1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 4.6 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.81 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.20 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge <<
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 35 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 36 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 37 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 38 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 39 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 40 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 41 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 42 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 43 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 44 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 45 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 46 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 47 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 48 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 49 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 50 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 51 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 60
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 62
72 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 64 ******************
74 65
75 GCC 66 GCC
76 --- 67 ---
77 68
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 70 computer.
80 71
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
82 --------------------- <<
83 <<
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
89 <<
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 72 Make
107 ---- 73 ----
108 74
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 75 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 76
117 Binutils 77 Binutils
118 -------- 78 --------
119 79
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 80 The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`)
>> 81 rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.a intermediate steps.
>> 82 This requires binutils 2.20 or newer.
121 83
122 pkg-config 84 pkg-config
123 ---------- 85 ----------
124 86
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 87 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 88 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 89 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
128 verified or documented. 90 verified or documented.
129 91
130 Flex 92 Flex
131 ---- 93 ----
132 94
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 95 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 96 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 97
136 98
137 Bison 99 Bison
138 ----- 100 -----
139 101
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 102 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 103 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 104
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 <<
153 Perl 105 Perl
154 ---- 106 ----
155 107
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 108 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 109 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 110
159 BC 111 BC
160 -- 112 --
161 113
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 114 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 115
164 116
165 OpenSSL 117 OpenSSL
166 ------- 118 -------
167 119
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 120 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 121 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 122
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 123 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 124 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 125 and higher.
174 126
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 127
202 System utilities 128 System utilities
203 **************** 129 ****************
204 130
205 Architectural changes 131 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 132 ---------------------
207 133
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 134 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 135 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 136
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 137 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 138
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 139 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 140 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 141 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 142 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 143 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 144 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 145 Sphinx.
220 146
221 Util-linux 147 Util-linux
222 ---------- 148 ----------
223 149
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 150 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 151 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 152 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 153 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 154
229 Ksymoops 155 Ksymoops
230 -------- 156 --------
231 157
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 158 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 159 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 160 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 161 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 162 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 163 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 164 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 165 with ksymoops.
240 166
241 Mkinitrd 167 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 168 --------
243 169
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 170 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 171 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 172
247 E2fsprogs 173 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 174 ---------
249 175
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 176 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 177 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 178
253 JFSutils 179 JFSutils
254 -------- 180 --------
255 181
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 182 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 183 The following utilities are available:
258 184
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 185 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 186 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 187
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 188 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 189
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 190 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 191
266 Reiserfsprogs 192 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 193 -------------
268 194
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 195 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 196 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 197 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 198 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 199
274 Xfsprogs 200 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 201 --------
276 202
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 203 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 204 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 205 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 206 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 207 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 208
283 PCMCIAutils 209 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 210 -----------
285 211
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 212 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 213 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 214 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 215 subsystem is used.
290 216
291 Quota-tools 217 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 218 -----------
293 219
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 220 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 221 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 222 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 223 from the table above.
298 224
299 Intel IA32 microcode 225 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 226 --------------------
301 227
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 228 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 229 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 230 udev you may need to::
305 231
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 232 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 233 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 234 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 235
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 236 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 237 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 238
313 udev 239 udev
314 ---- 240 ----
315 241
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 242 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 243 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 244 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 245 devices.
320 246
321 FUSE 247 FUSE
322 ---- 248 ----
323 249
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 250 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 251 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 252
327 Networking 253 Networking
328 ********** 254 **********
329 255
330 General changes 256 General changes
331 --------------- 257 ---------------
332 258
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 259 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 260 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 261
336 Packet Filter / NAT 262 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 263 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 264 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 265 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 266 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 267
342 PPP 268 PPP
343 --- 269 ---
344 270
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 271 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 272 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 273 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 274
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 275 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 276 which can be made by::
351 277
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 278 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 279
354 as root. 280 as root.
355 281
>> 282 Isdn4k-utils
>> 283 ------------
>> 284
>> 285 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 286 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 287
356 NFS-utils 288 NFS-utils
357 --------- 289 ---------
358 290
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 291 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 292 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 293 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 294 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 295 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 296
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 297 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 298 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 299 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 300 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 301
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 302 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 303 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 304 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 305 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 306 currently active clients.
375 307
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 308 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 309
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 310 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 311
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 312 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 313 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 314 that is possible.
383 315
384 mcelog 316 mcelog
385 ------ 317 ------
386 318
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 319 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 320 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 321 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 322
391 Kernel documentation 323 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 324 ********************
393 325
394 Sphinx 326 Sphinx
395 ------ 327 ------
396 328
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 329 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in ``Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst``
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 330 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 331
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 <<
406 Getting updated software 332 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 333 ========================
408 334
409 Kernel compilation 335 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 336 ******************
411 337
412 gcc 338 gcc
413 --- 339 ---
414 340
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 341 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 342
417 Clang/LLVM <<
418 ---------- <<
419 <<
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
421 <<
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 343 Make
433 ---- 344 ----
434 345
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 346 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 347
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 348 Binutils
443 -------- 349 --------
444 350
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 351 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 352
447 Flex 353 Flex
448 ---- 354 ----
449 355
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 356 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 357
452 Bison 358 Bison
453 ----- 359 -----
454 360
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 361 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 362
457 OpenSSL 363 OpenSSL
458 ------- 364 -------
459 365
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 366 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 367
462 System utilities 368 System utilities
463 **************** 369 ****************
464 370
465 Util-linux 371 Util-linux
466 ---------- 372 ----------
467 373
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 374 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 375
470 Kmod 376 Kmod
471 ---- 377 ----
472 378
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 379 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 380 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 381
476 Ksymoops 382 Ksymoops
477 -------- 383 --------
478 384
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 385 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 386
481 Mkinitrd 387 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 388 --------
483 389
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 390 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 391
486 E2fsprogs 392 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 393 ---------
488 394
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 395 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
491 396
492 JFSutils 397 JFSutils
493 -------- 398 --------
494 399
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 400 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 401
497 Reiserfsprogs 402 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 403 -------------
499 404
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 405 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
501 406
502 Xfsprogs 407 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 408 --------
504 409
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 410 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
507 411
508 Pcmciautils 412 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 413 -----------
510 414
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 415 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 416
513 Quota-tools 417 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 418 -----------
515 419
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 420 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 421
518 422
519 Intel P6 microcode 423 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 424 ------------------
521 425
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 426 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 427
524 udev 428 udev
525 ---- 429 ----
526 430
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 431 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 432
529 FUSE 433 FUSE
530 ---- 434 ----
531 435
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 436 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 437
534 mcelog 438 mcelog
535 ------ 439 ------
536 440
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 441 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 442
544 Networking 443 Networking
545 ********** 444 **********
546 445
547 PPP 446 PPP
548 --- 447 ---
549 448
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 449 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 450
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 451 Isdn4k-utils
>> 452 ------------
>> 453
>> 454 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
553 455
554 NFS-utils 456 NFS-utils
555 --------- 457 ---------
556 458
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 459 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 460
560 Iptables 461 Iptables
561 -------- 462 --------
562 463
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 464 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
564 465
565 Ip-route2 466 Ip-route2
566 --------- 467 ---------
567 468
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 469 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 470
570 OProfile 471 OProfile
571 -------- 472 --------
572 473
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 474 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 475
>> 476 NFS-Utils
>> 477 ---------
>> 478
>> 479 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 480
575 Kernel documentation 481 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 482 ********************
577 483
578 Sphinx 484 Sphinx
579 ------ 485 ------
580 486
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 487 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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