1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.81 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.20 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge <<
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 35 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 36 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 37 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 38 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 39 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 40 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 41 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 42 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 43 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 44 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 45 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 46 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 47 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 48 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 49 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 50 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 51 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 60
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 62
72 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 64 ******************
74 65
75 GCC 66 GCC
76 --- 67 ---
77 68
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 70 computer.
80 71
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
82 --------------------- <<
83 <<
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
89 <<
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 72 Make
107 ---- 73 ----
108 74
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 75 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 76
117 Binutils 77 Binutils
118 -------- 78 --------
119 79
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 80 The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`)
121 !! 81 rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.a intermediate steps.
122 pkg-config !! 82 This requires binutils 2.20 or newer.
123 ---------- <<
124 <<
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
128 verified or documented. <<
129 83
130 Flex 84 Flex
131 ---- 85 ----
132 86
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 87 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 88 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 89
136 90
137 Bison 91 Bison
138 ----- 92 -----
139 93
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 94 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 95 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 96
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 <<
153 Perl 97 Perl
154 ---- 98 ----
155 99
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 100 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 101 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 102
159 BC 103 BC
160 -- 104 --
161 105
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 106 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 107
164 108
165 OpenSSL 109 OpenSSL
166 ------- 110 -------
167 111
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 112 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 113 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 114
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 115 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 116 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 117 and higher.
174 118
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 119
202 System utilities 120 System utilities
203 **************** 121 ****************
204 122
205 Architectural changes 123 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 124 ---------------------
207 125
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 126 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 127 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 128
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 129 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 130
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 131 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 132 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 133 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 134 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 135 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 136 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 137 Sphinx.
220 138
221 Util-linux 139 Util-linux
222 ---------- 140 ----------
223 141
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 142 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 143 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 144 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 145 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 146
229 Ksymoops 147 Ksymoops
230 -------- 148 --------
231 149
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 150 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 151 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 152 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 153 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 154 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 155 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 156 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 157 with ksymoops.
240 158
241 Mkinitrd 159 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 160 --------
243 161
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 162 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 163 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 164
247 E2fsprogs 165 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 166 ---------
249 167
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 168 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 169 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 170
253 JFSutils 171 JFSutils
254 -------- 172 --------
255 173
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 174 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 175 The following utilities are available:
258 176
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 177 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 178 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 179
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 180 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 181
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 182 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 183
266 Reiserfsprogs 184 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 185 -------------
268 186
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 187 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 188 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 189 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 190 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 191
274 Xfsprogs 192 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 193 --------
276 194
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 195 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 196 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 197 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 198 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 199 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 200
283 PCMCIAutils 201 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 202 -----------
285 203
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 204 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 205 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 206 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 207 subsystem is used.
290 208
291 Quota-tools 209 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 210 -----------
293 211
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 212 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 213 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 214 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 215 from the table above.
298 216
299 Intel IA32 microcode 217 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 218 --------------------
301 219
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 220 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 221 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 222 udev you may need to::
305 223
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 224 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 225 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 226 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 227
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 228 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 229 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 230
313 udev 231 udev
314 ---- 232 ----
315 233
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 234 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 235 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 236 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 237 devices.
320 238
321 FUSE 239 FUSE
322 ---- 240 ----
323 241
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 242 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 243 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 244
327 Networking 245 Networking
328 ********** 246 **********
329 247
330 General changes 248 General changes
331 --------------- 249 ---------------
332 250
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 251 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 252 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 253
336 Packet Filter / NAT 254 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 255 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 256 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 257 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 258 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 259
342 PPP 260 PPP
343 --- 261 ---
344 262
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 263 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 264 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 265 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 266
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 267 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 268 which can be made by::
351 269
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 270 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 271
354 as root. 272 as root.
355 273
>> 274 Isdn4k-utils
>> 275 ------------
>> 276
>> 277 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 278 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 279
356 NFS-utils 280 NFS-utils
357 --------- 281 ---------
358 282
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 283 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 284 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 285 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 286 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 287 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 288
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 289 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 290 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 291 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 292 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 293
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 294 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 295 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 296 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 297 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 298 currently active clients.
375 299
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 300 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 301
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 302 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 303
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 304 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 305 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 306 that is possible.
383 307
384 mcelog 308 mcelog
385 ------ 309 ------
386 310
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 311 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 312 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 313 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 314
391 Kernel documentation 315 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 316 ********************
393 317
394 Sphinx 318 Sphinx
395 ------ 319 ------
396 320
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 321 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in ``Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst``
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 322 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 323
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 <<
406 Getting updated software 324 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 325 ========================
408 326
409 Kernel compilation 327 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 328 ******************
411 329
412 gcc 330 gcc
413 --- 331 ---
414 332
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 333 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 334
417 Clang/LLVM <<
418 ---------- <<
419 <<
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
421 <<
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 335 Make
433 ---- 336 ----
434 337
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 338 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 339
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 340 Binutils
443 -------- 341 --------
444 342
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 343 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 344
447 Flex 345 Flex
448 ---- 346 ----
449 347
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 348 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 349
452 Bison 350 Bison
453 ----- 351 -----
454 352
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 353 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 354
457 OpenSSL 355 OpenSSL
458 ------- 356 -------
459 357
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 358 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 359
462 System utilities 360 System utilities
463 **************** 361 ****************
464 362
465 Util-linux 363 Util-linux
466 ---------- 364 ----------
467 365
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 366 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 367
470 Kmod 368 Kmod
471 ---- 369 ----
472 370
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 371 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 372 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 373
476 Ksymoops 374 Ksymoops
477 -------- 375 --------
478 376
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 377 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 378
481 Mkinitrd 379 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 380 --------
483 381
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 382 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 383
486 E2fsprogs 384 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 385 ---------
488 386
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 387 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
491 388
492 JFSutils 389 JFSutils
493 -------- 390 --------
494 391
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 392 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 393
497 Reiserfsprogs 394 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 395 -------------
499 396
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 397 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
501 398
502 Xfsprogs 399 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 400 --------
504 401
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 402 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
507 403
508 Pcmciautils 404 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 405 -----------
510 406
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 407 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 408
513 Quota-tools 409 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 410 -----------
515 411
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 412 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 413
518 414
519 Intel P6 microcode 415 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 416 ------------------
521 417
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 418 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 419
524 udev 420 udev
525 ---- 421 ----
526 422
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 423 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 424
529 FUSE 425 FUSE
530 ---- 426 ----
531 427
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 428 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 429
534 mcelog 430 mcelog
535 ------ 431 ------
536 432
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 433 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 434
544 Networking 435 Networking
545 ********** 436 **********
546 437
547 PPP 438 PPP
548 --- 439 ---
549 440
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 441 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 442
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 443 Isdn4k-utils
>> 444 ------------
>> 445
>> 446 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
553 447
554 NFS-utils 448 NFS-utils
555 --------- 449 ---------
556 450
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 451 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 452
560 Iptables 453 Iptables
561 -------- 454 --------
562 455
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 456 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
564 457
565 Ip-route2 458 Ip-route2
566 --------- 459 ---------
567 460
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 462
570 OProfile 463 OProfile
571 -------- 464 --------
572 465
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 466 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 467
>> 468 NFS-Utils
>> 469 ---------
>> 470
>> 471 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 472
575 Kernel documentation 473 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 474 ********************
577 475
578 Sphinx 476 Sphinx
579 ------ 477 ------
580 478
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 479 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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