1 .. _changes: <<
2 <<
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel <<
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ <<
5 <<
6 Intro 1 Intro
7 ===== 2 =====
8 3
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 5 software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
11 6
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 7 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 8 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 9 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 10 'net).
16 11
17 Current Minimal Requirements 12 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** !! 13 ============================
19 14
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio !! 15 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 16 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 17 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 18
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 19 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 20 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 21 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 22 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 23
29 ====================== =============== ====== !! 24 o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
30 Program Minimal version C !! 25 o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
31 ====================== =============== ====== !! 26 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 27 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 28 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 29 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 30 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
36 GNU make 4.0 make - !! 31 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
37 bash 4.2 bash - !! 32 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v !! 33 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - !! 34 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
40 bison 2.0 bison !! 35 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 36 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
42 util-linux 2.10o mount !! 37 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
43 kmod 13 depmod !! 38 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck !! 39 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j !! 40 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser !! 41 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db !! 42 o udev 081 # udevd --version
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua !! 43 o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc !! 44 o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard !! 45 o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota <<
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - <<
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo <<
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v <<
55 udev 081 udevd <<
56 grub 0.93 grub - <<
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog <<
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl <<
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss <<
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v <<
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx <<
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== <<
69 46
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke <<
71 47
72 Kernel compilation 48 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** !! 49 ==================
74 50
75 GCC 51 GCC
76 --- 52 ---
77 53
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 54 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 55 computer.
80 56
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
82 --------------------- <<
83 <<
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
89 <<
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 57 Make
107 ---- 58 ----
108 59
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 60 You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 61
117 Binutils 62 Binutils
118 -------- 63 --------
119 64
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 65 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
121 !! 66 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
122 pkg-config !! 67 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
123 ---------- !! 68 release of binutils.
124 <<
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
128 verified or documented. <<
129 <<
130 Flex <<
131 ---- <<
132 <<
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l <<
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la <<
135 <<
136 <<
137 Bison <<
138 ----- <<
139 <<
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p <<
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late <<
142 <<
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 69
153 Perl 70 Perl
154 ---- 71 ----
155 72
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules !! 73 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil !! 74 File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
158 75
159 BC <<
160 -- <<
161 <<
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig <<
163 <<
164 <<
165 OpenSSL <<
166 ------- <<
167 <<
168 Module signing and external certificate handli <<
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur <<
170 <<
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and <<
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme <<
173 and higher. <<
174 <<
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 76
202 System utilities 77 System utilities
203 **************** !! 78 ================
204 79
205 Architectural changes 80 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 81 ---------------------
207 82
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 83 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 84 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 85
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 86 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 87
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 88 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 89 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can !! 90 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr !! 91 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, !! 92 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form !! 93 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
219 Sphinx. !! 94 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
>> 95 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
220 96
221 Util-linux 97 Util-linux
222 ---------- 98 ----------
223 99
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s !! 100 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 101 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 102 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 103 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 104
229 Ksymoops 105 Ksymoops
230 -------- 106 --------
231 107
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 108 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 109 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel !! 110 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 111 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 112 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you !! 113 is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 114 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 115 with ksymoops.
240 116
>> 117 Module-Init-Tools
>> 118 -----------------
>> 119
>> 120 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
>> 121 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
>> 122
241 Mkinitrd 123 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 124 --------
243 125
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre !! 126 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 127 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 128
247 E2fsprogs 129 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 130 ---------
249 131
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve !! 132 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 133 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 134
253 JFSutils 135 JFSutils
254 -------- 136 --------
255 137
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie !! 138 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 139 The following utilities are available:
258 !! 140 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa <<
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 141 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 !! 142 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit !! 143 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
263 <<
264 - other file system utilities are also availab <<
265 144
266 Reiserfsprogs 145 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 146 -------------
268 147
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 148 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 149 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` !! 150 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 !! 151 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 152
274 Xfsprogs 153 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 154 --------
276 155
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` !! 156 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th !! 157 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 158 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 159 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 160 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 161
283 PCMCIAutils 162 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 163 -----------
285 164
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl !! 165 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 166 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 167 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 168 subsystem is used.
290 169
>> 170 Pcmcia-cs
>> 171 ---------
>> 172
>> 173 PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
>> 174 kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
>> 175 for newest kernels.
>> 176
291 Quota-tools 177 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 178 -----------
293 179
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 180 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 181 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 182 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 183 from the table above.
298 184
299 Intel IA32 microcode 185 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 186 --------------------
301 187
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 188 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 189 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: !! 190 udev you may need to:
305 191
306 mkdir /dev/cpu !! 192 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 !! 193 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode !! 194 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 195
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 196 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 197 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 198
>> 199 Powertweak
>> 200 ----------
>> 201
>> 202 If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
>> 203 version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
>> 204 with programs using shared memory.
>> 205
313 udev 206 udev
314 ---- 207 ----
315 !! 208 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula !! 209 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u <<
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 210 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 211 devices.
320 212
321 FUSE 213 FUSE
322 ---- 214 ----
323 215
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 216 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won !! 217 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
326 218
327 Networking 219 Networking
328 ********** !! 220 ==========
329 221
330 General changes 222 General changes
331 --------------- 223 ---------------
332 224
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 225 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 226 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 227
336 Packet Filter / NAT 228 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 229 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 230 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 231 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 232 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 233
342 PPP 234 PPP
343 --- 235 ---
344 236
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 237 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 238 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 239 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 240
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 241 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: !! 242 which can be made by:
351 243
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 !! 244 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 245
354 as root. 246 as root.
355 247
>> 248 Isdn4k-utils
>> 249 ------------
>> 250
>> 251 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 252 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 253
356 NFS-utils 254 NFS-utils
357 --------- 255 ---------
358 256
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 257 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 258 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` !! 259 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at !! 260 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr !! 261 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
364 262
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 263 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 264 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we !! 265 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 266 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 267
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 268 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 269 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 270 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker !! 271 dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 272 currently active clients.
375 273
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: !! 274 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
377 275
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 276 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 277
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 278 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 279 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 280 that is possible.
383 281
384 mcelog 282 mcelog
385 ------ 283 ------
386 284
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to !! 285 In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac !! 286 as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong !! 287 machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
390 !! 288 events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
391 Kernel documentation !! 289 All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
392 ******************** !! 290 process machine checks.
393 <<
394 Sphinx <<
395 ------ <<
396 <<
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu <<
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. <<
399 <<
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 291
406 Getting updated software 292 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 293 ========================
408 294
409 Kernel compilation 295 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 296 ******************
411 297
412 gcc 298 gcc
413 --- 299 ---
414 !! 300 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> <<
416 <<
417 Clang/LLVM <<
418 ---------- <<
419 <<
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
421 <<
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 301
432 Make 302 Make
433 ---- 303 ----
434 !! 304 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> <<
436 <<
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 305
442 Binutils 306 Binutils
443 -------- 307 --------
444 !! 308 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu <<
446 <<
447 Flex <<
448 ---- <<
449 <<
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> <<
451 <<
452 Bison <<
453 ----- <<
454 <<
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> <<
456 <<
457 OpenSSL <<
458 ------- <<
459 <<
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> <<
461 309
462 System utilities 310 System utilities
463 **************** 311 ****************
464 312
465 Util-linux 313 Util-linux
466 ---------- 314 ----------
467 !! 315 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util <<
469 <<
470 Kmod <<
471 ---- <<
472 <<
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern <<
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel <<
475 316
476 Ksymoops 317 Ksymoops
477 -------- 318 --------
>> 319 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
478 320
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 321 Module-Init-Tools
>> 322 -----------------
>> 323 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
480 324
481 Mkinitrd 325 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 326 --------
483 !! 327 o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai <<
485 328
486 E2fsprogs 329 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 330 ---------
488 !! 331 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo <<
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
491 332
492 JFSutils 333 JFSutils
493 -------- 334 --------
494 !! 335 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
496 336
497 Reiserfsprogs 337 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 338 -------------
499 !! 339 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel <<
501 340
502 Xfsprogs 341 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 342 --------
504 !! 343 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr <<
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
507 344
508 Pcmciautils 345 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 346 -----------
>> 347 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
510 348
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 349 Pcmcia-cs
>> 350 ---------
>> 351 o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
512 352
513 Quota-tools 353 Quota-tools
514 ----------- !! 354 ----------
>> 355 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
515 356
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 357 DocBook Stylesheets
>> 358 -------------------
>> 359 o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
517 360
>> 361 XMLTO XSLT Frontend
>> 362 -------------------
>> 363 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
518 364
519 Intel P6 microcode 365 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 366 ------------------
>> 367 o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
521 368
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> !! 369 Powertweak
>> 370 ----------
>> 371 o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
523 372
524 udev 373 udev
525 ---- 374 ----
526 !! 375 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system <<
528 376
529 FUSE 377 FUSE
530 ---- 378 ----
531 !! 379 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases <<
533 380
534 mcelog 381 mcelog
535 ------ 382 ------
536 !! 383 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/>
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> <<
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 384
544 Networking 385 Networking
545 ********** 386 **********
546 387
547 PPP 388 PPP
548 --- 389 ---
>> 390 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
549 391
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 392 Isdn4k-utils
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 393 ------------
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 394 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
553 395
554 NFS-utils 396 NFS-utils
555 --------- 397 ---------
556 !! 398 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p <<
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 399
560 Iptables 400 Iptables
561 -------- 401 --------
562 !! 402 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind <<
564 403
565 Ip-route2 404 Ip-route2
566 --------- 405 ---------
567 !! 406 o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ <<
569 407
570 OProfile 408 OProfile
571 -------- 409 --------
>> 410 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
572 411
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 412 NFS-Utils
574 !! 413 ---------
575 Kernel documentation !! 414 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
576 ******************** <<
577 <<
578 Sphinx <<
579 ------ <<
580 415
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> <<
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