------
167 126
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 127 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 128 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 129
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 130 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 131 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 132 and higher.
174 133
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 134
202 System utilities 135 System utilities
203 **************** 136 ****************
204 137
205 Architectural changes 138 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 139 ---------------------
207 140
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 141 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 142 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 143
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 144 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 145
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 146 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 147 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 148 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 149 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 150 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 151 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 152 Sphinx.
220 153
221 Util-linux 154 Util-linux
222 ---------- 155 ----------
223 156
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 157 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 158 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 159 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 160 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 161
229 Ksymoops 162 Ksymoops
230 -------- 163 --------
231 164
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 165 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 166 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 167 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 168 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 169 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 170 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 171 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 172 with ksymoops.
240 173
241 Mkinitrd 174 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 175 --------
243 176
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 177 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 178 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 179
247 E2fsprogs 180 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 181 ---------
249 182
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 183 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 184 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 185
253 JFSutils 186 JFSutils
254 -------- 187 --------
255 188
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 189 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 190 The following utilities are available:
258 191
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 192 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 193 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 194
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 195 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 196
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 197 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 198
266 Reiserfsprogs 199 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 200 -------------
268 201
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 202 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 203 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 204 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 205 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 206
274 Xfsprogs 207 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 208 --------
276 209
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 210 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 211 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 212 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 213 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 214 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 215
283 PCMCIAutils 216 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 217 -----------
285 218
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 219 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 220 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 221 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 222 subsystem is used.
290 223
291 Quota-tools 224 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 225 -----------
293 226
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 227 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 228 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 229 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 230 from the table above.
298 231
299 Intel IA32 microcode 232 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 233 --------------------
301 234
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 235 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 236 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 237 udev you may need to::
305 238
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 239 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 240 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 241 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 242
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 243 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 244 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 245
313 udev 246 udev
314 ---- 247 ----
315 248
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 249 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 250 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 251 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 252 devices.
320 253
321 FUSE 254 FUSE
322 ---- 255 ----
323 256
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 257 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 258 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 259
327 Networking 260 Networking
328 ********** 261 **********
329 262
330 General changes 263 General changes
331 --------------- 264 ---------------
332 265
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 266 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 267 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 268
336 Packet Filter / NAT 269 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 270 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 271 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 272 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 273 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 274
342 PPP 275 PPP
343 --- 276 ---
344 277
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 278 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 279 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 280 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 281
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 282 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 283 which can be made by::
351 284
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 285 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 286
354 as root. 287 as root.
355 288
356 NFS-utils 289 NFS-utils
357 --------- 290 ---------
358 291
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 292 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 293 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 294 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 295 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 296 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 297
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 298 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 299 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 300 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 301 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 302
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 303 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 304 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 305 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 306 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 307 currently active clients.
375 308
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 309 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 310
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 311 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 312
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 313 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 314 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 315 that is possible.
383 316
384 mcelog 317 mcelog
385 ------ 318 ------
386 319
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 320 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 321 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 322 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 323
391 Kernel documentation 324 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 325 ********************
393 326
394 Sphinx 327 Sphinx
395 ------ 328 ------
396 329
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 330 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 331 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 332
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 <<
406 Getting updated software 333 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 334 ========================
408 335
409 Kernel compilation 336 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 337 ******************
411 338
412 gcc 339 gcc
413 --- 340 ---
414 341
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 342 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 343
417 Clang/LLVM 344 Clang/LLVM
418 ---------- 345 ----------
419 346
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 347 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
421 348
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 349 Make
433 ---- 350 ----
434 351
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 352 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 353
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 354 Binutils
443 -------- 355 --------
444 356
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 357 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 358
447 Flex 359 Flex
448 ---- 360 ----
449 361
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 362 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 363
452 Bison 364 Bison
453 ----- 365 -----
454 366
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 367 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 368
457 OpenSSL 369 OpenSSL
458 ------- 370 -------
459 371
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 372 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 373
462 System utilities 374 System utilities
463 **************** 375 ****************
464 376
465 Util-linux 377 Util-linux
466 ---------- 378 ----------
467 379
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 380 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 381
470 Kmod 382 Kmod
471 ---- 383 ----
472 384
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 385 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 386 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 387
476 Ksymoops 388 Ksymoops
477 -------- 389 --------
478 390
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 391 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 392
481 Mkinitrd 393 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 394 --------
483 395
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 396 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 397
486 E2fsprogs 398 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 399 ---------
488 400
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 401 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 402 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
491 403
492 JFSutils 404 JFSutils
493 -------- 405 --------
494 406
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 407 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 408
497 Reiserfsprogs 409 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 410 -------------
499 411
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 412 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
501 413
502 Xfsprogs 414 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 415 --------
504 416
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 417 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 418 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
507 419
508 Pcmciautils 420 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 421 -----------
510 422
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 423 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 424
513 Quota-tools 425 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 426 -----------
515 427
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 428 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 429
518 430
519 Intel P6 microcode 431 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 432 ------------------
521 433
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 434 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 435
524 udev 436 udev
525 ---- 437 ----
526 438
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 439 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 440
529 FUSE 441 FUSE
530 ---- 442 ----
531 443
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 444 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 445
534 mcelog 446 mcelog
535 ------ 447 ------
536 448
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 449 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 450
544 Networking 451 Networking
545 ********** 452 **********
546 453
547 PPP 454 PPP
548 --- 455 ---
549 456
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 457 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 458 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 459 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
553 460
554 NFS-utils 461 NFS-utils
555 --------- 462 ---------
556 463
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 464 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 465
560 Iptables 466 Iptables
561 -------- 467 --------
562 468
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 469 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
564 470
565 Ip-route2 471 Ip-route2
566 --------- 472 ---------
567 473
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 474 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 475
570 OProfile 476 OProfile
571 -------- 477 --------
572 478
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 479 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 480
>> 481 NFS-Utils
>> 482 ---------
>> 483
>> 484 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 485
575 Kernel documentation 486 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 487 ********************
577 488
578 Sphinx 489 Sphinx
579 ------ 490 ------
580 491
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 492 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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