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Linux/Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst

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Diff markup

Differences between /Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst (Version linux-6.12-rc7) and /Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst (Version linux-6.11.7)


  1 Explaining the "No working init found." boot h      1 Explaining the "No working init found." boot hang message
  2 ==============================================      2 =========================================================
  3 :Authors: Andreas Mohr <andi at lisas period d      3 :Authors: Andreas Mohr <andi at lisas period de>
  4           Cristian Souza <cristianmsbr at gmai      4           Cristian Souza <cristianmsbr at gmail period com>
  5                                                     5 
  6 This document provides some high-level reasons      6 This document provides some high-level reasons for failure
  7 (listed roughly in order of execution) to load      7 (listed roughly in order of execution) to load the init binary.
  8                                                     8 
  9 1) **Unable to mount root FS**: Set "debug" ke      9 1) **Unable to mount root FS**: Set "debug" kernel parameter (in bootloader
 10    config file or CONFIG_CMDLINE) to get more      10    config file or CONFIG_CMDLINE) to get more detailed kernel messages.
 11                                                    11 
 12 2) **init binary doesn't exist on rootfs**: Ma     12 2) **init binary doesn't exist on rootfs**: Make sure you have the correct
 13    root FS type (and ``root=`` kernel paramete     13    root FS type (and ``root=`` kernel parameter points to the correct
 14    partition), required drivers such as storag     14    partition), required drivers such as storage hardware (such as SCSI or
 15    USB!) and filesystem (ext3, jffs2, etc.) ar     15    USB!) and filesystem (ext3, jffs2, etc.) are builtin (alternatively as
 16    modules, to be pre-loaded by an initrd).        16    modules, to be pre-loaded by an initrd).
 17                                                    17 
 18 3) **Broken console device**: Possibly a confl     18 3) **Broken console device**: Possibly a conflict in ``console= setup``
 19    --> initial console unavailable. E.g. some      19    --> initial console unavailable. E.g. some serial consoles are unreliable
 20    due to serial IRQ issues (e.g. missing inte     20    due to serial IRQ issues (e.g. missing interrupt-based configuration).
 21    Try using a different ``console= device`` o     21    Try using a different ``console= device`` or e.g. ``netconsole=``.
 22                                                    22 
 23 4) **Binary exists but dependencies not availa     23 4) **Binary exists but dependencies not available**: E.g. required library
 24    dependencies of the init binary such as ``/     24    dependencies of the init binary such as ``/lib/ld-linux.so.2`` missing or
 25    broken. Use ``readelf -d <INIT>|grep NEEDED     25    broken. Use ``readelf -d <INIT>|grep NEEDED`` to find out which libraries
 26    are required.                                   26    are required.
 27                                                    27 
 28 5) **Binary cannot be loaded**: Make sure the      28 5) **Binary cannot be loaded**: Make sure the binary's architecture matches
 29    your hardware. E.g. i386 vs. x86_64 mismatc     29    your hardware. E.g. i386 vs. x86_64 mismatch, or trying to load x86 on ARM
 30    hardware. In case you tried loading a non-b     30    hardware. In case you tried loading a non-binary file here (shell script?),
 31    you should make sure that the script specif     31    you should make sure that the script specifies an interpreter in its
 32    shebang header line (``#!/...``) that is fu     32    shebang header line (``#!/...``) that is fully working (including its
 33    library dependencies). And before tackling      33    library dependencies). And before tackling scripts, better first test a
 34    simple non-script binary such as ``/bin/sh`     34    simple non-script binary such as ``/bin/sh`` and confirm its successful
 35    execution. To find out more, add code ``to      35    execution. To find out more, add code ``to init/main.c`` to display
 36    kernel_execve()s return values.                 36    kernel_execve()s return values.
 37                                                    37 
 38 Please extend this explanation whenever you fi     38 Please extend this explanation whenever you find new failure causes
 39 (after all loading the init binary is a CRITIC     39 (after all loading the init binary is a CRITICAL and hard transition step
 40 which needs to be made as painless as possible     40 which needs to be made as painless as possible), then submit a patch to LKML.
 41 Further TODOs:                                     41 Further TODOs:
 42                                                    42 
 43 - Implement the various ``run_init_process()``     43 - Implement the various ``run_init_process()`` invocations via a struct array
 44   which can then store the ``kernel_execve()``     44   which can then store the ``kernel_execve()`` result value and on failure
 45   log it all by iterating over **all** results     45   log it all by iterating over **all** results (very important usability fix).
 46 - Try to make the implementation itself more h     46 - Try to make the implementation itself more helpful in general, e.g. by
 47   providing additional error messages at affec     47   providing additional error messages at affected places.
 48                                                    48 
                                                      

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