1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 4.6 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.81 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.21 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge <<
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 35 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 36 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 37 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 38 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 39 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 40 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 41 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 42 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 43 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 44 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 45 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 46 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 47 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 48 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 49 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 50 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 51 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 52 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 53 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 54 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 55 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 56 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 57 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 GNU AWK (optional) 5.1.0 gawk - <<
68 ====================== =============== ====== 58 ====================== =============== ========================================
69 59
70 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 60 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
71 61
72 Kernel compilation 62 Kernel compilation
73 ****************** 63 ******************
74 64
75 GCC 65 GCC
76 --- 66 ---
77 67
78 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 68 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
79 computer. 69 computer.
80 70
81 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
82 --------------------- <<
83 <<
84 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
85 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
86 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
87 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
88 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
89 <<
90 Rust (optional) <<
91 --------------- <<
92 <<
93 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
94 <<
95 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
96 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
97 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
98 be detected. <<
99 <<
100 bindgen (optional) <<
101 ------------------ <<
102 <<
103 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
104 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
105 <<
106 Make 71 Make
107 ---- 72 ----
108 73
109 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 74 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
110 <<
111 Bash <<
112 ---- <<
113 <<
114 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
115 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
116 75
117 Binutils 76 Binutils
118 -------- 77 --------
119 78
120 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 79 Binutils 2.21 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
121 80
122 pkg-config 81 pkg-config
123 ---------- 82 ----------
124 83
125 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 84 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
126 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 85 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
127 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 86 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
128 verified or documented. 87 verified or documented.
129 88
130 Flex 89 Flex
131 ---- 90 ----
132 91
133 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 92 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
134 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 93 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
135 94
136 95
137 Bison 96 Bison
138 ----- 97 -----
139 98
140 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 99 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
141 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 100 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
142 101
143 pahole <<
144 ------ <<
145 <<
146 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
147 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
148 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
149 <<
150 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
151 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
152 <<
153 Perl 102 Perl
154 ---- 103 ----
155 104
156 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 105 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
157 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 106 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
158 107
159 BC 108 BC
160 -- 109 --
161 110
162 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 111 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
163 112
164 113
165 OpenSSL 114 OpenSSL
166 ------- 115 -------
167 116
168 Module signing and external certificate handli 117 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
169 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 118 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
170 119
171 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 120 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
172 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 121 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
173 and higher. 122 and higher.
174 123
175 Tar <<
176 --- <<
177 <<
178 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
179 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
180 <<
181 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
182 ----------------------------- <<
183 <<
184 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
185 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
186 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
187 <<
188 mkimage <<
189 ------- <<
190 <<
191 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
192 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
193 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
194 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
195 <<
196 GNU AWK <<
197 ------- <<
198 <<
199 GNU AWK is needed if you want kernel builds to <<
200 builtin modules (CONFIG_BUILTIN_MODULE_RANGES) <<
201 124
202 System utilities 125 System utilities
203 **************** 126 ****************
204 127
205 Architectural changes 128 Architectural changes
206 --------------------- 129 ---------------------
207 130
208 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 131 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
209 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 132 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
210 133
211 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 134 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
212 135
213 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 136 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
214 documentation via specially-formatted comments 137 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
215 definitions in the source. These comments can 138 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
216 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 139 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
217 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 140 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
218 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 141 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
219 Sphinx. 142 Sphinx.
220 143
221 Util-linux 144 Util-linux
222 ---------- 145 ----------
223 146
224 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 147 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
225 support new options to mount, recognize more s 148 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
226 types, and similar goodies. !! 149 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
227 You'll probably want to upgrade. 150 You'll probably want to upgrade.
228 151
229 Ksymoops 152 Ksymoops
230 -------- 153 --------
231 154
232 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 155 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
233 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 156 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
234 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 157 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
235 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 158 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
236 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 159 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
237 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 160 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
238 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 161 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
239 with ksymoops. 162 with ksymoops.
240 163
241 Mkinitrd 164 Mkinitrd
242 -------- 165 --------
243 166
244 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 167 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
245 mkinitrd be upgraded. 168 mkinitrd be upgraded.
246 169
247 E2fsprogs 170 E2fsprogs
248 --------- 171 ---------
249 172
250 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 173 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
251 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 174 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
252 175
253 JFSutils 176 JFSutils
254 -------- 177 --------
255 178
256 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 179 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
257 The following utilities are available: 180 The following utilities are available:
258 181
259 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 182 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
260 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 183 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
261 184
262 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 185 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
263 186
264 - other file system utilities are also availab 187 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
265 188
266 Reiserfsprogs 189 Reiserfsprogs
267 ------------- 190 -------------
268 191
269 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 192 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
270 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 193 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
271 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 194 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
272 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 195 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
273 196
274 Xfsprogs 197 Xfsprogs
275 -------- 198 --------
276 199
277 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 200 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
278 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 201 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
279 architecture independent and any version from 202 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
280 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 203 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
281 later is recommended, due to some significant 204 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
282 205
283 PCMCIAutils 206 PCMCIAutils
284 ----------- 207 -----------
285 208
286 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 209 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
287 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 210 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
288 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 211 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
289 subsystem is used. 212 subsystem is used.
290 213
291 Quota-tools 214 Quota-tools
292 ----------- 215 -----------
293 216
294 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 217 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
295 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 218 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
296 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 219 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
297 from the table above. 220 from the table above.
298 221
299 Intel IA32 microcode 222 Intel IA32 microcode
300 -------------------- 223 --------------------
301 224
302 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 225 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
303 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 226 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
304 udev you may need to:: 227 udev you may need to::
305 228
306 mkdir /dev/cpu 229 mkdir /dev/cpu
307 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 230 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
308 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 231 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
309 232
310 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 233 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
311 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 234 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
312 235
313 udev 236 udev
314 ---- 237 ----
315 238
316 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 239 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
317 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 240 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
318 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 241 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
319 devices. 242 devices.
320 243
321 FUSE 244 FUSE
322 ---- 245 ----
323 246
324 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 247 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
325 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 248 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
326 249
327 Networking 250 Networking
328 ********** 251 **********
329 252
330 General changes 253 General changes
331 --------------- 254 ---------------
332 255
333 If you have advanced network configuration nee 256 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
334 consider using the network tools from ip-route 257 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
335 258
336 Packet Filter / NAT 259 Packet Filter / NAT
337 ------------------- 260 -------------------
338 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 261 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
339 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 262 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
340 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 263 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
341 264
342 PPP 265 PPP
343 --- 266 ---
344 267
345 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 268 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
346 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 269 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
347 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 270 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
348 271
349 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 272 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
350 which can be made by:: 273 which can be made by::
351 274
352 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 275 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
353 276
354 as root. 277 as root.
355 278
356 NFS-utils 279 NFS-utils
357 --------- 280 ---------
358 281
359 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 282 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
360 about any client that expected to be able to a 283 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
361 information would be given to the kernel by `` 284 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
362 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 285 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
363 would take information about active clients fr 286 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
364 287
365 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 288 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
366 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 289 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
367 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 290 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
368 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 291 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
369 292
370 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 293 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
371 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 294 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
372 appropriate export information to the kernel. 295 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
373 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 296 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
374 currently active clients. 297 currently active clients.
375 298
376 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 299 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
377 300
378 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 301 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
379 302
380 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 303 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
381 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 304 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
382 that is possible. 305 that is possible.
383 306
384 mcelog 307 mcelog
385 ------ 308 ------
386 309
387 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 310 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
388 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 311 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
389 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 312 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
390 313
391 Kernel documentation 314 Kernel documentation
392 ******************** 315 ********************
393 316
394 Sphinx 317 Sphinx
395 ------ 318 ------
396 319
397 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 320 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
398 for details about Sphinx requirements. 321 for details about Sphinx requirements.
399 322
400 rustdoc <<
401 ------- <<
402 <<
403 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
404 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
405 <<
406 Getting updated software 323 Getting updated software
407 ======================== 324 ========================
408 325
409 Kernel compilation 326 Kernel compilation
410 ****************** 327 ******************
411 328
412 gcc 329 gcc
413 --- 330 ---
414 331
415 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 332 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
416 333
417 Clang/LLVM <<
418 ---------- <<
419 <<
420 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
421 <<
422 Rust <<
423 ---- <<
424 <<
425 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
426 <<
427 bindgen <<
428 ------- <<
429 <<
430 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
431 <<
432 Make 334 Make
433 ---- 335 ----
434 336
435 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 337 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
436 338
437 Bash <<
438 ---- <<
439 <<
440 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
441 <<
442 Binutils 339 Binutils
443 -------- 340 --------
444 341
445 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 342 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
446 343
447 Flex 344 Flex
448 ---- 345 ----
449 346
450 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 347 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
451 348
452 Bison 349 Bison
453 ----- 350 -----
454 351
455 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 352 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
456 353
457 OpenSSL 354 OpenSSL
458 ------- 355 -------
459 356
460 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 357 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
461 358
462 System utilities 359 System utilities
463 **************** 360 ****************
464 361
465 Util-linux 362 Util-linux
466 ---------- 363 ----------
467 364
468 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 365 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
469 366
470 Kmod 367 Kmod
471 ---- 368 ----
472 369
473 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 370 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
474 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 371 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
475 372
476 Ksymoops 373 Ksymoops
477 -------- 374 --------
478 375
479 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 376 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
480 377
481 Mkinitrd 378 Mkinitrd
482 -------- 379 --------
483 380
484 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 381 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
485 382
486 E2fsprogs 383 E2fsprogs
487 --------- 384 ---------
488 385
489 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 386 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
490 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
491 387
492 JFSutils 388 JFSutils
493 -------- 389 --------
494 390
495 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 391 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
496 392
497 Reiserfsprogs 393 Reiserfsprogs
498 ------------- 394 -------------
499 395
500 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 396 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
501 397
502 Xfsprogs 398 Xfsprogs
503 -------- 399 --------
504 400
505 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 401 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
506 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
507 402
508 Pcmciautils 403 Pcmciautils
509 ----------- 404 -----------
510 405
511 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 406 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
512 407
513 Quota-tools 408 Quota-tools
514 ----------- 409 -----------
515 410
516 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 411 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
517 412
518 413
519 Intel P6 microcode 414 Intel P6 microcode
520 ------------------ 415 ------------------
521 416
522 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 417 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
523 418
524 udev 419 udev
525 ---- 420 ----
526 421
527 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 422 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
528 423
529 FUSE 424 FUSE
530 ---- 425 ----
531 426
532 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 427 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
533 428
534 mcelog 429 mcelog
535 ------ 430 ------
536 431
537 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 432 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
538 <<
539 cpio <<
540 ---- <<
541 <<
542 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
543 433
544 Networking 434 Networking
545 ********** 435 **********
546 436
547 PPP 437 PPP
548 --- 438 ---
549 439
550 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 440 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
551 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> <<
552 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> <<
553 441
554 NFS-utils 442 NFS-utils
555 --------- 443 ---------
556 444
557 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 445 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
558 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
559 446
560 Iptables 447 Iptables
561 -------- 448 --------
562 449
563 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 450 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
564 451
565 Ip-route2 452 Ip-route2
566 --------- 453 ---------
567 454
568 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 455 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
569 456
570 OProfile 457 OProfile
571 -------- 458 --------
572 459
573 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 460 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 461
>> 462 NFS-Utils
>> 463 ---------
>> 464
>> 465 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
574 466
575 Kernel documentation 467 Kernel documentation
576 ******************** 468 ********************
577 469
578 Sphinx 470 Sphinx
579 ------ 471 ------
580 472
581 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 473 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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