1 accept_memory= [MM] !! 1 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64]
2 Format: { eager | lazy <<
3 default: lazy <<
4 By default, unaccepted <<
5 avoid prolonged boot t <<
6 some runtime overhead <<
7 accepted. In most case <<
8 For some workloads or <<
9 accept_memory=eager ca <<
10 at once during boot. <<
11 <<
12 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64,RIS <<
13 Advanced Configuration 2 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
14 Format: { force | on | 3 Format: { force | on | off | strict | noirq | rsdt |
15 copy_dsdt | !! 4 copy_dsdt }
16 force -- enable ACPI i 5 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
17 on -- enable ACPI but !! 6 on -- enable ACPI but allow fallback to DT [arm64]
18 off -- disable ACPI if 7 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
19 noirq -- do not use AC 8 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
20 strict -- Be less tole 9 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
21 strictly ACPI 10 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
22 rsdt -- prefer RSDT ov 11 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
23 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT 12 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
24 nospcr -- disable cons !! 13 For ARM64, ONLY "acpi=off", "acpi=on" or "acpi=force"
25 default _seria <<
26 For ARM64, ONLY "acpi= <<
27 "acpi=nospcr" are avai <<
28 For RISCV64, ONLY "acp <<
29 are available 14 are available
30 15
31 See also Documentation 16 See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.rst, pci=noacpi
32 17
33 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI,IOAPIC,E !! 18 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
34 Format: <int> 19 Format: <int>
35 2: use 2nd APIC table, 20 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
36 1,0: use 1st APIC tabl 21 1,0: use 1st APIC table
37 default: 0 22 default: 0
38 23
39 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI] 24 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
40 { vendor | video | nat !! 25 acpi_backlight=vendor
41 If set to vendor, pref !! 26 acpi_backlight=video
>> 27 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
42 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, s 28 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
43 of the ACPI video.ko d 29 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
44 If set to video, use t <<
45 If set to native, use <<
46 If set to none, disabl <<
47 30
48 acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr [ACPI,EARLY !! 31 acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr
49 force FADT to use 32 b 32 force FADT to use 32 bit addresses rather than the
50 64 bit X_* addresses. 33 64 bit X_* addresses. Some firmware have broken 64
51 bit addresses for forc 34 bit addresses for force ACPI ignore these and use
52 the older legacy 32 bi 35 the older legacy 32 bit addresses.
53 36
54 acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI] 37 acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI]
55 Disable AML predefined 38 Disable AML predefined validation mechanism
56 This mechanism can rep 39 This mechanism can repair the evaluation result to make
57 the return objects mor 40 the return objects more ACPI specification compliant.
58 This option is useful 41 This option is useful for developers to identify the
59 root cause of an AML i 42 root cause of an AML interpreter issue when the issue
60 has something to do wi 43 has something to do with the repair mechanism.
61 44
62 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_ 45 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
63 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_ 46 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
64 Format: <int> 47 Format: <int>
65 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must 48 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
66 debug output. Bits in 49 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
67 _COMPONENT in an ACPI 50 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
68 #define _COMPONENT !! 51 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
69 Bits in debug_level co 52 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
70 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT state 53 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
71 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT(( 54 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
72 The debug_level mask d 55 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
73 Documentation/firmware 56 Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/debug.rst for more information about
74 debug layers and level 57 debug layers and levels.
75 58
76 Enable processor drive 59 Enable processor driver info messages:
77 acpi.debug_layer=0 60 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
>> 61 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
>> 62 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
78 Enable AML "Debug" out 63 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
79 object while interpret 64 object while interpreting AML:
80 acpi.debug_layer=0 65 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
81 Enable all messages re 66 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
82 acpi.debug_layer=0 67 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
83 68
84 Some values produce so 69 Some values produce so much output that the system is
85 unusable. The "log_bu 70 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
86 if you need to capture 71 if you need to capture more output.
87 72
88 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI] 73 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
89 { strict | lax | no } 74 { strict | lax | no }
90 Check for resource con 75 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
91 and ACPI OperationRegi 76 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
92 only). IO ports and me 77 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
93 used by the ACPI subsy 78 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
94 can interfere with leg 79 can interfere with legacy drivers.
95 strict (default): acce 80 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
96 is denied; legacy driv 81 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
97 resources will fail to 82 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
98 lax: access to resourc 83 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
99 legacy drivers trying 84 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
100 will bind successfully 85 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
101 no: ACPI OperationRegi 86 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
102 no further checks are 87 no further checks are performed.
103 88
104 acpi_force_table_verification [HW,AC !! 89 acpi_force_table_verification [HW,ACPI]
105 Enable table checksum 90 Enable table checksum verification during early stage.
106 By default, this is di 91 By default, this is disabled due to x86 early mapping
107 size limitation. 92 size limitation.
108 93
109 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI] 94 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
110 ACPI will balance acti 95 ACPI will balance active IRQs
111 default in APIC mode 96 default in APIC mode
112 97
113 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI] 98 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
114 ACPI will not move act 99 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
115 default in PIC mode 100 default in PIC mode
116 101
117 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balan 102 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
118 Format: <irq>,<irq>... 103 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
119 104
120 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balan 105 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
121 use by PCI 106 use by PCI
122 Format: <irq>,<irq>... 107 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
123 108
124 acpi_mask_gpe= [HW,ACPI] 109 acpi_mask_gpe= [HW,ACPI]
125 Due to the existence o 110 Due to the existence of _Lxx/_Exx, some GPEs triggered
126 by unsupported hardwar 111 by unsupported hardware/firmware features can result in
127 GPE floodings that can 112 GPE floodings that cannot be automatically disabled by
128 the GPE dispatcher. 113 the GPE dispatcher.
129 This facility can be u 114 This facility can be used to prevent such uncontrolled
130 GPE floodings. 115 GPE floodings.
131 Format: <byte> or <bit !! 116 Format: <byte>
132 117
133 acpi_no_auto_serialize [HW,ACPI] 118 acpi_no_auto_serialize [HW,ACPI]
134 Disable auto-serializa 119 Disable auto-serialization of AML methods
135 AML control methods th 120 AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create
136 named objects will be 121 named objects will be marked as "Serialized" by the
137 auto-serialization fea 122 auto-serialization feature.
138 This feature is enable 123 This feature is enabled by default.
139 This option allows to 124 This option allows to turn off the feature.
140 125
141 acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memo 126 acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memory hotplug. Useful for kdump
142 kernels. 127 kernels.
143 128
144 acpi_no_static_ssdt [HW,ACPI,EARLY !! 129 acpi_no_static_ssdt [HW,ACPI]
145 Disable installation o 130 Disable installation of static SSDTs at early boot time
146 By default, SSDTs cont 131 By default, SSDTs contained in the RSDT/XSDT will be
147 installed automaticall 132 installed automatically and they will appear under
148 /sys/firmware/acpi/tab 133 /sys/firmware/acpi/tables.
149 This option turns off 134 This option turns off this feature.
150 Note that specifying t 135 Note that specifying this option does not affect
151 dynamic table installa 136 dynamic table installation which will install SSDT
152 tables to /sys/firmwar 137 tables to /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/dynamic.
153 138
154 acpi_no_watchdog [HW,ACPI,WDT] 139 acpi_no_watchdog [HW,ACPI,WDT]
155 Ignore the ACPI-based 140 Ignore the ACPI-based watchdog interface (WDAT) and let
156 a native driver contro 141 a native driver control the watchdog device instead.
157 142
158 acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC,EARLY] !! 143 acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC]
159 Pass the RSDP address 144 Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used
160 on machines running EF 145 on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the
161 second kernel for kdum 146 second kernel for kdump.
162 147
163 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BI 148 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
164 Format: To spoof as Wi 149 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
165 150
166 acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the 151 acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the _REV object to return 5 (instead
167 of 2 which is mandated 152 of 2 which is mandated by ACPI 6) as the supported ACPI
168 specification revision 153 specification revision (when using this switch, it may
169 be necessary to carry 154 be necessary to carry out a cold reboot _twice_ in a
170 row to make it take ef 155 row to make it take effect on the platform firmware).
171 156
172 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list 157 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
173 acpi_osi="string1" 158 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1
174 acpi_osi="!string2" 159 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove string2
175 acpi_osi=!* 160 acpi_osi=!* # remove all strings
176 acpi_osi=! 161 acpi_osi=! # disable all built-in OS vendor
177 162 strings
178 acpi_osi=!! 163 acpi_osi=!! # enable all built-in OS vendor
179 164 strings
180 acpi_osi= 165 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
181 166
182 'acpi_osi=!' can be us 167 'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or
183 multiple 'acpi_osi="st 168 multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS
184 vendor string(s). Not 169 vendor string(s). Note that such command can only
185 affect the default sta 170 affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus
186 it cannot affect the d 171 it cannot affect the default state of the feature group
187 strings and the curren 172 strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings,
188 specifying it multiple 173 specifying it multiple times through kernel command line
189 is meaningless. This 174 is meaningless. This command is useful when one do not
190 care about the state o 175 care about the state of the feature group strings which
191 should be controlled b 176 should be controlled by the OSPM.
192 Examples: 177 Examples:
193 1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_ 178 1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent
194 to 'acpi_osi="Win 179 to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all
195 can make '_OSI("W 180 can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
196 181
197 'acpi_osi=' cannot be 182 'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other
198 'acpi_osi=' command li 183 'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not
199 exist in the ACPI name 184 exist in the ACPI namespace. NOTE that such command can
200 only affect the _OSI s 185 only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it
201 multiple times through 186 multiple times through kernel command line is also
202 meaningless. 187 meaningless.
203 Examples: 188 Examples:
204 1. 'acpi_osi=' can m 189 1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)'
205 FALSE. 190 FALSE.
206 191
207 'acpi_osi=!*' can be u 192 'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or
208 multiple 'acpi_osi="st 193 multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific
209 string(s). Note that 194 string(s). Note that such command can affect the
210 current state of both 195 current state of both the OS vendor strings and the
211 feature group strings, 196 feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times
212 through kernel command 197 through kernel command line is meaningful. But it may
213 still not able to affe 198 still not able to affect the final state of a string if
214 there are quirks relat 199 there are quirks related to this string. This command
215 is useful when one wan 200 is useful when one want to control the state of the
216 feature group strings 201 feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to
217 the OSPM features. 202 the OSPM features.
218 Examples: 203 Examples:
219 1. 'acpi_osi="Module 204 1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make
220 '_OSI("Module Dev 205 '_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE.
221 2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi 206 2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make
222 '_OSI("Module Dev 207 '_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE.
223 3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_ 208 3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is
224 equivalent to 209 equivalent to
225 'acpi_osi=!* acpi 210 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"'
226 and 211 and
227 'acpi_osi=!* acpi 212 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!',
228 they all will mak 213 they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
229 214
230 acpi_pm_good [X86] 215 acpi_pm_good [X86]
231 Override the pmtimer b 216 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
232 to assume that this ma 217 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
233 and always returns goo 218 and always returns good values.
234 219
235 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI,EARLY] ACPI S !! 220 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
236 Format: { level | edge 221 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
237 222
238 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI,EARL !! 223 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
239 Recognize and ignore I 224 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
240 For broken nForce2 BIO 225 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
241 226
242 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep option 227 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
243 Format: { s3_bios, s3_ !! 228 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
244 s4_nohwsig, !! 229 old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable, nobl }
245 sci_force_en <<
246 See Documentation/powe 230 See Documentation/power/video.rst for information on
247 s3_bios and s3_mode. 231 s3_bios and s3_mode.
248 s3_beep is for debuggi 232 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
249 as soon as the kernel' 233 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
250 s4_hwsig causes the ke <<
251 signature during resum <<
252 refuse to resume if it <<
253 the ACPI specification <<
254 Windows does not do th <<
255 on docking. So the def <<
256 and simply warn when t <<
257 s4_hwsig option is ena <<
258 s4_nohwsig prevents AC 234 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
259 used (or even warned a !! 235 used during resume from hibernation.
260 old_ordering causes th 236 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
261 control method, with r 237 control method, with respect to putting devices into
262 low power states, to b 238 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
263 of _PTS is used by def 239 of _PTS is used by default).
264 nonvs prevents the ker 240 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
265 ACPI NVS memory during 241 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
266 sci_force_enable cause 242 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
267 on resume from S1/S3 ( 243 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
268 but some broken system 244 but some broken systems don't work without it).
269 nobl causes the intern 245 nobl causes the internal blacklist of systems known to
270 behave incorrectly in 246 behave incorrectly in some ways with respect to system
271 suspend and resume to 247 suspend and resume to be ignored (use wisely).
272 248
273 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI,EARLY !! 249 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
274 Use timer override. Fo 250 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
275 that require a timer o 251 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
276 252
277 add_efi_memmap [EFI,X86,EARLY] Includ !! 253 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
278 kernel's map of availa 254 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
279 255
280 agp= [AGP] 256 agp= [AGP]
281 { off | try_unsupporte 257 { off | try_unsupported }
282 off: disable AGP suppo 258 off: disable AGP support
283 try_unsupported: try t 259 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
284 (may crash com 260 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
285 261
286 ALSA [HW,ALSA] 262 ALSA [HW,ALSA]
287 See Documentation/soun 263 See Documentation/sound/alsa-configuration.rst
288 264
289 alignment= [KNL,ARM] 265 alignment= [KNL,ARM]
290 Allow the default user 266 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
291 behaviour to be specif 267 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
292 bit 1 enables fixups, 268 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
293 269
294 align_va_addr= [X86-64] 270 align_va_addr= [X86-64]
295 Align virtual addresse 271 Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when
296 allocating a VMA at pr 272 allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option
297 gives you up to 3% per 273 gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h
298 machines (where it is 274 machines (where it is enabled by default) for a
299 CPU-intensive style be 275 CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in
300 a microbenchmark depen 276 a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler.
301 277
302 32: only for 32-bit pr 278 32: only for 32-bit processes
303 64: only for 64-bit pr 279 64: only for 64-bit processes
304 on: enable for both 32 280 on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
305 off: disable for both 281 off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
306 282
307 alloc_snapshot [FTRACE] 283 alloc_snapshot [FTRACE]
308 Allocate the ftrace sn 284 Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the
309 main buffer is allocat 285 main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging
310 and you need to use tr 286 and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and
311 do not want to use tra 287 do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs
312 to be done where GFP_K 288 to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed.
313 289
314 allow_mismatched_32bit_el0 [ARM64,EARL <<
315 Allow execve() of 32-b <<
316 PER_LINUX32 personalit <<
317 subset of the CPUs sup <<
318 parameter is present, <<
319 EL0 is indicated by /s <<
320 and hot-unplug operati <<
321 <<
322 See Documentation/arch <<
323 information. <<
324 <<
325 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64] 290 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64]
326 Pass parameters to the 291 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
327 Possible values are: 292 Possible values are:
328 fullflush - Deprecated !! 293 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
>> 294 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
>> 295 flushed before they will be reused, which
>> 296 is a lot of faster
329 off - do not ini 297 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
330 the system 298 the system
331 force_isolation - Forc 299 force_isolation - Force device isolation for all
332 devi 300 devices. The IOMMU driver is not
333 allo 301 allowed anymore to lift isolation
334 requ 302 requirements as needed. This option
335 does 303 does not override iommu=pt
336 force_enable - Force e <<
337 to be b <<
338 option <<
339 pgtbl_v1 - Use v1 <<
340 pgtbl_v2 - Use v2 <<
341 irtcachedis - Disable <<
342 304
343 amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64] 305 amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64]
344 Enable AMD IOMMU drive 306 Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table
345 for AMD IOMMU. With th 307 for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU
346 driver will print ACPI 308 driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during
347 IOMMU initialization. 309 IOMMU initialization.
348 310
349 amd_iommu_intr= [HW,X86-64] 311 amd_iommu_intr= [HW,X86-64]
350 Specifies one of the f 312 Specifies one of the following AMD IOMMU interrupt
351 remapping modes: 313 remapping modes:
352 legacy - Use legac 314 legacy - Use legacy interrupt remapping mode.
353 vapic - Use virtu 315 vapic - Use virtual APIC mode, which allows IOMMU
354 to inject 316 to inject interrupts directly into guest.
355 This mode 317 This mode requires kvm-amd.avic=1.
356 (Default 318 (Default when IOMMU HW support is present.)
357 319
358 amd_pstate= [X86,EARLY] <<
359 disable <<
360 Do not enable amd_ps <<
361 scaling driver for t <<
362 passive <<
363 Use amd_pstate with <<
364 In this mode autonom <<
365 Driver requests a de <<
366 tries to match the s <<
367 satisfied by guarant <<
368 active <<
369 Use amd_pstate_epp d <<
370 driver provides a hi <<
371 to bias toward perfo <<
372 to the CPPC firmware <<
373 calculate the runtim <<
374 frequency. <<
375 guided <<
376 Activate guided auto <<
377 maximum performance <<
378 selects a performanc <<
379 to the current workl <<
380 <<
381 amd_prefcore= <<
382 [X86] <<
383 disable <<
384 Disable amd-pstate p <<
385 <<
386 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystic 320 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
387 Map of devices attache 321 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
388 Format: <a>,<b> 322 Format: <a>,<b>
389 See also Documentation 323 See also Documentation/input/joydev/joystick.rst
390 324
391 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joysti 325 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
392 Specifies type or capa 326 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
393 connected to one of 16 327 connected to one of 16 gameports
394 Format: <type1>,<type2 328 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
395 329
396 apc= [HW,SPARC] 330 apc= [HW,SPARC]
397 Power management funct 331 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
398 Format: noidle 332 Format: noidle
399 Disable APC CPU standb 333 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
400 not play well with APC 334 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
401 APC and your system cr 335 APC and your system crashes randomly.
402 336
403 apic= [APIC,X86,EARLY] Advan !! 337 apic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
404 Change the output verb 338 Change the output verbosity while booting
405 Format: { quiet (defau 339 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
406 Change the amount of d 340 Change the amount of debugging information output
407 when initialising the 341 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
408 For X86-32, this can a 342 For X86-32, this can also be used to specify an APIC
409 driver name. 343 driver name.
410 Format: apic=driver_na 344 Format: apic=driver_name
411 Examples: apic=bigsmp 345 Examples: apic=bigsmp
412 346
413 apic_extnmi= [APIC,X86,EARLY] Exter !! 347 apic_extnmi= [APIC,X86] External NMI delivery setting
414 Format: { bsp (default 348 Format: { bsp (default) | all | none }
415 bsp: External NMI is 349 bsp: External NMI is delivered only to CPU 0
416 all: External NMIs ar 350 all: External NMIs are broadcast to all CPUs as a
417 backup of CPU 0 351 backup of CPU 0
418 none: External NMI is 352 none: External NMI is masked for all CPUs. This is
419 useful so that a 353 useful so that a dump capture kernel won't be
420 shot down by NMI 354 shot down by NMI
421 355
422 autoconf= [IPV6] 356 autoconf= [IPV6]
423 See Documentation/netw !! 357 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
>> 358
>> 359 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
>> 360 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
>> 361 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
>> 362 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
>> 363 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
>> 364 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
>> 365 apic=verbose is specified.
>> 366 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
424 367
425 apm= [APM] Advanced Power M 368 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
426 See header of arch/x86 369 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
427 370
428 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or <<
429 Format: { "0" | "1" } <<
430 See security/apparmor/ <<
431 0 -- disable. <<
432 1 -- enable. <<
433 Default value is set v <<
434 <<
435 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM 371 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
436 Format: <io>,<irq>,<no 372 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
437 373
438 arm64.no32bit_el0 [ARM64] Unconditiona <<
439 32 bit applications. <<
440 <<
441 arm64.nobti [ARM64] Unconditionall <<
442 Identification support <<
443 <<
444 arm64.nomops [ARM64] Unconditionall <<
445 Set instructions suppo <<
446 <<
447 arm64.nomte [ARM64] Unconditionall <<
448 support <<
449 <<
450 arm64.nopauth [ARM64] Unconditionall <<
451 support <<
452 <<
453 arm64.nosme [ARM64] Unconditionall <<
454 Extension support <<
455 <<
456 arm64.nosve [ARM64] Unconditionall <<
457 Extension support <<
458 <<
459 ataflop= [HW,M68k] 374 ataflop= [HW,M68k]
460 375
461 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse 376 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
462 377
463 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs 378 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
464 EzKey and similar keyb 379 EzKey and similar keyboards
465 380
466 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard du 381 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
467 382
468 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard c 383 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
469 Format: <int> (2 = AT 384 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
470 385
471 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll whe 386 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
472 keyboards 387 keyboards
473 388
474 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between sy 389 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
475 Format: <bool> (0 = re 390 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
476 391
477 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW] 392 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
478 Use software keyboard 393 Use software keyboard repeat
479 394
480 audit= [KNL] Enable the audit 395 audit= [KNL] Enable the audit sub-system
481 Format: { "0" | "1" | 396 Format: { "0" | "1" | "off" | "on" }
482 0 | off - kernel audit 397 0 | off - kernel audit is disabled and can not be
483 enabled until the 398 enabled until the next reboot
484 unset - kernel audit i 399 unset - kernel audit is initialized but disabled and
485 will be fully enab 400 will be fully enabled by the userspace auditd.
486 1 | on - kernel audit 401 1 | on - kernel audit is initialized and partially
487 enabled, storing a 402 enabled, storing at most audit_backlog_limit
488 messages in RAM un 403 messages in RAM until it is fully enabled by the
489 userspace auditd. 404 userspace auditd.
490 Default: unset 405 Default: unset
491 406
492 audit_backlog_limit= [KNL] Set the aud 407 audit_backlog_limit= [KNL] Set the audit queue size limit.
493 Format: <int> (must be 408 Format: <int> (must be >=0)
494 Default: 64 409 Default: 64
495 410
496 bau= [X86_UV] Enable the BA 411 bau= [X86_UV] Enable the BAU on SGI UV. The default
497 behavior is to disable 412 behavior is to disable the BAU (i.e. bau=0).
498 Format: { "0" | "1" } 413 Format: { "0" | "1" }
499 0 - Disable the BAU. 414 0 - Disable the BAU.
500 1 - Enable the BAU. 415 1 - Enable the BAU.
501 unset - Disable the BA 416 unset - Disable the BAU.
502 417
503 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25] 418 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
504 Format: <io>,<mode> 419 Format: <io>,<mode>
505 420
506 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Paral 421 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
507 Format: <io>,<mode> 422 Format: <io>,<mode>
508 See header of drivers/ 423 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
509 424
510 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] 425 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
511 BayCom Serial Port AX. 426 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
512 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mo 427 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
513 See header of drivers/ 428 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
514 429
515 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] 430 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
516 BayCom Serial Port AX. 431 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
517 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mo 432 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
518 See header of drivers/ 433 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
519 434
520 bert_disable [ACPI] <<
521 Disable BERT OS suppor <<
522 <<
523 bgrt_disable [ACPI,X86,EARLY] <<
524 Disable BGRT to avoid <<
525 <<
526 blkdevparts= Manual partition parsi 435 blkdevparts= Manual partition parsing of block device(s) for
527 embedded devices based 436 embedded devices based on command line input.
528 See Documentation/bloc 437 See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.rst
529 438
530 boot_delay= [KNL,EARLY] !! 439 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
531 Milliseconds to delay !! 440 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
532 Only works if CONFIG_B !! 441 no delay (0).
533 and you may also have <<
534 values larger than 10 <<
535 erroneous and ignored. <<
536 Format: integer 442 Format: integer
537 443
538 bootconfig [KNL,EARLY] !! 444 bert_disable [ACPI]
539 Extended command line !! 445 Disable BERT OS support on buggy BIOSes.
540 and this will cause th <<
541 <<
542 See Documentation/admi <<
543 446
544 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + 447 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
545 bttv.radio= Most important insmod 448 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
546 kernel args too. 449 kernel args too.
547 bttv.pll= See Documentation/admi !! 450 bttv.pll= See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/bttv.rst
548 bttv.tuner= 451 bttv.tuner=
549 452
550 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter 453 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
551 firmware feature for f 454 firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
552 at a time. 455 at a time.
553 456
554 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchr 457 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
555 458
556 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override 459 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
557 Sometimes CPU hardware 460 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
558 size incorrectly. The 461 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
559 to fix known problems, 462 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
560 possible to determine 463 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
561 This option provides a 464 This option provides an override for these situations.
562 465
563 carrier_timeout= 466 carrier_timeout=
564 [NET] Specifies amount 467 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
565 the kernel should wait 468 the kernel should wait for a network carrier. By default
566 it waits 120 seconds. 469 it waits 120 seconds.
567 470
568 ca_keys= [KEYS] This parameter 471 ca_keys= [KEYS] This parameter identifies a specific key(s) on
569 the system trusted key 472 the system trusted keyring to be used for certificate
570 trust validation. 473 trust validation.
571 format: { id:<keyid> | 474 format: { id:<keyid> | builtin }
572 475
573 cca= [MIPS,EARLY] Override !! 476 cca= [MIPS] Override the kernel pages' cache coherency
574 algorithm. Accepted v 477 algorithm. Accepted values range from 0 to 7
575 inclusive. See arch/mi 478 inclusive. See arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h
576 for platform specific 479 for platform specific values (SB1, Loongson3 and
577 others). 480 others).
578 481
579 ccw_timeout_log [S390] 482 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
580 See Documentation/arch !! 483 See Documentation/s390/common_io.rst for details.
581 484
582 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a partic !! 485 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
583 Format: {name of the c !! 486 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
584 The effects of cgroup_ 487 The effects of cgroup_disable=foo are:
585 - foo isn't auto-mount 488 - foo isn't auto-mounted if you mount all cgroups in
586 a single hierarchy 489 a single hierarchy
587 - foo isn't visible as 490 - foo isn't visible as an individually mountable
588 subsystem 491 subsystem
589 - if foo is an optiona <<
590 disabled and corresp <<
591 created <<
592 {Currently only "memor 492 {Currently only "memory" controller deal with this and
593 cut the overhead, othe 493 cut the overhead, others just disable the usage. So
594 only cgroup_disable=me 494 only cgroup_disable=memory is actually worthy}
595 Specifying "pressure" <<
596 stall information acco <<
597 495
598 cgroup_no_v1= [KNL] Disable cgroup c 496 cgroup_no_v1= [KNL] Disable cgroup controllers and named hierarchies in v1
599 Format: { { controller 497 Format: { { controller | "all" | "named" }
600 [,{ controll 498 [,{ controller | "all" | "named" }...] }
601 Like cgroup_disable, b 499 Like cgroup_disable, but only applies to cgroup v1;
602 the blacklisted contro 500 the blacklisted controllers remain available in cgroup2.
603 "all" blacklists all c 501 "all" blacklists all controllers and "named" disables
604 named mounts. Specifyi 502 named mounts. Specifying both "all" and "named" disables
605 all v1 hierarchies. 503 all v1 hierarchies.
606 504
607 cgroup_favordynmods= [KNL] Enable or D <<
608 Format: { "true" | "fa <<
609 Defaults to the value <<
610 <<
611 cgroup.memory= [KNL] Pass options to 505 cgroup.memory= [KNL] Pass options to the cgroup memory controller.
612 Format: <string> 506 Format: <string>
613 nosocket -- Disable so 507 nosocket -- Disable socket memory accounting.
614 nokmem -- Disable kern 508 nokmem -- Disable kernel memory accounting.
615 nobpf -- Disable BPF m <<
616 509
617 checkreqprot= [SELINUX] Set initial !! 510 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
618 Format: { "0" | "1" } 511 Format: { "0" | "1" }
619 See security/selinux/K 512 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
620 0 -- check protection 513 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
621 any implied ex 514 any implied execute protection).
622 1 -- check protection 515 1 -- check protection requested by application.
623 Default value is set v 516 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
624 Value can be changed a 517 Value can be changed at runtime via
625 /sys/fs/selinu !! 518 /selinux/checkreqprot.
626 Setting checkreqprot t <<
627 519
628 cio_ignore= [S390] 520 cio_ignore= [S390]
629 See Documentation/arch !! 521 See Documentation/s390/common_io.rst for details.
630 <<
631 clearcpuid=X[,X...] [X86] <<
632 Disable CPUID feature <<
633 arch/x86/include/asm/c <<
634 numbers X. Note the Li <<
635 stable over kernel opt <<
636 ones should be. <<
637 X can also be a string <<
638 in /proc/cpuinfo which <<
639 instability issue. How <<
640 in /proc/cpuinfo. <<
641 Note that using this o <<
642 Also note that user pr <<
643 or using the feature w <<
644 will still see it. Thi <<
645 being used by the kern <<
646 Also note the kernel m <<
647 some critical bits. <<
648 <<
649 clk_ignore_unused 522 clk_ignore_unused
650 [CLK] 523 [CLK]
651 Prevents the clock fra 524 Prevents the clock framework from automatically gating
652 clocks that have not b 525 clocks that have not been explicitly enabled by a Linux
653 device driver but are 526 device driver but are enabled in hardware at reset or
654 by the bootloader/firm 527 by the bootloader/firmware. Note that this does not
655 force such clocks to b 528 force such clocks to be always-on nor does it reserve
656 those clocks in any wa 529 those clocks in any way. This parameter is useful for
657 debug and development, 530 debug and development, but should not be needed on a
658 platform with proper d 531 platform with proper driver support. For more
659 information, see Docum 532 information, see Documentation/driver-api/clk.rst.
660 533
661 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gett 534 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
662 [Deprecated] 535 [Deprecated]
663 Forces specified clock 536 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
664 when calculating getti 537 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
665 clocksource is not ava 538 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
666 Format: { pit | tsc | 539 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
667 540
668 clocksource= Override the default c 541 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
669 Format: <string> 542 Format: <string>
670 Override the default c 543 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
671 with the name specifie 544 with the name specified.
672 Some clocksource names 545 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
673 the platform: 546 the platform:
674 [all] jiffies (this is 547 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
675 [ACPI] acpi_pm 548 [ACPI] acpi_pm
676 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS, 549 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
677 pxa_timer,time 550 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
678 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc; 551 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
679 scx200_hrt on 552 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
680 [MIPS] MIPS 553 [MIPS] MIPS
681 [PARISC] cr16 554 [PARISC] cr16
682 [S390] tod 555 [S390] tod
683 [SH] SuperH 556 [SH] SuperH
684 [SPARC64] tick 557 [SPARC64] tick
685 [X86-64] hpet,tsc 558 [X86-64] hpet,tsc
686 559
687 clocksource.arm_arch_timer.evtstrm= 560 clocksource.arm_arch_timer.evtstrm=
688 [ARM,ARM64,EARLY] !! 561 [ARM,ARM64]
689 Format: <bool> 562 Format: <bool>
690 Enable/disable the eve 563 Enable/disable the eventstream feature of the ARM
691 architected timer so t 564 architected timer so that code using WFE-based polling
692 loops can be debugged 565 loops can be debugged more effectively on production
693 systems. 566 systems.
694 567
695 clocksource.verify_n_cpus= [KNL] !! 568 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
696 Limit the number of CP !! 569 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
697 marked with CLOCK_SOUR !! 570 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h for the valid bit
698 are marked unstable du !! 571 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
699 A negative value says !! 572 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
700 zero says not to check !! 573 ones should be.
701 nr_cpu_ids are silentl !! 574 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
702 The actual CPUs are ch !! 575 or using the feature without checking anything
703 no replacement if the !! 576 will still see it. This just prevents it from
704 !! 577 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
705 clocksource-wdtest.holdoff= [KNL] !! 578 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
706 Set the time in second !! 579 some critical bits.
707 watchdog test waits be <<
708 Defaults to zero when <<
709 10 seconds when built <<
710 580
711 cma=nn[MG]@[start[MG][-end[MG]]] 581 cma=nn[MG]@[start[MG][-end[MG]]]
712 [KNL,CMA,EARLY] !! 582 [ARM,X86,KNL]
713 Sets the size of kerne 583 Sets the size of kernel global memory area for
714 contiguous memory allo 584 contiguous memory allocations and optionally the
715 placement constraint b 585 placement constraint by the physical address range of
716 memory allocations. A 586 memory allocations. A value of 0 disables CMA
717 altogether. For more i 587 altogether. For more information, see
718 kernel/dma/contiguous. !! 588 include/linux/dma-contiguous.h
719 <<
720 cma_pernuma=nn[MG] <<
721 [KNL,CMA,EARLY] <<
722 Sets the size of kerne <<
723 contiguous memory allo <<
724 per-numa CMA altogethe <<
725 specified, the default <<
726 With per-numa CMA enab <<
727 first try to allocate <<
728 which is located in no <<
729 they will fallback to <<
730 <<
731 numa_cma=<node>:nn[MG][,<node>:nn[MG]] <<
732 [KNL,CMA,EARLY] <<
733 Sets the size of kerne <<
734 contiguous memory allo <<
735 area for the specified <<
736 <<
737 With numa CMA enabled, <<
738 first try to allocate <<
739 which is located in no <<
740 they will fallback to <<
741 589
742 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | 590 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
743 Specify whether pages 591 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
744 when they are freed. 592 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
745 to determine OS memory 593 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
746 a hypervisor. 594 a hypervisor.
747 Default: yes 595 Default: yes
748 596
749 coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL,EARLY !! 597 coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL]
750 Sets the size of memor 598 Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma
751 allocations, by defaul 599 allocations, by default set to 256K.
752 600
753 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM2 601 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
754 Format: 602 Format:
755 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[ 603 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
756 604
757 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM9 605 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
758 Format: <io>[,<irq>] 606 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
759 607
760 com90xx= [HW,NET] 608 com90xx= [HW,NET]
761 ARCnet - COM90xx chips 609 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
762 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,< 610 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
763 611
764 condev= [HW,S390] console devi 612 condev= [HW,S390] console device
765 conmode= 613 conmode=
766 614
767 con3215_drop= [S390,EARLY] 3215 cons <<
768 Format: y|n|Y|N|1|0 <<
769 When set to true, drop <<
770 the console buffer is <<
771 operator using a 3270 <<
772 x3270) does not have t <<
773 console output to adva <<
774 This leads to a much f <<
775 terminal emulator is a <<
776 emulator is used, this <<
777 <<
778 console= [KNL] Output console d 615 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
779 616
780 tty<n> Use the virtual consol 617 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
781 618
782 ttyS<n>[,options] 619 ttyS<n>[,options]
783 ttyUSB0[,options] 620 ttyUSB0[,options]
784 Use the specified seri 621 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
785 the form "bbbbpnf", wh 622 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
786 "p" is parity ("n", "o 623 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
787 bits, and "f" is flow 624 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
788 omit it). Default is 625 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
789 626
790 See Documentation/admi 627 See Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst for more
791 information. See 628 information. See
792 Documentation/networki !! 629 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
793 alternative. 630 alternative.
794 631
795 <DEVNAME>:<n>.<n>[,options] <<
796 Use the specified seri <<
797 The addressing uses DE <<
798 device, followed by th <<
799 and the serial port in <<
800 as documented for the <<
801 <<
802 The mapping of the ser <<
803 can be viewed with: <<
804 <<
805 $ ls -d /sys/bus/seria <<
806 /sys/bus/serial-base/d <<
807 <<
808 In the above example, <<
809 console=00:04:0.0. Not <<
810 way will only get adde <<
811 is ready. The use of a <<
812 the console may be des <<
813 <<
814 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options] 632 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
815 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,option 633 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
816 uart[8250],mmio16,<addr>[,opti 634 uart[8250],mmio16,<addr>[,options]
817 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,opti 635 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
818 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options] 636 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options]
819 Start an early, polled 637 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
820 UART at the specified 638 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
821 switching to the match 639 switching to the matching ttyS device later.
822 MMIO inter-register ad 640 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
823 (mmio), 16-bit (mmio16 641 (mmio), 16-bit (mmio16), or 32-bit (mmio32).
824 If none of [io|mmio|mm 642 If none of [io|mmio|mmio16|mmio32], <addr> is assumed
825 to be equivalent to 'm 643 to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified in
826 the same format descri 644 the same format described for ttyS above; if unspecified,
827 the h/w is not re-init 645 the h/w is not re-initialized.
828 646
829 hvc<n> Use the hypervisor con 647 hvc<n> Use the hypervisor console device <n>. This is for
830 both Xen and PowerPC h 648 both Xen and PowerPC hypervisors.
831 649
832 { null | "" } <<
833 Use to disable console <<
834 console messages disca <<
835 This must be the only <<
836 kernel command line. <<
837 <<
838 If the device connected to the 650 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
839 device, prepend "brl," before 651 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
840 console=brl,ttyS0 652 console=brl,ttyS0
841 For now, only VisioBraille is 653 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
842 654
843 console_msg_format= 655 console_msg_format=
844 [KNL] Change console m 656 [KNL] Change console messages format
845 default 657 default
846 By default we print me 658 By default we print messages on consoles in
847 "[time stamp] text\n" 659 "[time stamp] text\n" format (time stamp may not be
848 printed, depending on 660 printed, depending on CONFIG_PRINTK_TIME or
849 `printk_time' param). 661 `printk_time' param).
850 syslog 662 syslog
851 Switch to syslog forma 663 Switch to syslog format: "<%u>[time stamp] text\n"
852 IOW, each message will 664 IOW, each message will have a facility and loglevel
853 prefix. The format is 665 prefix. The format is similar to one used by syslog()
854 syscall, or to executi 666 syscall, or to executing "dmesg -S --raw" or to reading
855 from /proc/kmsg. 667 from /proc/kmsg.
856 668
857 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blan 669 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
858 seconds. A value of 0 670 seconds. A value of 0 disables the blank timer.
859 Defaults to 0. 671 Defaults to 0.
860 672
861 coredump_filter= 673 coredump_filter=
862 [KNL] Change the defau 674 [KNL] Change the default value for
863 /proc/<pid>/coredump_f 675 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
864 See also Documentation !! 676 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
865 677
866 coresight_cpu_debug.enable 678 coresight_cpu_debug.enable
867 [ARM,ARM64] 679 [ARM,ARM64]
868 Format: <bool> 680 Format: <bool>
869 Enable/disable the CPU 681 Enable/disable the CPU sampling based debugging.
870 0: default value, disa 682 0: default value, disable debugging
871 1: enable debugging at 683 1: enable debugging at boot time
872 684
873 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port <<
874 Format: <<
875 <first_slot>,<last_slo <<
876 <<
877 cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE] 685 cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE]
878 disable the cpuidle su 686 disable the cpuidle sub-system
879 687
880 cpuidle.governor= 688 cpuidle.governor=
881 [CPU_IDLE] Name of the 689 [CPU_IDLE] Name of the cpuidle governor to use.
882 690
883 cpufreq.off=1 [CPU_FREQ] 691 cpufreq.off=1 [CPU_FREQ]
884 disable the cpufreq su 692 disable the cpufreq sub-system
885 693
886 cpufreq.default_governor= <<
887 [CPU_FREQ] Name of the <<
888 policy to use. This go <<
889 kernel before the cpuf <<
890 <<
891 cpu_init_udelay=N 694 cpu_init_udelay=N
892 [X86,EARLY] Delay for !! 695 [X86] Delay for N microsec between assert and de-assert
893 of APIC INIT to start 696 of APIC INIT to start processors. This delay occurs
894 on every CPU online, s 697 on every CPU online, such as boot, and resume from suspend.
895 Default: 10000 698 Default: 10000
896 699
897 cpuhp.parallel= !! 700 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
898 [SMP] Enable/disable p !! 701 Format:
899 Format: <bool> !! 702 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
900 Default is enabled if <<
901 the parameter has no e <<
902 <<
903 crash_kexec_post_notifiers <<
904 Run kdump after runnin <<
905 kmsg. This only for th <<
906 succeeds in any situat <<
907 Note that this also in <<
908 because some panic not <<
909 kernel more unstable. <<
910 703
911 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]] 704 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
912 [KNL,EARLY] Using kexe !! 705 [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
913 upon panic. This param 706 upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
914 memory region [offset, 707 memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
915 image. If '@offset' is 708 image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
916 is selected automatica 709 is selected automatically.
917 [KNL, X86-64, ARM64, R !! 710 [KNL, x86_64] select a region under 4G first, and
918 under 4G first, and fa !! 711 fall back to reserve region above 4G when '@offset'
919 4G when '@offset' hasn !! 712 hasn't been specified.
920 See Documentation/admi 713 See Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst for further details.
921 714
922 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2 715 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
923 [KNL] Same as above, b 716 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
924 in the running system. 717 in the running system. The syntax of range is
925 start-[end] where star 718 start-[end] where start and end are both
926 a memory unit (amount[ 719 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
927 Documentation/admin-gu 720 Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst for an example.
928 721
929 crashkernel=size[KMG],high 722 crashkernel=size[KMG],high
930 [KNL, X86-64, ARM64, R !! 723 [KNL, x86_64] range could be above 4G. Allow kernel
931 above 4G. !! 724 to allocate physical memory region from top, so could
932 Allow kernel to alloca !! 725 be above 4G if system have more than 4G ram installed.
933 so could be above 4G i !! 726 Otherwise memory region will be allocated below 4G, if
934 installed. Otherwise m !! 727 available.
935 below 4G, if available <<
936 It will be ignored if 728 It will be ignored if crashkernel=X is specified.
937 crashkernel=size[KMG],low 729 crashkernel=size[KMG],low
938 [KNL, X86-64, ARM64, R !! 730 [KNL, x86_64] range under 4G. When crashkernel=X,high
939 When crashkernel=X,hig !! 731 is passed, kernel could allocate physical memory region
940 physical memory region !! 732 above 4G, that cause second kernel crash on system
941 crash on system that r !! 733 that require some amount of low memory, e.g. swiotlb
942 e.g. swiotlb requires !! 734 requires at least 64M+32K low memory, also enough extra
943 enough extra low memor !! 735 low memory is needed to make sure DMA buffers for 32-bit
944 for 32-bit devices won !! 736 devices won't run out. Kernel would try to allocate at
945 default size of memory !! 737 at least 256M below 4G automatically.
946 size is platform depen !! 738 This one let user to specify own low range under 4G
947 --> x86: max(swiotlb <<
948 --> arm64: 128MiB <<
949 --> riscv: 128MiB <<
950 --> loongarch: 128Mi <<
951 This one lets the user <<
952 for second kernel inst 739 for second kernel instead.
953 0: to disable low allo 740 0: to disable low allocation.
954 It will be ignored whe 741 It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used
955 or memory reserved is 742 or memory reserved is below 4G.
956 743
957 cryptomgr.notests 744 cryptomgr.notests
958 [KNL] Disable crypto s 745 [KNL] Disable crypto self-tests
959 746
960 cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET] 747 cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET]
961 Format: <dma> 748 Format: <dma>
962 749
963 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET] 750 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
964 Format: { rj45 | aui | 751 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
965 752
966 csdlock_debug= [KNL] Enable or disabl <<
967 function call handling <<
968 additional debug data <<
969 in case a hanging CPU <<
970 CPU is pinged again in <<
971 the hang situation. T <<
972 option depends on the <<
973 Kconfig option. <<
974 <<
975 dasd= [HW,NET] 753 dasd= [HW,NET]
976 See header of drivers/ 754 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
977 755
978 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem j 756 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
979 (one device per port) 757 (one device per port)
980 Format: <port#>,<type> 758 Format: <port#>,<type>
981 See also Documentation 759 See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
982 760
983 debug [KNL,EARLY] Enable ker !! 761 ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
>> 762 time. See
>> 763 Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst for
>> 764 details. Deprecated, see dyndbg.
>> 765
>> 766 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
984 767
985 debug_boot_weak_hash 768 debug_boot_weak_hash
986 [KNL,EARLY] Enable pri !! 769 [KNL] Enable printing [hashed] pointers early in the
987 boot sequence. If ena 770 boot sequence. If enabled, we use a weak hash instead
988 of siphash to hash poi 771 of siphash to hash pointers. Use this option if you are
989 seeing instances of '( 772 seeing instances of '(___ptrval___)') and need to see a
990 value (hashed pointer) 773 value (hashed pointer) instead. Cryptographically
991 insecure, please do no 774 insecure, please do not use on production kernels.
992 775
993 debug_locks_verbose= 776 debug_locks_verbose=
994 [KNL] verbose locking !! 777 [KNL] verbose self-tests
995 Format: <int> !! 778 Format=<0|1>
996 Print debugging info w 779 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
997 self-tests. 780 self-tests.
998 Bitmask for the variou !! 781 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
999 (no extra messages), s !! 782 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
1000 will print _a_lot_ mo !! 783 only useful to kernel developers.
1001 useful to lockdep dev <<
1002 784
1003 debug_objects [KNL,EARLY] Enable ob !! 785 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
>> 786
>> 787 no_debug_objects
>> 788 [KNL] Disable object debugging
1004 789
1005 debug_guardpage_minorder= 790 debug_guardpage_minorder=
1006 [KNL,EARLY] When CONF !! 791 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
1007 parameter allows cont 792 parameter allows control of the order of pages that will
1008 be intentionally kept 793 be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the
1009 buddy allocator. Bigg 794 buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability
1010 of catching random me 795 of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the
1011 amount of memory for 796 amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum
1012 possible value is MAX !! 797 possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter
1013 parameter to 1 or 2 s !! 798 to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random
1014 random memory corrupt !! 799 memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or
1015 kernel or driver code !! 800 driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
1016 from) a random memory !! 801 random memory location. Note that there exists a class
1017 a class of memory cor !! 802 of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
1018 H/W or F/W or by driv !! 803 F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
1019 (basically when memor !! 804 memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
1020 CPU MMU is bypassed) !! 805 bypassed) which are not detectable by
1021 CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLO !! 806 CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
1022 help tracking down th !! 807 tracking down these problems.
1023 808
1024 debug_pagealloc= 809 debug_pagealloc=
1025 [KNL,EARLY] When CONF !! 810 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this parameter
1026 enables the feature a 811 enables the feature at boot time. By default, it is
1027 disabled and the syst 812 disabled and the system will work mostly the same as a
1028 kernel built without 813 kernel built without CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.
1029 Note: to get most of 814 Note: to get most of debug_pagealloc error reports, it's
1030 useful to also enable 815 useful to also enable the page_owner functionality.
1031 on: enable the featur 816 on: enable the feature
1032 817
1033 debugfs= [KNL,EARLY] This para <<
1034 userspace and debugfs <<
1035 Format: { on, no-moun <<
1036 on: All functions <<
1037 no-mount: <<
1038 Filesystem is <<
1039 access APIs a <<
1040 its content. <<
1041 off: Filesystem is <<
1042 get a -EPERM <<
1043 or directorie <<
1044 This is equiv <<
1045 debugfs was n <<
1046 Default value is set <<
1047 <<
1048 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debu 818 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
1049 819
>> 820 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
>> 821 Format: <area>[,<node>]
>> 822 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
>> 823
1050 default_hugepagesz= 824 default_hugepagesz=
1051 [HW] The size of the !! 825 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
1052 the size represented !! 826 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
1053 APIs. In addition, t !! 827 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
1054 used for shmget(), mm !! 828 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
1055 filesystems. If not !! 829 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
1056 architecture's defaul !! 830 if not specified.
1057 sizes are architectur <<
1058 Documentation/admin-g <<
1059 Format: size[KMG] <<
1060 831
1061 deferred_probe_timeout= 832 deferred_probe_timeout=
1062 [KNL] Debugging optio 833 [KNL] Debugging option to set a timeout in seconds for
1063 deferred probe to giv 834 deferred probe to give up waiting on dependencies to
1064 probe. Only specific 835 probe. Only specific dependencies (subsystems or
1065 drivers) that have op !! 836 drivers) that have opted in will be ignored. A timeout of 0
1066 of 0 will timeout at !! 837 will timeout at the end of initcalls. This option will also
1067 out hasn't expired, i <<
1068 successful driver reg <<
1069 dump out devices stil 838 dump out devices still on the deferred probe list after
1070 retrying. 839 retrying.
1071 840
1072 delayacct [KNL] Enable per-task <<
1073 <<
1074 dell_smm_hwmon.ignore_dmi= <<
1075 [HW] Continue probing <<
1076 indicates that the dr <<
1077 hardware. <<
1078 <<
1079 dell_smm_hwmon.force= <<
1080 [HW] Activate driver <<
1081 not match list of sup <<
1082 blacklisted features. <<
1083 <<
1084 dell_smm_hwmon.power_status= <<
1085 [HW] Report power sta <<
1086 (disabled by default) <<
1087 <<
1088 dell_smm_hwmon.restricted= <<
1089 [HW] Allow controllin <<
1090 capability is set. <<
1091 <<
1092 dell_smm_hwmon.fan_mult= <<
1093 [HW] Factor to multip <<
1094 <<
1095 dell_smm_hwmon.fan_max= <<
1096 [HW] Maximum configur <<
1097 <<
1098 dfltcc= [HW,S390] <<
1099 Format: { on | off | <<
1100 on: s390 zlib h <<
1101 level 1 and <<
1102 off: No s390 zli <<
1103 def_only: s390 zlib h <<
1104 only (compr <<
1105 inf_only: s390 zlib h <<
1106 only (decom <<
1107 always: Same as 'on <<
1108 level alway <<
1109 <<
1110 dhash_entries= [KNL] 841 dhash_entries= [KNL]
1111 Set number of hash bu 842 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
1112 843
1113 disable_1tb_segments [PPC,EARLY] !! 844 disable_1tb_segments [PPC]
1114 Disables the use of 1 845 Disables the use of 1TB hash page table segments. This
1115 causes the kernel to 846 causes the kernel to fall back to 256MB segments which
1116 can be useful when de 847 can be useful when debugging issues that require an SLB
1117 miss to occur. 848 miss to occur.
1118 849
1119 disable= [IPV6] 850 disable= [IPV6]
1120 See Documentation/net !! 851 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
1121 852
1122 disable_radix [PPC,EARLY] !! 853 hardened_usercopy=
>> 854 [KNL] Under CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY, whether
>> 855 hardening is enabled for this boot. Hardened
>> 856 usercopy checking is used to protect the kernel
>> 857 from reading or writing beyond known memory
>> 858 allocation boundaries as a proactive defense
>> 859 against bounds-checking flaws in the kernel's
>> 860 copy_to_user()/copy_from_user() interface.
>> 861 on Perform hardened usercopy checks (default).
>> 862 off Disable hardened usercopy checks.
>> 863
>> 864 disable_radix [PPC]
1123 Disable RADIX MMU mod 865 Disable RADIX MMU mode on POWER9
1124 866
1125 disable_tlbie [PPC] 867 disable_tlbie [PPC]
1126 Disable TLBIE instruc 868 Disable TLBIE instruction. Currently does not work
1127 with KVM, with HASH M 869 with KVM, with HASH MMU, or with coherent accelerators.
1128 870
1129 disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES,EARLY] !! 871 disable_cpu_apicid= [X86,APIC,SMP]
1130 Disable Dynamic DMA W !! 872 Format: <int>
>> 873 The number of initial APIC ID for the
>> 874 corresponding CPU to be disabled at boot,
>> 875 mostly used for the kdump 2nd kernel to
>> 876 disable BSP to wake up multiple CPUs without
>> 877 causing system reset or hang due to sending
>> 878 INIT from AP to BSP.
>> 879
>> 880 perf_v4_pmi= [X86,INTEL]
>> 881 Format: <bool>
>> 882 Disable Intel PMU counter freezing feature.
>> 883 The feature only exists starting from
>> 884 Arch Perfmon v4 (Skylake and newer).
>> 885
>> 886 disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
>> 887 Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if
1131 to workaround buggy f 888 to workaround buggy firmware.
1132 889
1133 disable_ipv6= [IPV6] 890 disable_ipv6= [IPV6]
1134 See Documentation/net !! 891 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
1135 892
1136 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86,EARLY] !! 893 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
1137 The kernel tries to a 894 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
1138 to discrete, to make 895 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
1139 entry later. This par 896 entry later. This parameter disables that.
1140 897
1141 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD !! 898 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
1142 By default the kernel 899 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
1143 memory out of your av 900 memory out of your available memory pool based on
1144 MTRR settings. This 901 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
1145 possibly causing your 902 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
1146 903
1147 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86,EARLY] !! 904 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
1148 Disable PIN 1 of APIC 905 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
1149 Can be useful to work 906 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
1150 907
1151 dis_ucode_ldr [X86] Disable the mic 908 dis_ucode_ldr [X86] Disable the microcode loader.
1152 909
1153 dma_debug=off If the kernel is comp 910 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
1154 this option disables 911 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
1155 912
1156 dma_debug_entries=<number> 913 dma_debug_entries=<number>
1157 This option allows to 914 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
1158 entries for DMA-API d 915 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
1159 required per DMA-API 916 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
1160 DMA-API debugging cod 917 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
1161 architectural default 918 architectural default is too low.
1162 919
1163 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name> 920 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
1164 With this option the 921 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
1165 filter feature can be 922 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
1166 pass the driver to fi 923 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
1167 The filter can be dis 924 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
1168 driver later using sy 925 driver later using sysfs.
1169 926
1170 reg_file_data_sampling= <<
1171 [X86] Controls mitiga <<
1172 Sampling (RFDS) vulne <<
1173 vulnerability which m <<
1174 kernel data values pr <<
1175 registers, vector reg <<
1176 RFDS only affects Int <<
1177 <<
1178 on: Turns ON the <<
1179 off: Turns OFF the <<
1180 <<
1181 This parameter overri <<
1182 by CONFIG_MITIGATION_ <<
1183 disabled when other V <<
1184 are enabled. In order <<
1185 VERW based mitigation <<
1186 <<
1187 For details see: <<
1188 Documentation/admin-g <<
1189 <<
1190 driver_async_probe= [KNL] 927 driver_async_probe= [KNL]
1191 List of driver names !! 928 List of driver names to be probed asynchronously.
1192 matches with all driv <<
1193 rest of the listed dr <<
1194 match the *. <<
1195 Format: <driver_name1 929 Format: <driver_name1>,<driver_name2>...
1196 930
1197 drm.edid_firmware=[<connector>:]<file 931 drm.edid_firmware=[<connector>:]<file>[,[<connector>:]<file>]
1198 Broken monitors, grap 932 Broken monitors, graphic adapters, KVMs and EDIDless
1199 panels may send no or 933 panels may send no or incorrect EDID data sets.
1200 This parameter allows 934 This parameter allows to specify an EDID data sets
1201 in the /lib/firmware 935 in the /lib/firmware directory that are used instead.
1202 An EDID data set will !! 936 Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of
1203 connector, if its nam !! 937 edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin,
1204 the EDID name. Each c !! 938 edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given
1205 data set by separatin !! 939 and no file with the same name exists. Details and
>> 940 instructions how to build your own EDID data are
>> 941 available in Documentation/driver-api/edid.rst. An EDID
>> 942 data set will only be used for a particular connector,
>> 943 if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID
>> 944 name. Each connector may use a unique EDID data
>> 945 set by separating the files with a comma. An EDID
1206 data set with no conn 946 data set with no connector name will be used for
1207 any connectors not ex 947 any connectors not explicitly specified.
1208 948
1209 dscc4.setup= [NET] 949 dscc4.setup= [NET]
1210 950
1211 dt_cpu_ftrs= [PPC,EARLY] !! 951 dt_cpu_ftrs= [PPC]
1212 Format: {"off" | "kno 952 Format: {"off" | "known"}
1213 Control how the dt_cp 953 Control how the dt_cpu_ftrs device-tree binding is
1214 used for CPU feature 954 used for CPU feature discovery and setup (if it
1215 exists). 955 exists).
1216 off: Do not use it, f 956 off: Do not use it, fall back to legacy cpu table.
1217 known: Do not pass th 957 known: Do not pass through unknown features to guests
1218 or userspace, only th 958 or userspace, only those that the kernel is aware of.
1219 959
1220 dump_apple_properties [X86] 960 dump_apple_properties [X86]
1221 Dump name and content 961 Dump name and content of EFI device properties on
1222 x86 Macs. Useful for 962 x86 Macs. Useful for driver authors to determine
1223 what data is availabl 963 what data is available or for reverse-engineering.
1224 964
1225 dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_ 965 dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG]
1226 <module>.dyndbg[="val"] !! 966 module.dyndbg[="val"]
1227 Enable debug messages 967 Enable debug messages at boot time. See
1228 Documentation/admin-g 968 Documentation/admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.rst
1229 for details. 969 for details.
1230 970
1231 early_ioremap_debug [KNL,EARLY] !! 971 nompx [X86] Disables Intel Memory Protection Extensions.
>> 972 See Documentation/x86/intel_mpx.rst for more
>> 973 information about the feature.
>> 974
>> 975 nopku [X86] Disable Memory Protection Keys CPU feature found
>> 976 in some Intel CPUs.
>> 977
>> 978 module.async_probe [KNL]
>> 979 Enable asynchronous probe on this module.
>> 980
>> 981 early_ioremap_debug [KNL]
1232 Enable debug messages 982 Enable debug messages in early_ioremap support. This
1233 is useful for trackin 983 is useful for tracking down temporary early mappings
1234 which are not unmappe 984 which are not unmapped.
1235 985
1236 earlycon= [KNL,EARLY] Output ea !! 986 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
1237 987
1238 When used with no opt 988 When used with no options, the early console is
1239 determined by stdout- 989 determined by stdout-path property in device tree's
1240 chosen node or the AC 990 chosen node or the ACPI SPCR table if supported by
1241 the platform. 991 the platform.
1242 992
1243 cdns,<addr>[,options] 993 cdns,<addr>[,options]
1244 Start an early, polle 994 Start an early, polled-mode console on a Cadence
1245 (xuartps) serial port 995 (xuartps) serial port at the specified address. Only
1246 supported option is b 996 supported option is baud rate. If baud rate is not
1247 specified, the serial 997 specified, the serial port must already be setup and
1248 configured. 998 configured.
1249 999
1250 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options !! 1000 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
1251 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,optio !! 1001 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
1252 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,opt !! 1002 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
1253 uart[8250],mmio32be,<addr>[,o !! 1003 uart[8250],mmio32be,<addr>[,options]
1254 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options] 1004 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options]
1255 Start an early, polle 1005 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
1256 UART at the specified 1006 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
1257 MMIO inter-register a 1007 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
1258 (mmio) or 32-bit (mmi 1008 (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32 or mmio32be).
1259 If none of [io|mmio|m 1009 If none of [io|mmio|mmio32|mmio32be], <addr> is assumed
1260 to be equivalent to ' 1010 to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified
1261 in the same format de 1011 in the same format described for "console=ttyS<n>"; if
1262 unspecified, the h/w !! 1012 unspecified, the h/w is not initialized.
1263 the uart clock freque <<
1264 to 'BASE_BAUD' * 16. <<
1265 1013
1266 pl011,<addr> 1014 pl011,<addr>
1267 pl011,mmio32,<addr> 1015 pl011,mmio32,<addr>
1268 Start an early, polle 1016 Start an early, polled-mode console on a pl011 serial
1269 port at the specified 1017 port at the specified address. The pl011 serial port
1270 must already be setup 1018 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1271 yet supported. If 'm 1019 yet supported. If 'mmio32' is specified, then only
1272 the driver will use o 1020 the driver will use only 32-bit accessors to read/write
1273 the device registers. 1021 the device registers.
1274 1022
1275 liteuart,<addr> <<
1276 Start an early consol <<
1277 specified address. Th <<
1278 setup and configured. <<
1279 <<
1280 meson,<addr> 1023 meson,<addr>
1281 Start an early, polle 1024 Start an early, polled-mode console on a meson serial
1282 port at the specified 1025 port at the specified address. The serial port must
1283 already be setup and 1026 already be setup and configured. Options are not yet
1284 supported. 1027 supported.
1285 1028
1286 msm_serial,<addr> 1029 msm_serial,<addr>
1287 Start an early, polle 1030 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1288 port at the specified 1031 port at the specified address. The serial port
1289 must already be setup 1032 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1290 yet supported. 1033 yet supported.
1291 1034
1292 msm_serial_dm,<addr> 1035 msm_serial_dm,<addr>
1293 Start an early, polle 1036 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1294 dm port at the specif 1037 dm port at the specified address. The serial port
1295 must already be setup 1038 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1296 yet supported. 1039 yet supported.
1297 1040
1298 owl,<addr> 1041 owl,<addr>
1299 Start an early, polle 1042 Start an early, polled-mode console on a serial port
1300 of an Actions Semi So 1043 of an Actions Semi SoC, such as S500 or S900, at the
1301 specified address. Th 1044 specified address. The serial port must already be
1302 setup and configured. 1045 setup and configured. Options are not yet supported.
1303 1046
1304 rda,<addr> 1047 rda,<addr>
1305 Start an early, polle 1048 Start an early, polled-mode console on a serial port
1306 of an RDA Micro SoC, 1049 of an RDA Micro SoC, such as RDA8810PL, at the
1307 specified address. Th 1050 specified address. The serial port must already be
1308 setup and configured. 1051 setup and configured. Options are not yet supported.
1309 1052
1310 sbi 1053 sbi
1311 Use RISC-V SBI (Super 1054 Use RISC-V SBI (Supervisor Binary Interface) for early
1312 console. 1055 console.
1313 1056
1314 smh Use ARM semihosting c 1057 smh Use ARM semihosting calls for early console.
1315 1058
1316 s3c2410,<addr> 1059 s3c2410,<addr>
1317 s3c2412,<addr> 1060 s3c2412,<addr>
1318 s3c2440,<addr> 1061 s3c2440,<addr>
1319 s3c6400,<addr> 1062 s3c6400,<addr>
1320 s5pv210,<addr> 1063 s5pv210,<addr>
1321 exynos4210,<addr> 1064 exynos4210,<addr>
1322 Use early console pro 1065 Use early console provided by serial driver available
1323 on Samsung SoCs, requ 1066 on Samsung SoCs, requires selecting proper type and
1324 a correct base addres 1067 a correct base address of the selected UART port. The
1325 serial port must alre 1068 serial port must already be setup and configured.
1326 Options are not yet s 1069 Options are not yet supported.
1327 1070
1328 lantiq,<addr> 1071 lantiq,<addr>
1329 Start an early, polle 1072 Start an early, polled-mode console on a lantiq serial
1330 (lqasc) port at the s 1073 (lqasc) port at the specified address. The serial port
1331 must already be setup 1074 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1332 yet supported. 1075 yet supported.
1333 1076
1334 lpuart,<addr> 1077 lpuart,<addr>
1335 lpuart32,<addr> 1078 lpuart32,<addr>
1336 Use early console pro 1079 Use early console provided by Freescale LP UART driver
1337 found on Freescale Vy 1080 found on Freescale Vybrid and QorIQ LS1021A processors.
1338 A valid base address 1081 A valid base address must be provided, and the serial
1339 port must already be 1082 port must already be setup and configured.
1340 1083
1341 ec_imx21,<addr> <<
1342 ec_imx6q,<addr> <<
1343 Start an early, polle <<
1344 Freescale i.MX UART a <<
1345 must already be setup <<
1346 <<
1347 ar3700_uart,<addr> 1084 ar3700_uart,<addr>
1348 Start an early, polle 1085 Start an early, polled-mode console on the
1349 Armada 3700 serial po 1086 Armada 3700 serial port at the specified
1350 address. The serial p 1087 address. The serial port must already be setup
1351 and configured. Optio 1088 and configured. Options are not yet supported.
1352 1089
1353 qcom_geni,<addr> 1090 qcom_geni,<addr>
1354 Start an early, polle 1091 Start an early, polled-mode console on a Qualcomm
1355 Generic Interface (GE 1092 Generic Interface (GENI) based serial port at the
1356 specified address. Th 1093 specified address. The serial port must already be
1357 setup and configured. 1094 setup and configured. Options are not yet supported.
1358 1095
1359 efifb,[options] 1096 efifb,[options]
1360 Start an early, unacc 1097 Start an early, unaccelerated console on the EFI
1361 memory mapped framebu 1098 memory mapped framebuffer (if available). On cache
1362 coherent non-x86 syst 1099 coherent non-x86 systems that use system memory for
1363 the framebuffer, pass 1100 the framebuffer, pass the 'ram' option so that it is
1364 mapped with the corre 1101 mapped with the correct attributes.
1365 1102
1366 linflex,<addr> 1103 linflex,<addr>
1367 Use early console pro 1104 Use early console provided by Freescale LINFlexD UART
1368 serial driver for NXP 1105 serial driver for NXP S32V234 SoCs. A valid base
1369 address must be provi 1106 address must be provided, and the serial port must
1370 already be setup and 1107 already be setup and configured.
1371 1108
1372 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,ARM,M68k,S390 !! 1109 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,ARM,M68k,S390]
1373 earlyprintk=vga 1110 earlyprintk=vga
1374 earlyprintk=sclp 1111 earlyprintk=sclp
1375 earlyprintk=xen 1112 earlyprintk=xen
1376 earlyprintk=serial[,t 1113 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
1377 earlyprintk=serial[,0 1114 earlyprintk=serial[,0x...[,baudrate]]
1378 earlyprintk=ttySn[,ba 1115 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
1379 earlyprintk=dbgp[debu 1116 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
1380 earlyprintk=pciserial 1117 earlyprintk=pciserial[,force],bus:device.function[,baudrate]
1381 earlyprintk=xdbc[xhci 1118 earlyprintk=xdbc[xhciController#]
1382 earlyprintk=bios <<
1383 1119
1384 earlyprintk is useful 1120 earlyprintk is useful when the kernel crashes before
1385 the normal console is 1121 the normal console is initialized. It is not enabled by
1386 default because it ha 1122 default because it has some cosmetic problems.
1387 1123
1388 Append ",keep" to not 1124 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
1389 takes over. 1125 takes over.
1390 1126
1391 Only one of vga, seri !! 1127 Only one of vga, efi, serial, or usb debug port can
1392 be used at a time. 1128 be used at a time.
1393 1129
1394 Currently only ttyS0 1130 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 may be specified by
1395 name. Other I/O port 1131 name. Other I/O ports may be explicitly specified
1396 on some architectures 1132 on some architectures (x86 and arm at least) by
1397 replacing ttySn with 1133 replacing ttySn with an I/O port address, like this:
1398 earlyprintk=s 1134 earlyprintk=serial,0x1008,115200
1399 You can find the port 1135 You can find the port for a given device in
1400 /proc/tty/driver/seri 1136 /proc/tty/driver/serial:
1401 2: uart:ST166 1137 2: uart:ST16650V2 port:00001008 irq:18 ...
1402 1138
1403 Interaction with the 1139 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
1404 very good. 1140 very good.
1405 1141
1406 The VGA output is eve !! 1142 The VGA and EFI output is eventually overwritten by
1407 the real console. 1143 the real console.
1408 1144
1409 The xen option can on !! 1145 The xen output can only be used by Xen PV guests.
1410 1146
1411 The sclp output can o 1147 The sclp output can only be used on s390.
1412 1148
1413 The bios output can o <<
1414 <<
1415 The optional "force" 1149 The optional "force" to "pciserial" enables use of a
1416 PCI device even when 1150 PCI device even when its classcode is not of the
1417 UART class. 1151 UART class.
1418 1152
1419 edac_report= [HW,EDAC] Control how 1153 edac_report= [HW,EDAC] Control how to report EDAC event
1420 Format: {"on" | "off" 1154 Format: {"on" | "off" | "force"}
1421 on: enable EDAC to re 1155 on: enable EDAC to report H/W event. May be overridden
1422 by other higher prior 1156 by other higher priority error reporting module.
1423 off: disable H/W even 1157 off: disable H/W event reporting through EDAC.
1424 force: enforce the us 1158 force: enforce the use of EDAC to report H/W event.
1425 default: on. 1159 default: on.
1426 1160
>> 1161 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
>> 1162 ekgdboc=kbd
>> 1163
>> 1164 This is designed to be used in conjunction with
>> 1165 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
>> 1166
1427 edd= [EDD] 1167 edd= [EDD]
1428 Format: {"off" | "on" 1168 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
1429 1169
1430 efi= [EFI,EARLY] !! 1170 efi= [EFI]
1431 Format: { "debug", "d !! 1171 Format: { "old_map", "nochunk", "noruntime", "debug",
1432 "nochunk", !! 1172 "nosoftreserve" }
1433 "novamap", !! 1173 old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI
1434 debug: enable misc de !! 1174 runtime services mapping. 32-bit still uses this one by
1435 disable_early_pci_dma !! 1175 default.
1436 PCI bridges while in <<
1437 nochunk: disable read 1176 nochunk: disable reading files in "chunks" in the EFI
1438 boot stub, as chunkin 1177 boot stub, as chunking can cause problems with some
1439 firmware implementati 1178 firmware implementations.
1440 noruntime : disable E 1179 noruntime : disable EFI runtime services support
>> 1180 debug: enable misc debug output
1441 nosoftreserve: The EF 1181 nosoftreserve: The EFI_MEMORY_SP (Specific Purpose)
1442 attribute may cause t 1182 attribute may cause the kernel to reserve the
1443 memory range for a me 1183 memory range for a memory mapping driver to
1444 claim. Specify efi=no 1184 claim. Specify efi=nosoftreserve to disable this
1445 reservation and treat 1185 reservation and treat the memory by its base type
1446 (i.e. EFI_CONVENTIONA 1186 (i.e. EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY / "System RAM").
1447 novamap: do not call <<
1448 no_disable_early_pci_ <<
1449 on all PCI bridges wh <<
1450 1187
1451 efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI,X86,EARL !! 1188 efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86]
1452 Using this parameter 1189 Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of
1453 your efi variable sto 1190 your efi variable storage. Use this parameter only if
1454 you are really sure t 1191 you are really sure that your UEFI does sane gc and
1455 fulfills the spec oth 1192 fulfills the spec otherwise your board may brick.
1456 1193
>> 1194 efi_fake_mem= nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa[,nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa,..] [EFI; X86]
>> 1195 Add arbitrary attribute to specific memory range by
>> 1196 updating original EFI memory map.
>> 1197 Region of memory which aa attribute is added to is
>> 1198 from ss to ss+nn.
>> 1199
>> 1200 If efi_fake_mem=2G@4G:0x10000,2G@0x10a0000000:0x10000
>> 1201 is specified, EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE(0x10000)
>> 1202 attribute is added to range 0x100000000-0x180000000 and
>> 1203 0x10a0000000-0x1120000000.
>> 1204
>> 1205 If efi_fake_mem=8G@9G:0x40000 is specified, the
>> 1206 EFI_MEMORY_SP(0x40000) attribute is added to
>> 1207 range 0x240000000-0x43fffffff.
>> 1208
>> 1209 Using this parameter you can do debugging of EFI memmap
>> 1210 related features. For example, you can do debugging of
>> 1211 Address Range Mirroring feature even if your box
>> 1212 doesn't support it, or mark specific memory as
>> 1213 "soft reserved".
>> 1214
1457 efivar_ssdt= [EFI; X86] Name of an 1215 efivar_ssdt= [EFI; X86] Name of an EFI variable that contains an SSDT
1458 that is to be dynamic 1216 that is to be dynamically loaded by Linux. If there are
1459 multiple variables wi 1217 multiple variables with the same name but with different
1460 vendor GUIDs, all of 1218 vendor GUIDs, all of them will be loaded. See
1461 Documentation/admin-g 1219 Documentation/admin-guide/acpi/ssdt-overlays.rst for details.
1462 1220
1463 1221
1464 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW] 1222 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
1465 See header of drivers 1223 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
1466 1224
1467 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB,EARLY] Allo <<
1468 Format: ekgdboc=kbd <<
1469 <<
1470 This is designed to b <<
1471 the boot argument: ea <<
1472 <<
1473 This parameter works <<
1474 but can only be used <<
1475 very early in the boo <<
1476 via a serial port see <<
1477 <<
1478 elanfreq= [X86-32] 1225 elanfreq= [X86-32]
1479 See comment before fu 1226 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
1480 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/c 1227 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
1481 1228
1482 elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [P !! 1229 elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390]
1483 Specifies physical ad 1230 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
1484 image elf header and 1231 image elf header and optionally the size. Generally
1485 kexec loader will pas 1232 kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel.
1486 See Documentation/adm 1233 See Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst for details.
1487 1234
1488 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86,EARLY] !! 1235 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
1489 The kernel tries to a 1236 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
1490 to discrete, to make 1237 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
1491 entry later. This par 1238 entry later. This parameter enables that.
1492 1239
1493 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86] 1240 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
1494 Enable PIN 1 of APIC 1241 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
1495 Can be useful to work 1242 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
1496 (in particular on som 1243 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
1497 The kernel tries to s 1244 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
1498 1245
1499 enforcing= [SELINUX] Set initial !! 1246 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
1500 Format: {"0" | "1"} 1247 Format: {"0" | "1"}
1501 See security/selinux/ 1248 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1502 0 -- permissive (log 1249 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
1503 1 -- enforcing (deny 1250 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
1504 Default value is 0. 1251 Default value is 0.
1505 Value can be changed !! 1252 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
1506 /sys/fs/selinux/enfor <<
1507 1253
1508 erst_disable [ACPI] 1254 erst_disable [ACPI]
1509 Disable Error Record 1255 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
1510 support. 1256 support.
1511 1257
1512 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet car 1258 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
1513 This option is obsole 1259 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
1514 has equivalent usage. 1260 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
1515 1261
1516 evm= [EVM] 1262 evm= [EVM]
1517 Format: { "fix" } 1263 Format: { "fix" }
1518 Permit 'security.evm' 1264 Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of
1519 current integrity sta 1265 current integrity status.
1520 1266
1521 early_page_ext [KNL,EARLY] Enforces p <<
1522 stages so cover more <<
1523 Please note that as s <<
1524 might be disabled to <<
1525 memory initialization <<
1526 might take longer, es <<
1527 memory. Available wit <<
1528 <<
1529 failslab= 1267 failslab=
1530 fail_usercopy= <<
1531 fail_page_alloc= 1268 fail_page_alloc=
1532 fail_make_request=[KNL] 1269 fail_make_request=[KNL]
1533 General fault injecti 1270 General fault injection mechanism.
1534 Format: <interval>,<p 1271 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
1535 See also Documentatio 1272 See also Documentation/fault-injection/.
1536 1273
1537 fb_tunnels= [NET] <<
1538 Format: { initns | no <<
1539 See Documentation/adm <<
1540 fb_tunnels_only_for_i <<
1541 <<
1542 floppy= [HW] 1274 floppy= [HW]
1543 See Documentation/adm 1275 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/floppy.rst.
1544 1276
>> 1277 force_pal_cache_flush
>> 1278 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
>> 1279 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
>> 1280 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
>> 1281 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
>> 1282
1545 forcepae [X86-32] 1283 forcepae [X86-32]
1546 Forcefully enable Phy 1284 Forcefully enable Physical Address Extension (PAE).
1547 Many Pentium M system 1285 Many Pentium M systems disable PAE but may have a
1548 functionally usable P 1286 functionally usable PAE implementation.
1549 Warning: use of this 1287 Warning: use of this parameter will taint the kernel
1550 and may cause unknown 1288 and may cause unknown problems.
1551 1289
1552 fred= [X86-64] <<
1553 Enable/disable Flexib <<
1554 Format: { on | off } <<
1555 on: enable FRED when <<
1556 off: disable FRED, th <<
1557 <<
1558 ftrace=[tracer] 1290 ftrace=[tracer]
1559 [FTRACE] will set and 1291 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
1560 as early as possible 1292 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
1561 boot debugging. 1293 boot debugging.
1562 1294
1563 ftrace_boot_snapshot !! 1295 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
1564 [FTRACE] On boot up, <<
1565 ftrace ring buffer th <<
1566 /sys/kernel/tracing/s <<
1567 This is useful if you <<
1568 boot up that is likel <<
1569 start up functionalit <<
1570 <<
1571 Optionally, the snaps <<
1572 instance that was cre <<
1573 line parameter. <<
1574 <<
1575 trace_instance=foo,sc <<
1576 <<
1577 The above will cause <<
1578 a snapshot at the end <<
1579 <<
1580 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=2(orig_cpu) | =< <<
1581 ,<instance>=2(orig_ <<
1582 [FTRACE] will dump th 1296 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
1583 If no parameter is pa !! 1297 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
1584 buffers of all CPUs, !! 1298 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
1585 will dump only the bu !! 1299 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
1586 the oops, or the spec !! 1300 oops.
1587 its name is passed. M <<
1588 supported, and instan <<
1589 instance supports onl <<
1590 oops by passing 2 or <<
1591 <<
1592 ftrace_dump_on_oops=f <<
1593 <<
1594 The above will dump o <<
1595 on CPU that triggered <<
1596 <<
1597 ftrace_dump_on_oops,f <<
1598 <<
1599 The above will dump g <<
1600 buffer of "foo" insta <<
1601 of "bar" instance on <<
1602 1301
1603 ftrace_filter=[function-list] 1302 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
1604 [FTRACE] Limit the fu 1303 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
1605 tracer at boot up. fu !! 1304 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
1606 list of functions. Th 1305 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
1607 time by the set_ftrac 1306 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
1608 tracing directory. 1307 tracing directory.
1609 1308
1610 ftrace_notrace=[function-list] 1309 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
1611 [FTRACE] Do not trace 1310 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
1612 function-list. This l 1311 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
1613 by the set_ftrace_not 1312 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
1614 tracing directory. 1313 tracing directory.
1615 1314
1616 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list] 1315 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
1617 [FTRACE] Limit the to 1316 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
1618 by the function graph 1317 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
1619 function-list is a co !! 1318 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
1620 that can be changed a 1319 that can be changed at run time by the
1621 set_graph_function fi 1320 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
1622 1321
1623 ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list] 1322 ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list]
1624 [FTRACE] Do not trace 1323 [FTRACE] Do not trace from the functions specified in
1625 function-list. This !! 1324 function-list. This list is a comma separated list of
1626 functions that can be 1325 functions that can be changed at run time by the
1627 set_graph_notrace fil 1326 set_graph_notrace file in the debugfs tracing directory.
1628 1327
1629 ftrace_graph_max_depth=<uint> 1328 ftrace_graph_max_depth=<uint>
1630 [FTRACE] Used with th 1329 [FTRACE] Used with the function graph tracer. This is
1631 the max depth it will 1330 the max depth it will trace into a function. This value
1632 can be changed at run 1331 can be changed at run time by the max_graph_depth file
1633 in the tracefs tracin 1332 in the tracefs tracing directory. default: 0 (no limit)
1634 1333
1635 fw_devlink= [KNL,EARLY] Create de <<
1636 devices by scanning t <<
1637 consumer/supplier rel <<
1638 especially useful whe <<
1639 it ensures proper ord <<
1640 (suppliers first, the <<
1641 clean up (only after <<
1642 suspend/resume & runt <<
1643 suppliers). <<
1644 Format: { off | permi <<
1645 off -- Don't create <<
1646 permissive -- Create <<
1647 but use it on <<
1648 up (sync_stat <<
1649 on -- Create device <<
1650 to enforce pr <<
1651 rpm -- Like "on", bu <<
1652 <<
1653 fw_devlink.strict=<bool> <<
1654 [KNL,EARLY] Treat all <<
1655 dependencies. This on <<
1656 Format: <bool> <<
1657 <<
1658 fw_devlink.sync_state = <<
1659 [KNL,EARLY] When all <<
1660 probing, this paramet <<
1661 devices that haven't <<
1662 calls. <<
1663 Format: { strict | ti <<
1664 strict -- Default. Co <<
1665 probe success <<
1666 timeout -- Give up wa <<
1667 sync_state() <<
1668 received thei <<
1669 deferred_prob <<
1670 late_initcall <<
1671 <<
1672 gamecon.map[2|3]= 1334 gamecon.map[2|3]=
1673 [HW,JOY] Multisystem 1335 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
1674 support via parallel 1336 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
1675 Format: <port#>,<pad1 1337 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
1676 See also Documentatio 1338 See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
1677 1339
1678 gamma= [HW,DRM] 1340 gamma= [HW,DRM]
1679 1341
1680 gart_fix_e820= [X86-64,EARLY] disabl !! 1342 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
1681 Format: off | on 1343 Format: off | on
1682 default: on 1344 default: on
1683 1345
1684 gather_data_sampling= <<
1685 [X86,INTEL,EARLY] Con <<
1686 mitigation. <<
1687 <<
1688 Gather Data Sampling <<
1689 allows unprivileged s <<
1690 previously stored in <<
1691 <<
1692 This issue is mitigat <<
1693 The mitigation may ha <<
1694 disabled. On systems <<
1695 disabling AVX serves <<
1696 <<
1697 force: Disable AVX t <<
1698 microcode mit <<
1699 mitigation is <<
1700 userspace wit <<
1701 <<
1702 off: Disable GDS m <<
1703 <<
1704 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero 1346 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
1705 kernel modules is sav 1347 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
1706 debugfs, even when th 1348 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
1707 When zero, profiling 1349 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
1708 debugfs files are rem 1350 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
1709 1351
1710 goldfish [X86] Enable the gold 1352 goldfish [X86] Enable the goldfish android emulator platform.
1711 Don't use this when y 1353 Don't use this when you are not running on the
1712 android emulator 1354 android emulator
1713 1355
1714 gpio-mockup.gpio_mockup_ranges <<
1715 [HW] Sets the ranges <<
1716 Format: <start1>,<end <<
1717 gpio-mockup.gpio_mockup_named_lines <<
1718 [HW] Let the driver k <<
1719 <<
1720 gpt [EFI] Forces disk wit 1356 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
1721 invalid Protective MB 1357 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT. If the
1722 primary GPT is corrup 1358 primary GPT is corrupted, it enables the backup/alternate
1723 GPT to be used instea 1359 GPT to be used instead.
1724 1360
1725 grcan.enable0= [HW] Configuration of 1361 grcan.enable0= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 0. Determines
1726 the "Enable 0" bit of 1362 the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
1727 Format: 0 | 1 1363 Format: 0 | 1
1728 Default: 0 1364 Default: 0
1729 grcan.enable1= [HW] Configuration of 1365 grcan.enable1= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 1. Determines
1730 the "Enable 0" bit of 1366 the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
1731 Format: 0 | 1 1367 Format: 0 | 1
1732 Default: 0 1368 Default: 0
1733 grcan.select= [HW] Select which phy 1369 grcan.select= [HW] Select which physical interface to use.
1734 Format: 0 | 1 1370 Format: 0 | 1
1735 Default: 0 1371 Default: 0
1736 grcan.txsize= [HW] Sets the size of 1372 grcan.txsize= [HW] Sets the size of the tx buffer.
1737 Format: <unsigned int 1373 Format: <unsigned int> such that (txsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
1738 Default: 1024 1374 Default: 1024
1739 grcan.rxsize= [HW] Sets the size of 1375 grcan.rxsize= [HW] Sets the size of the rx buffer.
1740 Format: <unsigned int 1376 Format: <unsigned int> such that (rxsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
1741 Default: 1024 1377 Default: 1024
1742 1378
1743 hardened_usercopy= !! 1379 gpio-mockup.gpio_mockup_ranges
1744 [KNL] Under CONFIG_HA !! 1380 [HW] Sets the ranges of gpiochip of for this device.
1745 hardening is enabled !! 1381 Format: <start1>,<end1>,<start2>,<end2>...
1746 usercopy checking is <<
1747 from reading or writi <<
1748 allocation boundaries <<
1749 against bounds-checki <<
1750 copy_to_user()/copy_f <<
1751 on Perform hardened user <<
1752 off Disable hardened user <<
1753 1382
1754 hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace= 1383 hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=
1755 [KNL] Should the hard 1384 [KNL] Should the hard-lockup detector generate
1756 backtraces on all cpu 1385 backtraces on all cpus.
1757 Format: 0 | 1 !! 1386 Format: <integer>
1758 1387
1759 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hash 1388 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
1760 are distributed acros 1389 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
1761 for 64-bit NUMA, off 1390 for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise.
1762 Format: 0 | 1 (for of 1391 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
1763 1392
>> 1393 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
>> 1394
1764 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard dr 1395 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
1765 Format: <cyl>,<head>, 1396 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
1766 1397
1767 hest_disable [ACPI] 1398 hest_disable [ACPI]
1768 Disable Hardware Erro 1399 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
1769 corresponding firmwar 1400 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
1770 logic will be disable 1401 logic will be disabled.
1771 1402
1772 hibernate= [HIBERNATION] !! 1403 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
1773 noresume Don't check i <<
1774 present durin <<
1775 nocompress Don't compres <<
1776 no Disable hiber <<
1777 protect_image Turn on image <<
1778 (that will se <<
1779 during restor <<
1780 <<
1781 hibernate.compressor= [HIBERNATION] <<
1782 used with hib <<
1783 Format: { lzo <<
1784 Default: lzo <<
1785 <<
1786 lzo: Select L <<
1787 compress/deco <<
1788 <<
1789 lz4: Select L <<
1790 compress/deco <<
1791 <<
1792 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,EARLY] forc <<
1793 size of <nn>. This wo 1404 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
1794 highmem otherwise. Th 1405 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
1795 size on bigger boxes. 1406 size on bigger boxes.
1796 1407
1797 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable 1408 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
1798 Valid parameters: "on 1409 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
1799 Default: "on" 1410 Default: "on"
1800 1411
1801 hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] 1412 hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH]
1802 1413
1803 hostname= [KNL,EARLY] Set the h <<
1804 Format: <string> <<
1805 This allows setting t <<
1806 startup. This sets th <<
1807 Using this parameter <<
1808 possible to ensure th <<
1809 any userspace process <<
1810 that a process may ca <<
1811 has been explicitly s <<
1812 process getting an in <<
1813 not exceed the maximu <<
1814 64 characters) and wi <<
1815 <<
1816 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option 1414 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
1817 Format: { enable (def 1415 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
1818 verbose } 1416 verbose }
1819 disable: disable HPET 1417 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
1820 force: allow force en 1418 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
1821 VIA, nVidia) 1419 VIA, nVidia)
1822 verbose: show content 1420 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
1823 1421
1824 hpet_mmap= [X86, HPET_MMAP] Allo 1422 hpet_mmap= [X86, HPET_MMAP] Allow userspace to mmap HPET
1825 registers. Default s 1423 registers. Default set by CONFIG_HPET_MMAP_DEFAULT.
1826 1424
1827 hugepages= [HW] Number of HugeTL !! 1425 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
1828 If this follows hugep !! 1426 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
1829 the number of pages o !! 1427 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
1830 If this is the first !! 1428 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
1831 line, it specifies th !! 1429 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
1832 the default huge page !! 1430 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
1833 number of pages to al !! 1431 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag).
1834 See also Documentatio <<
1835 Format: <integer> or <<
1836 <node>:<integ <<
1837 <<
1838 hugepagesz= <<
1839 [HW] The size of the <<
1840 conjunction with huge <<
1841 pages of a specific s <<
1842 hugepagesz=X hugepage <<
1843 each supported huge p <<
1844 architecture dependen <<
1845 Documentation/admin-g <<
1846 Format: size[KMG] <<
1847 <<
1848 hugetlb_cma= [HW,CMA,EARLY] The si <<
1849 of gigantic hugepages <<
1850 of a CMA area per nod <<
1851 Format: nn[KMGTPE] or <<
1852 <node>:nn[KMG <<
1853 <<
1854 Reserve a CMA area of <<
1855 hugepages using the C <<
1856 boot-time allocation <<
1857 <<
1858 hugetlb_free_vmemmap= <<
1859 [KNL] Requires CONFIG <<
1860 enabled. <<
1861 Control if HugeTLB Vm <<
1862 Allows heavy hugetlb <<
1863 memory (7 * PAGE_SIZE <<
1864 Format: { on | off (d <<
1865 <<
1866 on: enable HVO <<
1867 off: disable HVO <<
1868 <<
1869 Built with CONFIG_HUG <<
1870 the default is on. <<
1871 <<
1872 Note that the vmemmap <<
1873 memory block itself w <<
1874 enabled, those vmemma <<
1875 feature is enabled. <<
1876 the added memory bloc <<
1877 1432
1878 hung_task_panic= 1433 hung_task_panic=
1879 [KNL] Should the hung 1434 [KNL] Should the hung task detector generate panics.
1880 Format: 0 | 1 !! 1435 Format: <integer>
1881 1436
1882 A value of 1 instruct !! 1437 A nonzero value instructs the kernel to panic when a
1883 hung task is detected 1438 hung task is detected. The default value is controlled
1884 by the CONFIG_BOOTPAR 1439 by the CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HUNG_TASK_PANIC build-time
1885 option. The value sel 1440 option. The value selected by this boot parameter can
1886 be changed later by t 1441 be changed later by the kernel.hung_task_panic sysctl.
1887 1442
1888 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/V 1443 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
1889 terminal devi 1444 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
1890 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separat 1445 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
1891 If specified, 1446 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
1892 from listed z 1447 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
1893 1448
1894 hv_nopvspin [X86,HYPER_V,EARLY] !! 1449 hv_nopvspin [X86,HYPER_V] Disables the paravirt spinlock optimizations
1895 Disables the paravirt !! 1450 which allow the hypervisor to 'idle' the
1896 which allow the hyper !! 1451 guest on lock contention.
1897 on lock contention. !! 1452
>> 1453 keep_bootcon [KNL]
>> 1454 Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only
>> 1455 useful for debugging when something happens in the window
>> 1456 between unregistering the boot console and initializing
>> 1457 the real console.
1898 1458
1899 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the 1459 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
1900 or register a 1460 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
1901 registered fr 1461 registered from board initialization code.
1902 Format: 1462 Format:
1903 <bus_id>,<clk 1463 <bus_id>,<clkrate>
1904 1464
1905 i2c_touchscreen_props= [HW,ACPI,X86] <<
1906 Set device-properties <<
1907 touchscreen, to e.g. <<
1908 mounted touchscreens. <<
1909 submit a drivers/plat <<
1910 adding a DMI quirk fo <<
1911 <<
1912 Format: <<
1913 <ACPI_HW_ID>:<prop_na <<
1914 Where <val> is one of <<
1915 Omit "=<val>" entirel <<
1916 Unsigned number <<
1917 Anything else <<
1918 <<
1919 Examples (split over <<
1920 i2c_touchscreen_props <<
1921 touchscreen-inverted- <<
1922 <<
1923 i2c_touchscreen_props <<
1924 touchscreen-size-y=10 <<
1925 firmware-name=gsl1680 <<
1926 <<
1927 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 deb 1465 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
1928 i8042.unmask_kbd_data 1466 i8042.unmask_kbd_data
1929 [HW] Enable printing 1467 [HW] Enable printing of interrupt data from the KBD port
1930 (disabled by def 1468 (disabled by default, and as a pre-condition
1931 requires that i8 1469 requires that i8042.debug=1 be enabled)
1932 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard por 1470 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
1933 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that con 1471 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
1934 keyboard and can 1472 keyboard and cannot control its state
1935 (Don't attempt t 1473 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
1936 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for 1474 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
1937 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/crea 1475 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
1938 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX 1476 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
1939 for the AUX port 1477 for the AUX port
1940 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check pres 1478 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
1941 controller 1479 controller
1942 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPn 1480 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
1943 controllers 1481 controllers
1944 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout c 1482 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller
1945 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the contro 1483 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init, cleanup and
1946 suspend-to-ram t 1484 suspend-to-ram transitions, only during s2r
1947 transitions, or 1485 transitions, or never reset
1948 Format: { 1 | Y | y | 1486 Format: { 1 | Y | y | 0 | N | n }
1949 1, Y, y: always reset 1487 1, Y, y: always reset controller
1950 0, N, n: don't ever r 1488 0, N, n: don't ever reset controller
1951 Default: only on s2r 1489 Default: only on s2r transitions on x86; most other
1952 architectures force r 1490 architectures force reset to be always executed
1953 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) 1491 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
1954 i8042.kbdreset [HW] Reset device con 1492 i8042.kbdreset [HW] Reset device connected to KBD port
1955 i8042.probe_defer <<
1956 [HW] Allow deferred p <<
1957 1493
1958 i810= [HW,DRM] 1494 i810= [HW,DRM]
1959 1495
>> 1496 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
>> 1497 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
>> 1498 hardware.
>> 1499 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
>> 1500 does not match list of supported models.
>> 1501 i8k.power_status
>> 1502 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
>> 1503 (disabled by default)
>> 1504 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
>> 1505 capability is set.
>> 1506
1960 i915.invert_brightness= 1507 i915.invert_brightness=
1961 [DRM] Invert the sens 1508 [DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to
1962 set the brightness of 1509 set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a
1963 brightness value of 0 1510 brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off,
1964 and the maximum of th 1511 and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight
1965 to maximum brightness 1512 to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0
1966 (default) and the mac 1513 (default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter
1967 is set to 1, a bright 1514 is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight
1968 to maximum brightness 1515 to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness
1969 value switches the ba 1516 value switches the backlight off.
1970 -1 -- never invert br 1517 -1 -- never invert brightness
1971 0 -- machine default 1518 0 -- machine default
1972 1 -- force brightnes 1519 1 -- force brightness inversion
1973 1520
1974 ia32_emulation= [X86-64] <<
1975 Format: <bool> <<
1976 When true, allows loa <<
1977 syscalls, essentially <<
1978 boot time. When false <<
1979 <<
1980 icn= [HW,ISDN] 1521 icn= [HW,ISDN]
1981 Format: <io>[,<membas 1522 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
1982 1523
>> 1524 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
>> 1525 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
>> 1526 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
>> 1527 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
>> 1528 See Documentation/ide/ide.rst.
1983 1529
1984 idle= [X86,EARLY] !! 1530 ide-generic.probe-mask= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
>> 1531 Format: <int>
>> 1532 Probe mask for legacy ISA IDE ports. Depending on
>> 1533 platform up to 6 ports are supported, enabled by
>> 1534 setting corresponding bits in the mask to 1. The
>> 1535 default value is 0x0, which has a special meaning.
>> 1536 On systems that have PCI, it triggers scanning the
>> 1537 PCI bus for the first and the second port, which
>> 1538 are then probed. On systems without PCI the value
>> 1539 of 0x0 enables probing the two first ports as if it
>> 1540 was 0x3.
>> 1541
>> 1542 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
>> 1543 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
>> 1544
>> 1545 idle= [X86]
1985 Format: idle=poll, id 1546 Format: idle=poll, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
1986 Poll forces a polling 1547 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
1987 improve the performan 1548 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
1988 will use a lot of pow 1549 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
1989 Not recommended. 1550 Not recommended.
1990 idle=halt: Halt is fo 1551 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
1991 In such case C2/C3 wo 1552 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
1992 idle=nomwait: Disable 1553 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
1993 1554
1994 idxd.sva= [HW] <<
1995 Format: <bool> <<
1996 Allow force disabling <<
1997 support for the idxd <<
1998 true (1). <<
1999 <<
2000 idxd.tc_override= [HW] <<
2001 Format: <bool> <<
2002 Allow override of def <<
2003 for the device. By de <<
2004 <<
2005 ieee754= [MIPS] Select IEEE St 1555 ieee754= [MIPS] Select IEEE Std 754 conformance mode
2006 Format: { strict | le !! 1556 Format: { strict | legacy | 2008 | relaxed }
2007 Default: strict 1557 Default: strict
2008 1558
2009 Choose which programs 1559 Choose which programs will be accepted for execution
2010 based on the IEEE 754 1560 based on the IEEE 754 NaN encoding(s) supported by
2011 the FPU and the NaN e 1561 the FPU and the NaN encoding requested with the value
2012 of an ELF file header 1562 of an ELF file header flag individually set by each
2013 binary. Hardware imp 1563 binary. Hardware implementations are permitted to
2014 support either or bot 1564 support either or both of the legacy and the 2008 NaN
2015 encoding mode. 1565 encoding mode.
2016 1566
2017 Available settings ar 1567 Available settings are as follows:
2018 strict accept binari 1568 strict accept binaries that request a NaN encoding
2019 supported by 1569 supported by the FPU
2020 legacy only accept l 1570 legacy only accept legacy-NaN binaries, if supported
2021 by the FPU 1571 by the FPU
2022 2008 only accept 2 1572 2008 only accept 2008-NaN binaries, if supported
2023 by the FPU 1573 by the FPU
2024 relaxed accept any bi 1574 relaxed accept any binaries regardless of whether
2025 supported by 1575 supported by the FPU
2026 emulated accept any b <<
2027 if binary mod <<
2028 1576
2029 The FPU emulator is a 1577 The FPU emulator is always able to support both NaN
2030 encodings, so if no F 1578 encodings, so if no FPU hardware is present or it has
2031 been disabled with 'n 1579 been disabled with 'nofpu', then the settings of
2032 'legacy' and '2008' s 1580 'legacy' and '2008' strap the emulator accordingly,
2033 'relaxed' straps the 1581 'relaxed' straps the emulator for both legacy-NaN and
2034 2008-NaN, whereas 'st 1582 2008-NaN, whereas 'strict' enables legacy-NaN only on
2035 legacy processors and 1583 legacy processors and both NaN encodings on MIPS32 or
2036 MIPS64 CPUs. 1584 MIPS64 CPUs.
2037 1585
2038 The setting for ABS.f 1586 The setting for ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt instruction execution
2039 mode generally follow 1587 mode generally follows that for the NaN encoding,
2040 except where unsuppor 1588 except where unsupported by hardware.
2041 1589
2042 ignore_loglevel [KNL,EARLY] !! 1590 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
2043 Ignore loglevel setti 1591 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
2044 kernel messages to th 1592 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
2045 We also add it as pri 1593 We also add it as printk module parameter, so users
2046 could change it dynam 1594 could change it dynamically, usually by
2047 /sys/module/printk/pa 1595 /sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel.
2048 1596
2049 ignore_rlimit_data 1597 ignore_rlimit_data
2050 Ignore RLIMIT_DATA se 1598 Ignore RLIMIT_DATA setting for data mappings,
2051 print warning at firs 1599 print warning at first misuse. Can be changed via
2052 /sys/module/kernel/pa 1600 /sys/module/kernel/parameters/ignore_rlimit_data.
2053 1601
2054 ihash_entries= [KNL] 1602 ihash_entries= [KNL]
2055 Set number of hash bu 1603 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
2056 1604
2057 ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integr 1605 ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integrity measurements
2058 Format: { "off" | "en 1606 Format: { "off" | "enforce" | "fix" | "log" }
2059 default: "enforce" 1607 default: "enforce"
2060 1608
2061 ima_appraise_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. U 1609 ima_appraise_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Use ima_policy= instead.
2062 The builtin appraise 1610 The builtin appraise policy appraises all files
2063 owned by uid=0. 1611 owned by uid=0.
2064 1612
2065 ima_canonical_fmt [IMA] 1613 ima_canonical_fmt [IMA]
2066 Use the canonical for 1614 Use the canonical format for the binary runtime
2067 measurements, instead 1615 measurements, instead of host native format.
2068 1616
2069 ima_hash= [IMA] 1617 ima_hash= [IMA]
2070 Format: { md5 | sha1 1618 Format: { md5 | sha1 | rmd160 | sha256 | sha384
2071 | sha512 | 1619 | sha512 | ... }
2072 default: "sha1" 1620 default: "sha1"
2073 1621
2074 The list of supported 1622 The list of supported hash algorithms is defined
2075 in crypto/hash_info.h 1623 in crypto/hash_info.h.
2076 1624
2077 ima_policy= [IMA] 1625 ima_policy= [IMA]
2078 The builtin policies 1626 The builtin policies to load during IMA setup.
2079 Format: "tcb | apprai 1627 Format: "tcb | appraise_tcb | secure_boot |
2080 fail_securel !! 1628 fail_securely"
2081 1629
2082 The "tcb" policy meas 1630 The "tcb" policy measures all programs exec'd, files
2083 mmap'd for exec, and 1631 mmap'd for exec, and all files opened with the read
2084 mode bit set by eithe 1632 mode bit set by either the effective uid (euid=0) or
2085 uid=0. 1633 uid=0.
2086 1634
2087 The "appraise_tcb" po 1635 The "appraise_tcb" policy appraises the integrity of
2088 all files owned by ro 1636 all files owned by root.
2089 1637
2090 The "secure_boot" pol 1638 The "secure_boot" policy appraises the integrity
2091 of files (eg. kexec k 1639 of files (eg. kexec kernel image, kernel modules,
2092 firmware, policy, etc 1640 firmware, policy, etc) based on file signatures.
2093 1641
2094 The "fail_securely" p 1642 The "fail_securely" policy forces file signature
2095 verification failure 1643 verification failure also on privileged mounted
2096 filesystems with the 1644 filesystems with the SB_I_UNVERIFIABLE_SIGNATURE
2097 flag. 1645 flag.
2098 1646
2099 The "critical_data" p <<
2100 critical data. <<
2101 <<
2102 ima_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Us 1647 ima_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Use ima_policy= instead.
2103 Load a policy which m 1648 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
2104 Computing Base. This 1649 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
2105 programs exec'd, file 1650 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
2106 opened for read by ui 1651 opened for read by uid=0.
2107 1652
2108 ima_template= [IMA] 1653 ima_template= [IMA]
2109 Select one of defined 1654 Select one of defined IMA measurements template formats.
2110 Formats: { "ima" | "i !! 1655 Formats: { "ima" | "ima-ng" | "ima-sig" }
2111 "ima-sigv2 <<
2112 Default: "ima-ng" 1656 Default: "ima-ng"
2113 1657
2114 ima_template_fmt= 1658 ima_template_fmt=
2115 [IMA] Define a custom 1659 [IMA] Define a custom template format.
2116 Format: { "field1|... 1660 Format: { "field1|...|fieldN" }
2117 1661
2118 ima.ahash_minsize= [IMA] Minimum file 1662 ima.ahash_minsize= [IMA] Minimum file size for asynchronous hash usage
2119 Format: <min_file_siz 1663 Format: <min_file_size>
2120 Set the minimal file 1664 Set the minimal file size for using asynchronous hash.
2121 If left unspecified, 1665 If left unspecified, ahash usage is disabled.
2122 1666
2123 ahash performance var 1667 ahash performance varies for different data sizes on
2124 different crypto acce 1668 different crypto accelerators. This option can be used
2125 to achieve the best p 1669 to achieve the best performance for a particular HW.
2126 1670
2127 ima.ahash_bufsize= [IMA] Asynchronous 1671 ima.ahash_bufsize= [IMA] Asynchronous hash buffer size
2128 Format: <bufsize> 1672 Format: <bufsize>
2129 Set hashing buffer si 1673 Set hashing buffer size. Default: 4k.
2130 1674
2131 ahash performance var 1675 ahash performance varies for different chunk sizes on
2132 different crypto acce 1676 different crypto accelerators. This option can be used
2133 to achieve best perfo 1677 to achieve best performance for particular HW.
2134 1678
2135 init= [KNL] 1679 init= [KNL]
2136 Format: <full_path> 1680 Format: <full_path>
2137 Run specified binary 1681 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
2138 process. 1682 process.
2139 1683
2140 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls 1684 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
2141 for working out where 1685 for working out where the kernel is dying during
2142 startup. 1686 startup.
2143 1687
2144 initcall_blacklist= [KNL] Do not exe 1688 initcall_blacklist= [KNL] Do not execute a comma-separated list of
2145 initcall functions. 1689 initcall functions. Useful for debugging built-in
2146 modules and initcalls 1690 modules and initcalls.
2147 1691
2148 initramfs_async= [KNL] !! 1692 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
2149 Format: <bool> <<
2150 Default: 1 <<
2151 This parameter contro <<
2152 image is unpacked asy <<
2153 with devices being pr <<
2154 initialized. This sho <<
2155 but as a debugging ai <<
2156 historical behaviour <<
2157 unpacking being compl <<
2158 late_ initcalls. <<
2159 <<
2160 initrd= [BOOT,EARLY] Specify <<
2161 <<
2162 initrdmem= [KNL,EARLY] Specify a <<
2163 load the initrd. If a <<
2164 specified in the boot <<
2165 setting. <<
2166 Format: ss[KMG],nn[KM <<
2167 Default is 0, 0 <<
2168 1693
2169 init_on_alloc= [MM,EARLY] Fill newly !! 1694 init_on_alloc= [MM] Fill newly allocated pages and heap objects with
2170 zeroes. 1695 zeroes.
2171 Format: 0 | 1 1696 Format: 0 | 1
2172 Default set by CONFIG 1697 Default set by CONFIG_INIT_ON_ALLOC_DEFAULT_ON.
2173 1698
2174 init_on_free= [MM,EARLY] Fill freed !! 1699 init_on_free= [MM] Fill freed pages and heap objects with zeroes.
2175 Format: 0 | 1 1700 Format: 0 | 1
2176 Default set by CONFIG 1701 Default set by CONFIG_INIT_ON_FREE_DEFAULT_ON.
2177 1702
2178 init_pkru= [X86] Specify the def !! 1703 init_pkru= [x86] Specify the default memory protection keys rights
2179 register contents for 1704 register contents for all processes. 0x55555554 by
2180 default (disallow acc 1705 default (disallow access to all but pkey 0). Can
2181 override in debugfs a 1706 override in debugfs after boot.
2182 1707
2183 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL a 1708 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
2184 Format: <irq> 1709 Format: <irq>
2185 1710
2186 int_pln_enable [X86] Enable power li !! 1711 int_pln_enable [x86] Enable power limit notification interrupt
2187 1712
2188 integrity_audit=[IMA] 1713 integrity_audit=[IMA]
2189 Format: { "0" | "1" } 1714 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2190 0 -- basic integrity 1715 0 -- basic integrity auditing messages. (Default)
2191 1 -- additional integ 1716 1 -- additional integrity auditing messages.
2192 1717
2193 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU dr 1718 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
2194 on 1719 on
2195 Enable intel iommu dr 1720 Enable intel iommu driver.
2196 off 1721 off
2197 Disable intel iommu d 1722 Disable intel iommu driver.
2198 igfx_off [Default Off] 1723 igfx_off [Default Off]
2199 By default, gfx is ma 1724 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
2200 device has a dedicate 1725 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
2201 bypassed by not enabl 1726 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
2202 this case, gfx device 1727 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
2203 DMA. 1728 DMA.
>> 1729 forcedac [x86_64]
>> 1730 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
>> 1731 for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual
>> 1732 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
>> 1733 than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look
>> 1734 for translation below 32-bit and if not available
>> 1735 then look in the higher range.
2204 strict [Default Off] 1736 strict [Default Off]
2205 Deprecated, equivalen !! 1737 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
>> 1738 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
>> 1739 to batching them for performance.
2206 sp_off [Default Off] 1740 sp_off [Default Off]
2207 By default, super pag 1741 By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU
2208 has the capability. W 1742 has the capability. With this option, super page will
2209 not be supported. 1743 not be supported.
2210 sm_on !! 1744 sm_on [Default Off]
2211 Enable the Intel IOMM !! 1745 By default, scalable mode will be disabled even if the
2212 advertises that it ha !! 1746 hardware advertises that it has support for the scalable
2213 translation. !! 1747 mode translation. With this option set, scalable mode
2214 sm_off !! 1748 will be used on hardware which claims to support it.
2215 Disallow use of the I <<
2216 tboot_noforce [Default Off] 1749 tboot_noforce [Default Off]
2217 Do not force the Inte 1750 Do not force the Intel IOMMU enabled under tboot.
2218 By default, tboot wil 1751 By default, tboot will force Intel IOMMU on, which
2219 could harm performanc 1752 could harm performance of some high-throughput
2220 devices like 40GBit n 1753 devices like 40GBit network cards, even if identity
2221 mapping is enabled. 1754 mapping is enabled.
2222 Note that using this 1755 Note that using this option lowers the security
2223 provided by tboot bec 1756 provided by tboot because it makes the system
2224 vulnerable to DMA att 1757 vulnerable to DMA attacks.
>> 1758 nobounce [Default off]
>> 1759 Disable bounce buffer for unstrusted devices such as
>> 1760 the Thunderbolt devices. This will treat the untrusted
>> 1761 devices as the trusted ones, hence might expose security
>> 1762 risks of DMA attacks.
2225 1763
2226 intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI, 1764 intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86]
2227 0 disables inte 1765 0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle.
2228 1 to 9 specify maxim 1766 1 to 9 specify maximum depth of C-state.
2229 1767
2230 intel_pstate= [X86,EARLY] !! 1768 intel_pstate= [X86]
2231 disable 1769 disable
2232 Do not enable intel 1770 Do not enable intel_pstate as the default
2233 scaling driver for 1771 scaling driver for the supported processors
2234 active <<
2235 Use intel_pstate dr <<
2236 governors layer of <<
2237 algorithms for p-st <<
2238 P-state selection a <<
2239 intel_pstate in the <<
2240 performance. The w <<
2241 on whether or not t <<
2242 (HWP) feature has b <<
2243 and possibly on the <<
2244 passive 1772 passive
2245 Use intel_pstate as 1773 Use intel_pstate as a scaling driver, but configure it
2246 to work with generi 1774 to work with generic cpufreq governors (instead of
2247 enabling its intern 1775 enabling its internal governor). This mode cannot be
2248 used along with the 1776 used along with the hardware-managed P-states (HWP)
2249 feature. 1777 feature.
2250 force 1778 force
2251 Enable intel_pstate 1779 Enable intel_pstate on systems that prohibit it by default
2252 in favor of acpi-cp 1780 in favor of acpi-cpufreq. Forcing the intel_pstate driver
2253 instead of acpi-cpu 1781 instead of acpi-cpufreq may disable platform features, such
2254 as thermal controls 1782 as thermal controls and power capping, that rely on ACPI
2255 P-States informatio 1783 P-States information being indicated to OSPM and therefore
2256 should be used with 1784 should be used with caution. This option does not work with
2257 processors that are 1785 processors that aren't supported by the intel_pstate driver
2258 or on platforms tha 1786 or on platforms that use pcc-cpufreq instead of acpi-cpufreq.
2259 no_hwp 1787 no_hwp
2260 Do not enable hardw 1788 Do not enable hardware P state control (HWP)
2261 if available. 1789 if available.
2262 hwp_only 1790 hwp_only
2263 Only load intel_pst 1791 Only load intel_pstate on systems which support
2264 hardware P state co 1792 hardware P state control (HWP) if available.
2265 support_acpi_ppc 1793 support_acpi_ppc
2266 Enforce ACPI _PPC p 1794 Enforce ACPI _PPC performance limits. If the Fixed ACPI
2267 Description Table, 1795 Description Table, specifies preferred power management
2268 profile as "Enterpr 1796 profile as "Enterprise Server" or "Performance Server",
2269 then this feature i 1797 then this feature is turned on by default.
2270 per_cpu_perf_limits 1798 per_cpu_perf_limits
2271 Allow per-logical-C 1799 Allow per-logical-CPU P-State performance control limits using
2272 cpufreq sysfs inter 1800 cpufreq sysfs interface
2273 1801
2274 intremap= [X86-64,Intel-IOMMU,E !! 1802 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
2275 on enable Interr 1803 on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
2276 off disable Inter 1804 off disable Interrupt Remapping
2277 nosid disable Sourc 1805 nosid disable Source ID checking
2278 no_x2apic_optout 1806 no_x2apic_optout
2279 BIOS x2APIC o 1807 BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored
2280 nopost disable Inter 1808 nopost disable Interrupt Posting
2281 posted_msi <<
2282 enable MSIs d <<
2283 1809
2284 iomem= Disable strict checki 1810 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
2285 strict regions from userspac 1811 strict regions from userspace.
2286 relaxed 1812 relaxed
2287 1813
2288 iommu= [X86,EARLY] !! 1814 iommu= [x86]
2289 off 1815 off
2290 force 1816 force
2291 noforce 1817 noforce
2292 biomerge 1818 biomerge
2293 panic 1819 panic
2294 nopanic 1820 nopanic
2295 merge 1821 merge
2296 nomerge 1822 nomerge
2297 soft 1823 soft
2298 pt [X86] !! 1824 pt [x86]
2299 nopt [X86] !! 1825 nopt [x86]
2300 nobypass [PPC/POWERNV] 1826 nobypass [PPC/POWERNV]
2301 Disable IOMMU bypass, 1827 Disable IOMMU bypass, using IOMMU for PCI devices.
2302 1828
2303 iommu.forcedac= [ARM64,X86,EARLY] Con !! 1829 iommu.strict= [ARM64] Configure TLB invalidation behaviour
2304 Format: { "0" | "1" } <<
2305 0 - Try to allocate a <<
2306 falling back to the <<
2307 1 - Allocate directly <<
2308 forcing Dual Addres <<
2309 greater than 32-bit <<
2310 <<
2311 iommu.strict= [ARM64,X86,S390,EARLY <<
2312 Format: { "0" | "1" } 1830 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2313 0 - Lazy mode. 1831 0 - Lazy mode.
2314 Request that DMA un 1832 Request that DMA unmap operations use deferred
2315 invalidation of har 1833 invalidation of hardware TLBs, for increased
2316 throughput at the c 1834 throughput at the cost of reduced device isolation.
2317 Will fall back to s 1835 Will fall back to strict mode if not supported by
2318 the relevant IOMMU 1836 the relevant IOMMU driver.
2319 1 - Strict mode. !! 1837 1 - Strict mode (default).
2320 DMA unmap operation 1838 DMA unmap operations invalidate IOMMU hardware TLBs
2321 synchronously. 1839 synchronously.
2322 unset - Use value of <<
2323 Note: on x86, strict <<
2324 legacy driver-specifi <<
2325 1840
2326 iommu.passthrough= 1841 iommu.passthrough=
2327 [ARM64,X86,EARLY] Con !! 1842 [ARM64, X86] Configure DMA to bypass the IOMMU by default.
2328 Format: { "0" | "1" } 1843 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2329 0 - Use IOMMU transla 1844 0 - Use IOMMU translation for DMA.
2330 1 - Bypass the IOMMU 1845 1 - Bypass the IOMMU for DMA.
2331 unset - Use value of 1846 unset - Use value of CONFIG_IOMMU_DEFAULT_PASSTHROUGH.
2332 1847
2333 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel-b !! 1848 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
2334 See comment before ma 1849 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
2335 arch/alpha/kernel/cor 1850 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
2336 1851
2337 io_delay= [X86,EARLY] I/O delay !! 1852 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
2338 0x80 1853 0x80
2339 Standard port 0x80 ba 1854 Standard port 0x80 based delay
2340 0xed 1855 0xed
2341 Alternate port 0xed b 1856 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
2342 udelay 1857 udelay
2343 Simple two microsecon 1858 Simple two microseconds delay
2344 none 1859 none
2345 No delay 1860 No delay
2346 1861
2347 ip= [IP_PNP] 1862 ip= [IP_PNP]
2348 See Documentation/adm !! 1863 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
2349 1864
2350 ipcmni_extend [KNL,EARLY] Extend th !! 1865 ipcmni_extend [KNL] Extend the maximum number of unique System V
2351 IPC identifiers from 1866 IPC identifiers from 32,768 to 16,777,216.
2352 1867
2353 irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default 1868 irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default irq affinity mask
2354 The argument is a cpu 1869 The argument is a cpu list, as described above.
2355 1870
2356 irqchip.gicv2_force_probe= 1871 irqchip.gicv2_force_probe=
2357 [ARM,ARM64,EARLY] !! 1872 [ARM, ARM64]
2358 Format: <bool> 1873 Format: <bool>
2359 Force the kernel to l 1874 Force the kernel to look for the second 4kB page
2360 of a GICv2 controller 1875 of a GICv2 controller even if the memory range
2361 exposed by the device 1876 exposed by the device tree is too small.
2362 1877
2363 irqchip.gicv3_nolpi= 1878 irqchip.gicv3_nolpi=
2364 [ARM,ARM64,EARLY] !! 1879 [ARM, ARM64]
2365 Force the kernel to i 1880 Force the kernel to ignore the availability of
2366 LPIs (and by conseque 1881 LPIs (and by consequence ITSs). Intended for system
2367 that use the kernel a 1882 that use the kernel as a bootloader, and thus want
2368 to let secondary kern 1883 to let secondary kernels in charge of setting up
2369 LPIs. 1884 LPIs.
2370 1885
2371 irqchip.gicv3_pseudo_nmi= [ARM64,EARL !! 1886 irqchip.gicv3_pseudo_nmi= [ARM64]
2372 Enables support for p 1887 Enables support for pseudo-NMIs in the kernel. This
2373 requires the kernel t 1888 requires the kernel to be built with
2374 CONFIG_ARM64_PSEUDO_N 1889 CONFIG_ARM64_PSEUDO_NMI.
2375 1890
2376 irqfixup [HW] 1891 irqfixup [HW]
2377 When an interrupt is 1892 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
2378 for it. Intended to g 1893 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
2379 firmware running. 1894 firmware running.
2380 1895
2381 irqpoll [HW] 1896 irqpoll [HW]
2382 When an interrupt is 1897 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
2383 for it. Also check al 1898 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
2384 interrupt. Intended t 1899 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
2385 firmware running. 1900 firmware running.
2386 1901
2387 isapnp= [ISAPNP] 1902 isapnp= [ISAPNP]
2388 Format: <RDP>,<reset> 1903 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
2389 1904
2390 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP,ISOL] Isolat 1905 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP,ISOL] Isolate a given set of CPUs from disturbance.
2391 [Deprecated - use cpu 1906 [Deprecated - use cpusets instead]
2392 Format: [flag-list,]< 1907 Format: [flag-list,]<cpu-list>
2393 1908
2394 Specify one or more C 1909 Specify one or more CPUs to isolate from disturbances
2395 specified in the flag 1910 specified in the flag list (default: domain):
2396 1911
2397 nohz 1912 nohz
2398 Disable the tick wh 1913 Disable the tick when a single task runs.
2399 1914
2400 A residual 1Hz tick 1915 A residual 1Hz tick is offloaded to workqueues, which you
2401 need to affine to h 1916 need to affine to housekeeping through the global
2402 workqueue's affinit 1917 workqueue's affinity configured via the
2403 /sys/devices/virtua 1918 /sys/devices/virtual/workqueue/cpumask sysfs file, or
2404 by using the 'domai 1919 by using the 'domain' flag described below.
2405 1920
2406 NOTE: by default th 1921 NOTE: by default the global workqueue runs on all CPUs,
2407 so to protect indiv 1922 so to protect individual CPUs the 'cpumask' file has to
2408 be configured manua 1923 be configured manually after bootup.
2409 1924
2410 domain 1925 domain
2411 Isolate from the ge 1926 Isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
2412 algorithms. Note th 1927 algorithms. Note that performing domain isolation this way
2413 is irreversible: it 1928 is irreversible: it's not possible to bring back a CPU to
2414 the domains once is 1929 the domains once isolated through isolcpus. It's strongly
2415 advised to use cpus 1930 advised to use cpusets instead to disable scheduler load
2416 balancing through t 1931 balancing through the "cpuset.sched_load_balance" file.
2417 It offers a much mo 1932 It offers a much more flexible interface where CPUs can
2418 move in and out of 1933 move in and out of an isolated set anytime.
2419 1934
2420 You can move a proc 1935 You can move a process onto or off an "isolated" CPU via
2421 the CPU affinity sy 1936 the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
2422 <cpu number> begins 1937 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
2423 "number of CPUs in 1938 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
2424 1939
2425 managed_irq !! 1940 The format of <cpu-list> is described above.
2426 1941
2427 Isolate from being <<
2428 which have an inter <<
2429 CPUs. The affinity <<
2430 handled by the kern <<
2431 the /proc/irq/* int <<
2432 <<
2433 This isolation is b <<
2434 if the automaticall <<
2435 device queue contai <<
2436 CPUs. If housekeepi <<
2437 interrupts are dire <<
2438 so that IO submitte <<
2439 cannot disturb the <<
2440 <<
2441 If a queue's affini <<
2442 CPUs then this para <<
2443 interrupt routing d <<
2444 only delivered when <<
2445 isolated CPUs submi <<
2446 housekeeping CPUs h <<
2447 queues. <<
2448 1942
2449 The format of <cpu-li <<
2450 1943
2451 iucv= [HW,NET] 1944 iucv= [HW,NET]
2452 1945
2453 ivrs_ioapic [HW,X86-64] !! 1946 ivrs_ioapic [HW,X86_64]
2454 Provide an override t 1947 Provide an override to the IOAPIC-ID<->DEVICE-ID
2455 mapping provided in t !! 1948 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
2456 By default, PCI segme !! 1949 example, to map IOAPIC-ID decimal 10 to
2457 !! 1950 PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
2458 For example, to map I <<
2459 PCI segment 0x1 and P <<
2460 write the parameter a <<
2461 ivrs_ioapic=1 <<
2462 <<
2463 Deprecated formats: <<
2464 * To map IOAPIC-ID de <<
2465 write the parameter <<
2466 ivrs_ioapic[1 1951 ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:14.0
2467 * To map IOAPIC-ID de <<
2468 PCI device 00:14.0 <<
2469 ivrs_ioapic[1 <<
2470 1952
2471 ivrs_hpet [HW,X86-64] !! 1953 ivrs_hpet [HW,X86_64]
2472 Provide an override t 1954 Provide an override to the HPET-ID<->DEVICE-ID
2473 mapping provided in t !! 1955 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
2474 By default, PCI segme !! 1956 example, to map HPET-ID decimal 0 to
2475 !! 1957 PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
2476 For example, to map H <<
2477 PCI segment 0x1 and P <<
2478 write the parameter a <<
2479 ivrs_hpet=10@ <<
2480 <<
2481 Deprecated formats: <<
2482 * To map HPET-ID deci <<
2483 write the parameter <<
2484 ivrs_hpet[0]= 1958 ivrs_hpet[0]=00:14.0
2485 * To map HPET-ID deci <<
2486 PCI device 00:14.0 <<
2487 ivrs_ioapic[1 <<
2488 1959
2489 ivrs_acpihid [HW,X86-64] !! 1960 ivrs_acpihid [HW,X86_64]
2490 Provide an override t 1961 Provide an override to the ACPI-HID:UID<->DEVICE-ID
2491 mapping provided in t !! 1962 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
2492 By default, PCI segme !! 1963 example, to map UART-HID:UID AMD0020:0 to
2493 !! 1964 PCI device 00:14.5 write the parameter as:
2494 For example, to map U <<
2495 PCI segment 0x1 and P <<
2496 write the parameter a <<
2497 ivrs_acpihid= <<
2498 <<
2499 Deprecated formats: <<
2500 * To map UART-HID:UID <<
2501 PCI device ID 00:14 <<
2502 ivrs_acpihid[ 1965 ivrs_acpihid[00:14.5]=AMD0020:0
2503 * To map UART-HID:UID <<
2504 PCI device ID 00:14 <<
2505 ivrs_acpihid[ <<
2506 1966
2507 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joyst 1967 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
2508 See Documentation/inp 1968 See Documentation/input/joydev/joystick.rst.
2509 1969
>> 1970 nokaslr [KNL]
>> 1971 When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set, this disables
>> 1972 kernel and module base offset ASLR (Address Space
>> 1973 Layout Randomization).
>> 1974
2510 kasan_multi_shot 1975 kasan_multi_shot
2511 [KNL] Enforce KASAN ( 1976 [KNL] Enforce KASAN (Kernel Address Sanitizer) to print
2512 report on every inval 1977 report on every invalid memory access. Without this
2513 parameter KASAN will 1978 parameter KASAN will print report only for the first
2514 invalid access. 1979 invalid access.
2515 1980
2516 keep_bootcon [KNL,EARLY] !! 1981 keepinitrd [HW,ARM]
2517 Do not unregister boo <<
2518 useful for debugging <<
2519 between unregistering <<
2520 the real console. <<
2521 1982
2522 keepinitrd [HW,ARM] See retain_i !! 1983 kernelcore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC]
2523 <<
2524 kernelcore= [KNL,X86,PPC,EARLY] <<
2525 Format: nn[KMGTPE] | 1984 Format: nn[KMGTPE] | nn% | "mirror"
2526 This parameter specif 1985 This parameter specifies the amount of memory usable by
2527 the kernel for non-mo 1986 the kernel for non-movable allocations. The requested
2528 amount is spread even 1987 amount is spread evenly throughout all nodes in the
2529 system as ZONE_NORMAL 1988 system as ZONE_NORMAL. The remaining memory is used for
2530 movable memory in its 1989 movable memory in its own zone, ZONE_MOVABLE. In the
2531 event, a node is too 1990 event, a node is too small to have both ZONE_NORMAL and
2532 ZONE_MOVABLE, kernelc 1991 ZONE_MOVABLE, kernelcore memory will take priority and
2533 other nodes will have 1992 other nodes will have a larger ZONE_MOVABLE.
2534 1993
2535 ZONE_MOVABLE is used 1994 ZONE_MOVABLE is used for the allocation of pages that
2536 may be reclaimed or m 1995 may be reclaimed or moved by the page migration
2537 subsystem. Note that 1996 subsystem. Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem
2538 still use the HighMem 1997 still use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
2539 zone if it does not. 1998 zone if it does not.
2540 1999
2541 It is possible to spe 2000 It is possible to specify the exact amount of memory in
2542 the form of "nn[KMGTP 2001 the form of "nn[KMGTPE]", a percentage of total system
2543 memory in the form of 2002 memory in the form of "nn%", or "mirror". If "mirror"
2544 option is specified, 2003 option is specified, mirrored (reliable) memory is used
2545 for non-movable alloc 2004 for non-movable allocations and remaining memory is used
2546 for Movable pages. " 2005 for Movable pages. "nn[KMGTPE]", "nn%", and "mirror"
2547 are exclusive, so you 2006 are exclusive, so you cannot specify multiple forms.
2548 2007
2549 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW,EARLY] kgdb !! 2008 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
2550 Format: <Controller#> 2009 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
2551 The controller # is t 2010 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
2552 port as it is probed 2011 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
2553 optional and is the n 2012 optional and is the number seconds in between
2554 each poll cycle to th 2013 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
2555 the functionality for 2014 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
2556 gdb or control-c on t 2015 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
2557 not using this parame 2016 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
2558 the kernel debugger. 2017 the kernel debugger.
2559 2018
2560 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over c 2019 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
2561 Requires a tty driver 2020 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
2562 or a supported pollin 2021 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
2563 Serial only format: 2022 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
2564 keyboard only format 2023 keyboard only format: kbd
2565 keyboard and serial 2024 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
2566 Optional Kernel mode 2025 Optional Kernel mode setting:
2567 kms, kbd format: kms 2026 kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
2568 kms, kbd and serial 2027 kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
2569 2028
2570 kgdboc_earlycon= [KGDB,HW,EARL !! 2029 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
2571 If the boot console p <<
2572 characters and can wo <<
2573 this parameter to tel <<
2574 until the normal cons <<
2575 be used together with <<
2576 specifies the normal <<
2577 <<
2578 The name of the early <<
2579 as the value of this <<
2580 the early console mig <<
2581 name passed to kgdboc <<
2582 blank and the first b <<
2583 read() will be picked <<
2584 <<
2585 kgdbwait [KGDB,EARLY] Stop ker <<
2586 kernel debugger at th 2030 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
2587 2031
2588 kmac= [MIPS] Korina etherne !! 2032 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
2589 Configure the RouterB 2033 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
2590 Ethernet adapter MAC 2034 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
2591 2035
2592 kmemleak= [KNL,EARLY] Boot-time !! 2036 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
2593 Valid arguments: on, 2037 Valid arguments: on, off
2594 Default: on 2038 Default: on
2595 Built with CONFIG_DEB 2039 Built with CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_DEFAULT_OFF=y,
2596 the default is off. 2040 the default is off.
2597 2041
2598 kprobe_event=[probe-list] 2042 kprobe_event=[probe-list]
2599 [FTRACE] Add kprobe e 2043 [FTRACE] Add kprobe events and enable at boot time.
2600 The probe-list is a s 2044 The probe-list is a semicolon delimited list of probe
2601 definitions. Each def 2045 definitions. Each definition is same as kprobe_events
2602 interface, but the pa 2046 interface, but the parameters are comma delimited.
2603 For example, to add a 2047 For example, to add a kprobe event on vfs_read with
2604 arg1 and arg2, add to 2048 arg1 and arg2, add to the command line;
2605 2049
2606 kprobe_event=p, 2050 kprobe_event=p,vfs_read,$arg1,$arg2
2607 2051
2608 See also Documentatio 2052 See also Documentation/trace/kprobetrace.rst "Kernel
2609 Boot Parameter" secti 2053 Boot Parameter" section.
2610 2054
2611 kpti= [ARM64,EARLY] Control !! 2055 kpti= [ARM64] Control page table isolation of user
2612 user and kernel addre !! 2056 and kernel address spaces.
2613 Default: enabled on c 2057 Default: enabled on cores which need mitigation.
2614 0: force disabled 2058 0: force disabled
2615 1: force enabled 2059 1: force enabled
2616 2060
2617 kunit.enable= [KUNIT] Enable execut <<
2618 CONFIG_KUNIT to be se <<
2619 default value can be <<
2620 KUNIT_DEFAULT_ENABLED <<
2621 Default is 1 (enabled <<
2622 <<
2623 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest ac 2061 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
2624 Default is 0 (don't i 2062 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
2625 2063
2626 kvm.eager_page_split= <<
2627 [KVM,X86] Controls wh <<
2628 proactively split all <<
2629 Eager page splitting <<
2630 execution by eliminat <<
2631 and MMU lock contenti <<
2632 required to split hug <<
2633 <<
2634 VM workloads that rar <<
2635 only to a small regio <<
2636 disabling eager page <<
2637 still be used for rea <<
2638 <<
2639 The behavior of eager <<
2640 KVM_DIRTY_LOG_INITIAL <<
2641 disabled, all huge pa <<
2642 split when dirty logg <<
2643 enabled, eager page s <<
2644 the KVM_CLEAR_DIRTY i <<
2645 cleared. <<
2646 <<
2647 Eager page splitting <<
2648 <<
2649 Default is Y (on). <<
2650 <<
2651 kvm.enable_vmware_backdoor=[KVM] Supp 2064 kvm.enable_vmware_backdoor=[KVM] Support VMware backdoor PV interface.
2652 Default is 2065 Default is false (don't support).
2653 2066
>> 2067 kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
>> 2068 KVM MMU at runtime.
>> 2069 Default is 0 (off)
>> 2070
2654 kvm.nx_huge_pages= 2071 kvm.nx_huge_pages=
2655 [KVM] Controls the so 2072 [KVM] Controls the software workaround for the
2656 X86_BUG_ITLB_MULTIHIT 2073 X86_BUG_ITLB_MULTIHIT bug.
2657 force : Always depl 2074 force : Always deploy workaround.
2658 off : Never deplo 2075 off : Never deploy workaround.
2659 auto : Deploy work 2076 auto : Deploy workaround based on the presence of
2660 X86_BUG_ITL 2077 X86_BUG_ITLB_MULTIHIT.
2661 2078
2662 Default is 'auto'. 2079 Default is 'auto'.
2663 2080
2664 If the software worka 2081 If the software workaround is enabled for the host,
2665 guests do need not to 2082 guests do need not to enable it for nested guests.
2666 2083
2667 kvm.nx_huge_pages_recovery_ratio= 2084 kvm.nx_huge_pages_recovery_ratio=
2668 [KVM] Controls how ma 2085 [KVM] Controls how many 4KiB pages are periodically zapped
2669 back to huge pages. 2086 back to huge pages. 0 disables the recovery, otherwise if
2670 the value is N KVM wi 2087 the value is N KVM will zap 1/Nth of the 4KiB pages every
2671 period (see below). !! 2088 minute. The default is 60.
>> 2089
>> 2090 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
>> 2091 Default is 1 (enabled)
2672 2092
2673 kvm.nx_huge_pages_recovery_period_ms= !! 2093 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
2674 [KVM] Controls the ti !! 2094 for all guests.
2675 back to huge pages. I !! 2095 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode.
2676 zap a portion (see ra <<
2677 If the value is 0 (th <<
2678 on the ratio, such th <<
2679 <<
2680 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Control nes <<
2681 KVM/SVM. Default is 1 <<
2682 <<
2683 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Control KVM <<
2684 a.k.a. Two-Dimensiona <<
2685 (enabled). Disable by <<
2686 for NPT. <<
2687 <<
2688 kvm-arm.mode= <<
2689 [KVM,ARM,EARLY] Selec <<
2690 operation. <<
2691 <<
2692 none: Forcefully disa <<
2693 <<
2694 nvhe: Standard nVHE-b <<
2695 protected guest <<
2696 <<
2697 protected: nVHE-based <<
2698 state is k <<
2699 <<
2700 nested: VHE-based mod <<
2701 virtualizatio <<
2702 hardware. <<
2703 <<
2704 Defaults to VHE/nVHE <<
2705 mode to "protected" w <<
2706 for the host. "nested <<
2707 used with extreme cau <<
2708 2096
2709 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_group0_trap= 2097 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_group0_trap=
2710 [KVM,ARM,EARLY] Trap !! 2098 [KVM,ARM] Trap guest accesses to GICv3 group-0
2711 system registers 2099 system registers
2712 2100
2713 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_group1_trap= 2101 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_group1_trap=
2714 [KVM,ARM,EARLY] Trap !! 2102 [KVM,ARM] Trap guest accesses to GICv3 group-1
2715 system registers 2103 system registers
2716 2104
2717 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_common_trap= 2105 kvm-arm.vgic_v3_common_trap=
2718 [KVM,ARM,EARLY] Trap !! 2106 [KVM,ARM] Trap guest accesses to GICv3 common
2719 system registers 2107 system registers
2720 2108
2721 kvm-arm.vgic_v4_enable= 2109 kvm-arm.vgic_v4_enable=
2722 [KVM,ARM,EARLY] Allow !! 2110 [KVM,ARM] Allow use of GICv4 for direct injection of
2723 injection of LPIs. !! 2111 LPIs.
2724 <<
2725 kvm-arm.wfe_trap_policy= <<
2726 [KVM,ARM] Control whe <<
2727 KVM VMs. Traps are al <<
2728 CPU architecture. <<
2729 <<
2730 trap: set WFE instruc <<
2731 <<
2732 notrap: clear WFE ins <<
2733 <<
2734 kvm-arm.wfi_trap_policy= <<
2735 [KVM,ARM] Control whe <<
2736 KVM VMs. Traps are al <<
2737 CPU architecture. <<
2738 <<
2739 trap: set WFI instruc <<
2740 <<
2741 notrap: clear WFI ins <<
2742 <<
2743 kvm_cma_resv_ratio=n [PPC,EARLY] <<
2744 Reserves given percen <<
2745 contiguous memory all <<
2746 allocation. <<
2747 By default it reserve <<
2748 Format: <integer> <<
2749 Default: 5 <<
2750 2112
2751 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Control K !! 2113 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
2752 a.k.a. Two-Dimensiona !! 2114 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
2753 (enabled). Disable by !! 2115 Default is 1 (enabled)
2754 for EPT. <<
2755 2116
2756 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state 2117 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
2757 [KVM,Intel] Control w !! 2118 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
2758 state. Ignored if kvm !! 2119 Default is 0 (disabled)
2759 as guest state is nev <<
2760 guests. This param do <<
2761 as KVM never emulates <<
2762 Default is 1 (enabled <<
2763 2120
2764 kvm-intel.flexpriority= 2121 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
2765 [KVM,Intel] Control K !! 2122 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
2766 (TPR shadow). Default !! 2123 Default is 1 (enabled)
2767 hardware lacks suppor <<
2768 2124
2769 kvm-intel.nested= 2125 kvm-intel.nested=
2770 [KVM,Intel] Control n !! 2126 [KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX).
2771 KVM/VMX. Default is 1 !! 2127 Default is 0 (disabled)
2772 2128
2773 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest= 2129 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
2774 [KVM,Intel] Control K !! 2130 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
2775 feature (virtualized !! 2131 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
2776 is 1 (enabled). Disab !! 2132 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
2777 hardware lacks suppor <<
2778 2133
2779 kvm-intel.vmentry_l1d_flush=[KVM,Inte 2134 kvm-intel.vmentry_l1d_flush=[KVM,Intel] Mitigation for L1 Terminal Fault
2780 CVE-2018-3620. 2135 CVE-2018-3620.
2781 2136
2782 Valid arguments: neve 2137 Valid arguments: never, cond, always
2783 2138
2784 always: L1D cache flu 2139 always: L1D cache flush on every VMENTER.
2785 cond: Flush L1D on 2140 cond: Flush L1D on VMENTER only when the code between
2786 VMEXIT and VM 2141 VMEXIT and VMENTER can leak host memory.
2787 never: Disables the 2142 never: Disables the mitigation
2788 2143
2789 Default is cond (do L 2144 Default is cond (do L1 cache flush in specific instances)
2790 2145
2791 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Control K !! 2146 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
2792 Identification featur !! 2147 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
2793 (enabled). Disable by !! 2148 Default is 1 (enabled)
2794 for it. <<
2795 <<
2796 l1d_flush= [X86,INTEL,EARLY] <<
2797 Control mitigation fo <<
2798 <<
2799 Certain CPUs are vuln <<
2800 internal buffers whic <<
2801 disclosure gadget und <<
2802 <<
2803 In vulnerable process <<
2804 forwarded data can be <<
2805 attack, to access dat <<
2806 not have direct acces <<
2807 <<
2808 This parameter contro <<
2809 options are: <<
2810 <<
2811 on - enable t <<
2812 2149
2813 l1tf= [X86,EARLY] Control m !! 2150 l1tf= [X86] Control mitigation of the L1TF vulnerability on
2814 affected CPUs 2151 affected CPUs
2815 2152
2816 The kernel PTE invers 2153 The kernel PTE inversion protection is unconditionally
2817 enabled and cannot be 2154 enabled and cannot be disabled.
2818 2155
2819 full 2156 full
2820 Provides all 2157 Provides all available mitigations for the
2821 L1TF vulnerab 2158 L1TF vulnerability. Disables SMT and
2822 enables all m 2159 enables all mitigations in the
2823 hypervisors, 2160 hypervisors, i.e. unconditional L1D flush.
2824 2161
2825 SMT control a 2162 SMT control and L1D flush control via the
2826 sysfs interfa 2163 sysfs interface is still possible after
2827 boot. Hyperv 2164 boot. Hypervisors will issue a warning
2828 when the firs 2165 when the first VM is started in a
2829 potentially i 2166 potentially insecure configuration,
2830 i.e. SMT enab 2167 i.e. SMT enabled or L1D flush disabled.
2831 2168
2832 full,force 2169 full,force
2833 Same as 'full 2170 Same as 'full', but disables SMT and L1D
2834 flush runtime 2171 flush runtime control. Implies the
2835 'nosmt=force' 2172 'nosmt=force' command line option.
2836 (i.e. sysfs c 2173 (i.e. sysfs control of SMT is disabled.)
2837 2174
2838 flush 2175 flush
2839 Leaves SMT en 2176 Leaves SMT enabled and enables the default
2840 hypervisor mi 2177 hypervisor mitigation, i.e. conditional
2841 L1D flush. 2178 L1D flush.
2842 2179
2843 SMT control a 2180 SMT control and L1D flush control via the
2844 sysfs interfa 2181 sysfs interface is still possible after
2845 boot. Hyperv 2182 boot. Hypervisors will issue a warning
2846 when the firs 2183 when the first VM is started in a
2847 potentially i 2184 potentially insecure configuration,
2848 i.e. SMT enab 2185 i.e. SMT enabled or L1D flush disabled.
2849 2186
2850 flush,nosmt 2187 flush,nosmt
2851 2188
2852 Disables SMT 2189 Disables SMT and enables the default
2853 hypervisor mi 2190 hypervisor mitigation.
2854 2191
2855 SMT control a 2192 SMT control and L1D flush control via the
2856 sysfs interfa 2193 sysfs interface is still possible after
2857 boot. Hyperv 2194 boot. Hypervisors will issue a warning
2858 when the firs 2195 when the first VM is started in a
2859 potentially i 2196 potentially insecure configuration,
2860 i.e. SMT enab 2197 i.e. SMT enabled or L1D flush disabled.
2861 2198
2862 flush,nowarn 2199 flush,nowarn
2863 Same as 'flus 2200 Same as 'flush', but hypervisors will not
2864 warn when a V 2201 warn when a VM is started in a potentially
2865 insecure conf 2202 insecure configuration.
2866 2203
2867 off 2204 off
2868 Disables hype 2205 Disables hypervisor mitigations and doesn't
2869 emit any warn 2206 emit any warnings.
2870 It also drops 2207 It also drops the swap size and available
2871 RAM limit res 2208 RAM limit restriction on both hypervisor and
2872 bare metal. 2209 bare metal.
2873 2210
2874 Default is 'flush'. 2211 Default is 'flush'.
2875 2212
2876 For details see: Docu 2213 For details see: Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/l1tf.rst
2877 2214
2878 l2cr= [PPC] 2215 l2cr= [PPC]
2879 2216
2880 l3cr= [PPC] 2217 l3cr= [PPC]
2881 2218
2882 lapic [X86-32,APIC,EARLY] E !! 2219 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
2883 disabled it. 2220 disabled it.
2884 2221
2885 lapic= [X86,APIC] Do not use !! 2222 lapic= [x86,APIC] "notscdeadline" Do not use TSC deadline
2886 value for LAPIC timer 2223 value for LAPIC timer one-shot implementation. Default
2887 back to the programma 2224 back to the programmable timer unit in the LAPIC.
2888 Format: notscdeadline <<
2889 2225
2890 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC,EAR !! 2226 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
2891 in C2 power state. 2227 in C2 power state.
2892 2228
2893 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control 2229 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
2894 libata.dma=0 Dis 2230 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
2895 libata.dma=1 PAT 2231 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
2896 libata.dma=2 ATA 2232 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
2897 libata.dma=4 Com 2233 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
2898 Combinations also wor 2234 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
2899 for disks and CDROMs, 2235 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
2900 2236
2901 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Igno 2237 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
2902 libata.ignore_hpa=0 2238 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
2903 libata.ignore_hpa=1 2239 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
2904 2240
2905 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use 2241 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
2906 when set. 2242 when set.
2907 Format: <int> 2243 Format: <int>
2908 2244
2909 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force config !! 2245 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
2910 separated list of "[I !! 2246 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
2911 PORT and DEVICE are d !! 2247 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
2912 or device. Basically !! 2248 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
2913 printed on console by !! 2249 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
2914 omitted, the last POR !! 2250 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
2915 ID hasn't been specif !! 2251 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
2916 to all ports, links a !! 2252 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
2917 2253
2918 If only DEVICE is omi 2254 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
2919 the port and all link 2255 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
2920 number of 0 either se 2256 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
2921 first fan-out link be 2257 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
2922 select the host link. 2258 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
2923 host link and device 2259 host link and device attached to it.
2924 2260
2925 The VAL specifies the 2261 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
2926 as there is no ambigu !! 2262 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
2927 For example, both 1.5 2263 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
2928 The following configu 2264 The following configurations can be forced.
2929 2265
2930 * Cable type: 40c, 80 2266 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
2931 Any ID with matchin 2267 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
2932 2268
2933 * SATA link speed lim 2269 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
2934 2270
2935 * Transfer mode: pio[ 2271 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
2936 udma[/][16,25,33,44 2272 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
2937 allowed. 2273 allowed.
2938 2274
2939 * nohrst, nosrst, nor <<
2940 resets. <<
2941 <<
2942 * rstonce: only attem <<
2943 link recovery. <<
2944 <<
2945 * [no]dbdelay: Enable <<
2946 before debouncing a <<
2947 detection. <<
2948 <<
2949 * [no]ncq: Turn on or 2275 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
2950 2276
2951 * [no]ncqtrim: Enable !! 2277 * [no]ncqtrim: Turn off queued DSM TRIM.
2952 <<
2953 * [no]ncqati: Enable <<
2954 <<
2955 * [no]trim: Enable or <<
2956 <<
2957 * trim_zero: Indicate <<
2958 <<
2959 * max_trim_128m: Set <<
2960 <<
2961 * [no]dma: Turn on or <<
2962 <<
2963 * atapi_dmadir: Enabl <<
2964 <<
2965 * atapi_mod16_dma: En <<
2966 commands that are n <<
2967 2278
2968 * [no]dmalog: Enable !! 2279 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
2969 READ LOG DMA EXT co !! 2280 and both resets.
2970 2281
2971 * [no]iddevlog: Enabl !! 2282 * rstonce: only attempt one reset during
2972 identify device dat !! 2283 hot-unplug link recovery
2973 2284
2974 * [no]logdir: Enable !! 2285 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
2975 purpose log directo <<
2976 2286
2977 * max_sec_128: Set tr !! 2287 * atapi_dmadir: Enable ATAPI DMADIR bridge support
2978 <<
2979 * max_sec_1024: Set o <<
2980 1024 sectors. <<
2981 <<
2982 * max_sec_lba48: Set <<
2983 65535 sectors. <<
2984 <<
2985 * [no]lpm: Enable or <<
2986 <<
2987 * [no]setxfer: Indica <<
2988 should be skipped. <<
2989 <<
2990 * [no]fua: Disable or <<
2991 support for devices <<
2992 <<
2993 * dump_id: Dump IDENT <<
2994 2288
2995 * disable: Disable th 2289 * disable: Disable this device.
2996 2290
2997 If there are multiple 2291 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
2998 the same attribute, t 2292 the same attribute, the last one is used.
2999 2293
3000 load_ramdisk= [RAM] [Deprecated] !! 2294 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
>> 2295
>> 2296 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
>> 2297 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst.
3001 2298
3002 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assig 2299 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
3003 Format: <integer> 2300 Format: <integer>
3004 2301
3005 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign 2302 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
3006 Format: <integer> 2303 Format: <integer>
3007 2304
3008 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign 2305 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
3009 Format: <integer> 2306 Format: <integer>
3010 2307
3011 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign 2308 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
3012 Format: <integer> 2309 Format: <integer>
3013 2310
3014 lockdown= [SECURITY,EARLY] !! 2311 lockdown= [SECURITY]
3015 { integrity | confide 2312 { integrity | confidentiality }
3016 Enable the kernel loc 2313 Enable the kernel lockdown feature. If set to
3017 integrity, kernel fea 2314 integrity, kernel features that allow userland to
3018 modify the running ke 2315 modify the running kernel are disabled. If set to
3019 confidentiality, kern 2316 confidentiality, kernel features that allow userland
3020 to extract confidenti 2317 to extract confidential information from the kernel
3021 are also disabled. 2318 are also disabled.
3022 2319
3023 locktorture.acq_writer_lim= [KNL] <<
3024 Set the time limit in <<
3025 acquisition. Acquisi <<
3026 will result in a spla <<
3027 <<
3028 locktorture.bind_readers= [KNL] <<
3029 Specify the list of C <<
3030 to be bound. <<
3031 <<
3032 locktorture.bind_writers= [KNL] <<
3033 Specify the list of C <<
3034 to be bound. <<
3035 <<
3036 locktorture.call_rcu_chains= [KNL] <<
3037 Specify the number of <<
3038 chains to set up. Th <<
3039 there is a high proba <<
3040 in progress at any gi <<
3041 which disables these <<
3042 <<
3043 locktorture.long_hold= [KNL] <<
3044 Specify the duration <<
3045 occasional long-durat <<
3046 to 100 milliseconds. <<
3047 <<
3048 locktorture.nested_locks= [KNL] <<
3049 Specify the maximum l <<
3050 locktorture is to exe <<
3051 (MAX_NESTED_LOCKS). <<
3052 Note that this parame <<
3053 of locks that do not <<
3054 <<
3055 locktorture.nreaders_stress= [KNL] 2320 locktorture.nreaders_stress= [KNL]
3056 Set the number of loc 2321 Set the number of locking read-acquisition kthreads.
3057 Defaults to being aut 2322 Defaults to being automatically set based on the
3058 number of online CPUs 2323 number of online CPUs.
3059 2324
3060 locktorture.nwriters_stress= [KNL] 2325 locktorture.nwriters_stress= [KNL]
3061 Set the number of loc 2326 Set the number of locking write-acquisition kthreads.
3062 2327
3063 locktorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL] 2328 locktorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
3064 Set time (s) after bo 2329 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
3065 2330
3066 locktorture.onoff_interval= [KNL] 2331 locktorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
3067 Set time (s) between 2332 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
3068 zero to disable CPU-h 2333 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
3069 2334
3070 locktorture.rt_boost= [KNL] <<
3071 Do periodic testing o <<
3072 boosting. Select 0 t <<
3073 only rt_mutex, and 2 <<
3074 Defaults to 2, which <<
3075 odd choice, but which <<
3076 non-real-time spinloc <<
3077 of preemption. Note <<
3078 disable boosting. <<
3079 <<
3080 locktorture.rt_boost_factor= [KNL] <<
3081 Number that determine <<
3082 long priority boostin <<
3083 scaled down by the nu <<
3084 number of boosts per <<
3085 constant as the numbe <<
3086 On the other hand, th <<
3087 increases with the nu <<
3088 <<
3089 locktorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL] 2335 locktorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
3090 Set task-shuffle inte 2336 Set task-shuffle interval (jiffies). Shuffling
3091 tasks allows some CPU 2337 tasks allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle
3092 mode during the lockt 2338 mode during the locktorture test.
3093 2339
3094 locktorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL] 2340 locktorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
3095 Set time (s) after bo 2341 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
3096 is useful for hands-o 2342 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
3097 2343
3098 locktorture.stat_interval= [KNL] 2344 locktorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
3099 Time (s) between stat 2345 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
3100 2346
3101 locktorture.stutter= [KNL] 2347 locktorture.stutter= [KNL]
3102 Time (s) to stutter t 2348 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example,
3103 specifying five secon 2349 specifying five seconds causes the test to run for
3104 five seconds, wait fo 2350 five seconds, wait for five seconds, and so on.
3105 This tests the lockin 2351 This tests the locking primitive's ability to
3106 transition abruptly t 2352 transition abruptly to and from idle.
3107 2353
3108 locktorture.torture_type= [KNL] 2354 locktorture.torture_type= [KNL]
3109 Specify the locking i 2355 Specify the locking implementation to test.
3110 2356
3111 locktorture.verbose= [KNL] 2357 locktorture.verbose= [KNL]
3112 Enable additional pri 2358 Enable additional printk() statements.
3113 2359
3114 locktorture.writer_fifo= [KNL] <<
3115 Run the write-side lo <<
3116 sched_set_fifo() real <<
3117 <<
3118 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech B 2360 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
3119 Format: <irq> 2361 Format: <irq>
3120 2362
3121 loglevel= [KNL,EARLY] !! 2363 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
3122 All Kernel Messages w <<
3123 console loglevel will 2364 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
3124 also be changed with 2365 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
3125 loglevels are defined 2366 loglevels are defined as follows:
3126 2367
3127 0 (KERN_EMERG) 2368 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
3128 1 (KERN_ALERT) 2369 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
3129 2 (KERN_CRIT) 2370 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
3130 3 (KERN_ERR) 2371 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
3131 4 (KERN_WARNING) 2372 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
3132 5 (KERN_NOTICE) 2373 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
3133 6 (KERN_INFO) 2374 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
3134 7 (KERN_DEBUG) 2375 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
3135 2376
3136 log_buf_len=n[KMG] [KNL,EARLY] !! 2377 log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
3137 Sets the size of the !! 2378 in bytes. n must be a power of two and greater
3138 n must be a power of !! 2379 than the minimal size. The minimal size is defined
3139 minimal size. The min !! 2380 by LOG_BUF_SHIFT kernel config parameter. There is
3140 LOG_BUF_SHIFT kernel !! 2381 also CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT config parameter
3141 is also CONFIG_LOG_CP !! 2382 that allows to increase the default size depending on
3142 parameter that allows !! 2383 the number of CPUs. See init/Kconfig for more details.
3143 depending on the numb <<
3144 for more details. <<
3145 2384
3146 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display 2385 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
3147 This may be used to p 2386 This may be used to provide more screen space for
3148 kernel log messages a 2387 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
3149 kernel boot problems. 2388 kernel boot problems.
3150 2389
3151 lp=0 [LP] Specify paral 2390 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
3152 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parpo 2391 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
3153 lp=reset first paralle 2392 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
3154 lp=auto printer drive 2393 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
3155 specified in 2394 specified in addition to the ports) causes
3156 attached prin 2395 attached printers to be reset. Using
3157 lp=port1,port 2396 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
3158 to associate 2397 to associate lp devices with, starting with
3159 lp0. A port s 2398 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
3160 that lp devic 2399 that lp device, or a parport name such as
3161 'parport0'. S 2400 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
3162 port specific 2401 port specification list means that device IDs
3163 from each por 2402 from each port should be examined, to see if
3164 an IEEE 1284- 2403 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
3165 so, the drive 2404 so, the driver will manage that printer.
3166 See also head 2405 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
3167 2406
3168 lpj=n [KNL] 2407 lpj=n [KNL]
3169 Sets loops_per_jiffy 2408 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
3170 time-consuming boot-t 2409 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
3171 CPU). 0 enables autod 2410 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
3172 the correct value for 2411 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
3173 autodetection and see 2412 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
3174 on SMP systems the pr 2413 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
3175 which is likely to ca 2414 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
3176 significantly diverge 2415 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
3177 will cause delays in 2416 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
3178 unpredictable I/O err 2417 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
3179 unlikely, in the extr 2418 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
3180 hardware. 2419 hardware.
3181 2420
>> 2421 ltpc= [NET]
>> 2422 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
>> 2423
3182 lsm.debug [SECURITY] Enable LSM 2424 lsm.debug [SECURITY] Enable LSM initialization debugging output.
3183 2425
3184 lsm=lsm1,...,lsmN 2426 lsm=lsm1,...,lsmN
3185 [SECURITY] Choose ord 2427 [SECURITY] Choose order of LSM initialization. This
3186 overrides CONFIG_LSM, 2428 overrides CONFIG_LSM, and the "security=" parameter.
3187 2429
3188 machtype= [Loongson] Share the !! 2430 machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
3189 different yeeloong la !! 2431 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
>> 2432 Example: machvec=hpzx1
>> 2433
>> 2434 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
>> 2435 yeeloong laptop.
3190 Example: machtype=lem 2436 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
3191 2437
3192 maxcpus= [SMP,EARLY] Maximum n !! 2438 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
>> 2439 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
>> 2440
>> 2441 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
3193 will bring up during 2442 will bring up during bootup. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits
3194 the kernel to bring u 2443 the kernel to bring up 'n' processors. Surely after
3195 bootup you can bring 2444 bootup you can bring up the other plugged cpu by executing
3196 "echo 1 > /sys/device 2445 "echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/online". So maxcpus
3197 only takes effect dur 2446 only takes effect during system bootup.
3198 While n=0 is a specia 2447 While n=0 is a special case, it is equivalent to "nosmp",
3199 which also disables t 2448 which also disables the IO APIC.
3200 2449
3201 max_loop= [LOOP] The number of 2450 max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get
3202 (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-c 2451 (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
3203 number is configured 2452 number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead
3204 of statically allocat 2453 of statically allocating a predefined number, loop
3205 devices can be reques 2454 devices can be requested on-demand with the
3206 /dev/loop-control int 2455 /dev/loop-control interface.
3207 2456
3208 mce [X86-32] Machine Chec 2457 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
3209 2458
3210 mce=option [X86-64] See Document !! 2459 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.rst
3211 2460
3212 md= [HW] RAID subsystems 2461 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
3213 See Documentation/adm 2462 See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst.
3214 2463
3215 mdacon= [MDA] 2464 mdacon= [MDA]
3216 Format: <first>,<last 2465 Format: <first>,<last>
3217 Specifies range of co 2466 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
3218 2467
3219 mds= [X86,INTEL,EARLY] !! 2468 mds= [X86,INTEL]
3220 Control mitigation fo 2469 Control mitigation for the Micro-architectural Data
3221 Sampling (MDS) vulner 2470 Sampling (MDS) vulnerability.
3222 2471
3223 Certain CPUs are vuln 2472 Certain CPUs are vulnerable to an exploit against CPU
3224 internal buffers whic 2473 internal buffers which can forward information to a
3225 disclosure gadget und 2474 disclosure gadget under certain conditions.
3226 2475
3227 In vulnerable process 2476 In vulnerable processors, the speculatively
3228 forwarded data can be 2477 forwarded data can be used in a cache side channel
3229 attack, to access dat 2478 attack, to access data to which the attacker does
3230 not have direct acces 2479 not have direct access.
3231 2480
3232 This parameter contro 2481 This parameter controls the MDS mitigation. The
3233 options are: 2482 options are:
3234 2483
3235 full - Enable M 2484 full - Enable MDS mitigation on vulnerable CPUs
3236 full,nosmt - Enable M 2485 full,nosmt - Enable MDS mitigation and disable
3237 SMT on v 2486 SMT on vulnerable CPUs
3238 off - Uncondit 2487 off - Unconditionally disable MDS mitigation
3239 2488
3240 On TAA-affected machi 2489 On TAA-affected machines, mds=off can be prevented by
3241 an active TAA mitigat 2490 an active TAA mitigation as both vulnerabilities are
3242 mitigated with the sa 2491 mitigated with the same mechanism so in order to disable
3243 this mitigation, you 2492 this mitigation, you need to specify tsx_async_abort=off
3244 too. 2493 too.
3245 2494
3246 Not specifying this o 2495 Not specifying this option is equivalent to
3247 mds=full. 2496 mds=full.
3248 2497
3249 For details see: Docu 2498 For details see: Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/mds.rst
3250 2499
3251 mem=nn[KMG] [HEXAGON,EARLY] Set t !! 2500 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
3252 Must be specified, ot !! 2501 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
3253 !! 2502 to see the whole system memory or for test.
3254 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,EARLY] Forc <<
3255 of memory Amount of m <<
3256 as follows: <<
3257 <<
3258 1 for test; <<
3259 2 when the kernel is <<
3260 3 memory that lies af <<
3261 the hypervisor, then <<
3262 4 to limit the memory <<
3263 <<
3264 [ARC,MICROBLAZE] - th <<
3265 high memory is not af <<
3266 <<
3267 [ARM64] - only limits <<
3268 mapping. The NOMAP re <<
3269 <<
3270 [X86] Work as limitin 2503 [X86] Work as limiting max address. Use together
3271 with memmap= to avoid 2504 with memmap= to avoid physical address space collisions.
3272 Without memmap= PCI d 2505 Without memmap= PCI devices could be placed at addresses
3273 belonging to unused R 2506 belonging to unused RAM.
3274 2507
3275 Note that this only t <<
3276 in above case 3, memo <<
3277 if system memory of h <<
3278 <<
3279 mem=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG] <<
3280 [ARM,MIPS,EARLY] - ov <<
3281 reported by firmware. <<
3282 Define a memory regio <<
3283 ss[KMG]. <<
3284 Multiple different re <<
3285 multiple mem= paramet <<
3286 <<
3287 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable 2508 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
3288 memory. 2509 memory.
3289 2510
3290 memblock=debug [KNL,EARLY] Enable me <<
3291 <<
3292 memchunk=nn[KMG] 2511 memchunk=nn[KMG]
3293 [KNL,SH] Allow user t 2512 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
3294 per-device physically 2513 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
3295 2514
3296 memhp_default_state=online/offline/on !! 2515 memhp_default_state=online/offline
3297 [KNL] Set the initial 2516 [KNL] Set the initial state for the memory hotplug
3298 onlining policy. If n 2517 onlining policy. If not specified, the default value is
3299 set according to the 2518 set according to the
3300 CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG 2519 CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_DEFAULT_ONLINE kernel config
3301 option. 2520 option.
3302 See Documentation/adm 2521 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/memory-hotplug.rst.
3303 2522
3304 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86,EARLY] Enabl !! 2523 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
3305 E820 memory map, as s 2524 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
3306 Such memmap=exactmap 2525 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
3307 BIOS output or other 2526 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
3308 option description. 2527 option description.
3309 2528
3310 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG] 2529 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
3311 [KNL, X86,MIPS,XTENSA !! 2530 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory.
3312 Region of memory to b 2531 Region of memory to be used is from ss to ss+nn.
3313 If @ss[KMG] is omitte 2532 If @ss[KMG] is omitted, it is equivalent to mem=nn[KMG],
3314 which limits max addr 2533 which limits max address to nn[KMG].
3315 Multiple different re 2534 Multiple different regions can be specified,
3316 comma delimited. 2535 comma delimited.
3317 Example: 2536 Example:
3318 memmap=100M@2 2537 memmap=100M@2G,100M#3G,1G!1024G
3319 2538
3320 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG] 2539 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
3321 [KNL,ACPI,EARLY] Mark !! 2540 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
3322 Region of memory to b 2541 Region of memory to be marked is from ss to ss+nn.
3323 2542
3324 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG] 2543 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
3325 [KNL,ACPI,EARLY] Mark !! 2544 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
3326 Region of memory to b 2545 Region of memory to be reserved is from ss to ss+nn.
3327 Example: Exclude memo 2546 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
3328 memmap=64K$0 2547 memmap=64K$0x18690000
3329 or 2548 or
3330 memmap=0x100 2549 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
3331 Some bootloaders may 2550 Some bootloaders may need an escape character before '$',
3332 like Grub2, otherwise 2551 like Grub2, otherwise '$' and the following number
3333 will be eaten. 2552 will be eaten.
3334 2553
3335 memmap=nn[KMG]!ss[KMG,EARLY] !! 2554 memmap=nn[KMG]!ss[KMG]
3336 [KNL,X86] Mark specif 2555 [KNL,X86] Mark specific memory as protected.
3337 Region of memory to b 2556 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
3338 The memory region may 2557 The memory region may be marked as e820 type 12 (0xc)
3339 and is NVDIMM or ADR 2558 and is NVDIMM or ADR memory.
3340 2559
3341 memmap=<size>%<offset>-<oldtype>+<new 2560 memmap=<size>%<offset>-<oldtype>+<newtype>
3342 [KNL,ACPI,EARLY] Conv !! 2561 [KNL,ACPI] Convert memory within the specified region
3343 from <oldtype> to <ne 2562 from <oldtype> to <newtype>. If "-<oldtype>" is left
3344 out, the whole region 2563 out, the whole region will be marked as <newtype>,
3345 even if previously un 2564 even if previously unavailable. If "+<newtype>" is left
3346 out, matching memory 2565 out, matching memory will be removed. Types are
3347 specified as e820 typ 2566 specified as e820 types, e.g., 1 = RAM, 2 = reserved,
3348 3 = ACPI, 12 = PRAM. 2567 3 = ACPI, 12 = PRAM.
3349 2568
3350 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86,EARL !! 2569 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
3351 Some BIOSes seem to c 2570 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
3352 memory when doing thi 2571 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
3353 Setting this option w 2572 Setting this option will scan the memory
3354 looking for corruptio 2573 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
3355 both detect corruptio 2574 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
3356 from using the memory 2575 from using the memory being corrupted.
3357 However, its intended 2576 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
3358 repeatable BIOS-origi 2577 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
3359 affects the same memo 2578 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
3360 to prevent the kernel 2579 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
3361 2580
3362 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X8 !! 2581 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
3363 By default it checks 2582 By default it checks for corruption in the low
3364 64k, making this memo 2583 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
3365 use. Use this parame 2584 use. Use this parameter to scan for
3366 corruption in more or 2585 corruption in more or less memory.
3367 2586
3368 memory_corruption_check_period=second !! 2587 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
3369 By default it checks 2588 By default it checks for corruption every 60
3370 seconds. Use this pa 2589 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
3371 other rate. 0 disabl 2590 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
3372 2591
3373 memory_hotplug.memmap_on_memory !! 2592 memtest= [KNL,X86,ARM,PPC] Enable memtest
3374 [KNL,X86,ARM] Boolean <<
3375 Format: {on | off (de <<
3376 When enabled, runtime <<
3377 allocate its internal <<
3378 those vmemmap pages c <<
3379 if hugetlb_free_vmemm <<
3380 hotadded memory which <<
3381 lot of memory without <<
3382 memory to do so. <<
3383 This feature is disab <<
3384 has some implication <<
3385 allocations in some c <<
3386 memory blocks). <<
3387 The state of the flag <<
3388 /sys/module/memory_ho <<
3389 Note that even when e <<
3390 the feature is not ef <<
3391 <<
3392 memtest= [KNL,X86,ARM,M68K,PPC <<
3393 Format: <integer> 2593 Format: <integer>
3394 default : 0 <disable> 2594 default : 0 <disable>
3395 Specifies the number 2595 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
3396 performed. Each pass 2596 performed. Each pass selects another test
3397 pattern from a given 2597 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
3398 fills the memory with 2598 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
3399 memory contents and r 2599 memory contents and reserves bad memory
3400 regions that are dete 2600 regions that are detected.
3401 2601
3402 mem_encrypt= [X86-64] AMD Secure M 2602 mem_encrypt= [X86-64] AMD Secure Memory Encryption (SME) control
3403 Valid arguments: on, 2603 Valid arguments: on, off
3404 Default: off !! 2604 Default (depends on kernel configuration option):
>> 2605 on (CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT_ACTIVE_BY_DEFAULT=y)
>> 2606 off (CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT_ACTIVE_BY_DEFAULT=n)
3405 mem_encrypt=on: 2607 mem_encrypt=on: Activate SME
3406 mem_encrypt=off: 2608 mem_encrypt=off: Do not activate SME
3407 2609
3408 Refer to Documentatio !! 2610 Refer to Documentation/virt/kvm/amd-memory-encryption.rst
3409 for details on when m 2611 for details on when memory encryption can be activated.
3410 2612
3411 mem_sleep_default= [SUSPEND] Def 2613 mem_sleep_default= [SUSPEND] Default system suspend mode:
3412 s2idle - Suspend-To- 2614 s2idle - Suspend-To-Idle
3413 shallow - Power-On Su 2615 shallow - Power-On Suspend or equivalent (if supported)
3414 deep - Suspend-To- 2616 deep - Suspend-To-RAM or equivalent (if supported)
3415 See Documentation/adm 2617 See Documentation/admin-guide/pm/sleep-states.rst.
3416 2618
>> 2619 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
>> 2620 See Documentation/media/v4l-drivers/meye.rst.
>> 2621
>> 2622 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
>> 2623 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
>> 2624 platforms.
>> 2625
3417 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT ti 2626 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
3418 the BIOS has incorrec 2627 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
3419 version 0.98 is known 2628 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
3420 problem by letting th 2629 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
3421 2630
3422 mga= [HW,DRM] 2631 mga= [HW,DRM]
3423 2632
3424 microcode.force_minrev= [X86] !! 2633 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
3425 Format: <bool> !! 2634 physical address is ignored.
3426 Enable or disable the <<
3427 enforcement for the r <<
3428 2635
3429 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL] 2636 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
3430 Format:[0..2][b][c][t 2637 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
3431 Default: "0tb" 2638 Default: "0tb"
3432 MINI2440 configuratio 2639 MINI2440 configuration specification:
3433 0 - The attached scre 2640 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
3434 1 - The attached scre 2641 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
3435 2 - The VGA Shield is 2642 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
3436 Leaving out the scree 2643 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
3437 the TFT driver, and t 2644 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
3438 unconfigured. 2645 unconfigured.
3439 b - Enable backlight. 2646 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
3440 linked to the kernel 2647 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
3441 LED. This parameter i 2648 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
3442 VGA shield. 2649 VGA shield.
3443 c - Enable the s3c ca 2650 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
3444 t - Reserved for enab 2651 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
3445 touchscreen support i 2652 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
3446 kernel as of 2.6.30, 2653 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
3447 in the "bleeding edge 2654 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
3448 https://repo.or.cz/w/ !! 2655 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
3449 2656
3450 mitigations= 2657 mitigations=
3451 [X86,PPC,S390,ARM64,E !! 2658 [X86,PPC,S390,ARM64] Control optional mitigations for
3452 CPU vulnerabilities. 2659 CPU vulnerabilities. This is a set of curated,
3453 arch-independent opti 2660 arch-independent options, each of which is an
3454 aggregation of existi 2661 aggregation of existing arch-specific options.
3455 2662
3456 Note, "mitigations" i <<
3457 kernel was built with <<
3458 <<
3459 off 2663 off
3460 Disable all o 2664 Disable all optional CPU mitigations. This
3461 improves syst 2665 improves system performance, but it may also
3462 expose users 2666 expose users to several CPU vulnerabilities.
3463 Equivalent to !! 2667 Equivalent to: nopti [X86,PPC]
3464 !! 2668 kpti=0 [ARM64]
3465 <<
3466 <<
3467 <<
3468 <<
3469 <<
3470 <<
3471 <<
3472 <<
3473 <<
3474 2669 nospectre_v1 [X86,PPC]
>> 2670 nobp=0 [S390]
3475 2671 nospectre_v2 [X86,PPC,S390,ARM64]
3476 <<
3477 <<
3478 <<
3479 <<
3480 <<
3481 2672 spectre_v2_user=off [X86]
3482 !! 2673 spec_store_bypass_disable=off [X86,PPC]
3483 2674 ssbd=force-off [ARM64]
>> 2675 l1tf=off [X86]
>> 2676 mds=off [X86]
3484 2677 tsx_async_abort=off [X86]
>> 2678 kvm.nx_huge_pages=off [X86]
3485 2679
3486 Exceptions: 2680 Exceptions:
3487 2681 This does not have any effect on
3488 2682 kvm.nx_huge_pages when
3489 2683 kvm.nx_huge_pages=force.
3490 2684
3491 auto (default) 2685 auto (default)
3492 Mitigate all 2686 Mitigate all CPU vulnerabilities, but leave SMT
3493 enabled, even 2687 enabled, even if it's vulnerable. This is for
3494 users who don 2688 users who don't want to be surprised by SMT
3495 getting disab 2689 getting disabled across kernel upgrades, or who
3496 have other wa 2690 have other ways of avoiding SMT-based attacks.
3497 Equivalent to 2691 Equivalent to: (default behavior)
3498 2692
3499 auto,nosmt 2693 auto,nosmt
3500 Mitigate all 2694 Mitigate all CPU vulnerabilities, disabling SMT
3501 if needed. T 2695 if needed. This is for users who always want to
3502 be fully miti 2696 be fully mitigated, even if it means losing SMT.
3503 Equivalent to 2697 Equivalent to: l1tf=flush,nosmt [X86]
3504 2698 mds=full,nosmt [X86]
3505 2699 tsx_async_abort=full,nosmt [X86]
3506 <<
3507 <<
3508 2700
3509 mminit_loglevel= 2701 mminit_loglevel=
3510 [KNL,EARLY] When CONF !! 2702 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
3511 parameter allows cont 2703 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
3512 the additional memory 2704 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
3513 of 0 disables mminit 2705 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
3514 log everything. Infor 2706 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
3515 so loglevel=8 may als 2707 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
3516 2708
3517 mmio_stale_data= <<
3518 [X86,INTEL,EARLY] Con <<
3519 MMIO Stale Data vulne <<
3520 <<
3521 Processor MMIO Stale <<
3522 vulnerabilities that <<
3523 operation. Exposed da <<
3524 the same CPU buffers <<
3525 Therefore, similar to <<
3526 is to clear the affec <<
3527 <<
3528 This parameter contro <<
3529 options are: <<
3530 <<
3531 full - Enable m <<
3532 <<
3533 full,nosmt - Enable m <<
3534 vulnerab <<
3535 <<
3536 off - Uncondit <<
3537 <<
3538 On MDS or TAA affecte <<
3539 mmio_stale_data=off c <<
3540 MDS or TAA mitigation <<
3541 mitigated with the sa <<
3542 disable this mitigati <<
3543 mds=off and tsx_async <<
3544 <<
3545 Not specifying this o <<
3546 mmio_stale_data=full. <<
3547 <<
3548 For details see: <<
3549 Documentation/admin-g <<
3550 <<
3551 <module>.async_probe[=<bool>] [KNL] <<
3552 If no <bool> value is <<
3553 specified is not a va <<
3554 probe on this module. <<
3555 asynchronous probe on <<
3556 <bool> value. See als <<
3557 <<
3558 module.async_probe=<bool> <<
3559 [KNL] When set to tru <<
3560 by default. To enable <<
3561 specific module, use <<
3562 is documented under < <<
3563 module.async_probe an <<
3564 specified, <module>.a <<
3565 the specific module. <<
3566 <<
3567 module.enable_dups_trace <<
3568 [KNL] When CONFIG_MOD <<
3569 this means that dupli <<
3570 trigger a WARN_ON() i <<
3571 if MODULE_DEBUG_AUTOL <<
3572 will always be issued <<
3573 module.sig_enforce 2709 module.sig_enforce
3574 [KNL] When CONFIG_MOD 2710 [KNL] When CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is set, this means that
3575 modules without (vali 2711 modules without (valid) signatures will fail to load.
3576 Note that if CONFIG_M 2712 Note that if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE is set, that
3577 is always true, so th 2713 is always true, so this option does nothing.
3578 2714
3579 module_blacklist= [KNL] Do not load 2715 module_blacklist= [KNL] Do not load a comma-separated list of
3580 modules. Useful for 2716 modules. Useful for debugging problem modules.
3581 2717
3582 mousedev.tap_time= 2718 mousedev.tap_time=
3583 [MOUSE] Maximum time 2719 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
3584 leaving touchpad surf 2720 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
3585 a tap and be reported 2721 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
3586 touchpads working in 2722 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
3587 Format: <msecs> 2723 Format: <msecs>
3588 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal sc 2724 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
3589 reporting absolute co 2725 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
3590 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical scre 2726 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
3591 reporting absolute co 2727 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
3592 2728
3593 movablecore= [KNL,X86,PPC,EARLY] !! 2729 movablecore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC]
3594 Format: nn[KMGTPE] | 2730 Format: nn[KMGTPE] | nn%
3595 This parameter is the 2731 This parameter is the complement to kernelcore=, it
3596 specifies the amount 2732 specifies the amount of memory used for migratable
3597 allocations. If both 2733 allocations. If both kernelcore and movablecore is
3598 specified, then kerne 2734 specified, then kernelcore will be at *least* the
3599 specified value but m 2735 specified value but may be more. If movablecore on its
3600 own is specified, the 2736 own is specified, the administrator must be careful
3601 that the amount of me 2737 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
3602 is not too small. 2738 is not too small.
3603 2739
3604 movable_node [KNL,EARLY] Boot-time !! 2740 movable_node [KNL] Boot-time switch to make hotplugable memory
3605 NUMA nodes to be mova 2741 NUMA nodes to be movable. This means that the memory
3606 of such nodes will be 2742 of such nodes will be usable only for movable
3607 allocations which rul 2743 allocations which rules out almost all kernel
3608 allocations. Use with 2744 allocations. Use with caution!
3609 2745
3610 MTD_Partition= [MTD] 2746 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
3611 Format: <name>,<regio 2747 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
3612 2748
3613 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format: 2749 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
3614 <name>,<region-number 2750 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
3615 2751
3616 mtdparts= [MTD] 2752 mtdparts= [MTD]
3617 See drivers/mtd/parse !! 2753 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
>> 2754
>> 2755 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
>> 2756 firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
>> 2757 at a time.
>> 2758
>> 2759 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
>> 2760
>> 2761 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
>> 2762
>> 2763 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
>> 2764 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
>> 2765 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
>> 2766 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
>> 2767 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
>> 2768
>> 2769 mtdset= [ARM]
>> 2770 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
>> 2771
>> 2772 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
3618 2773
3619 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates= 2774 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
3620 [HW] Make the MicroTo 2775 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
3621 ('y', default) or coo 2776 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
3622 2777
3623 mtrr=debug [X86,EARLY] !! 2778 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
3624 Enable printing debug <<
3625 registers at boot tim <<
3626 <<
3627 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG,X86,EARLY] <<
3628 used for mtrr cleanup 2779 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
3629 that could hold holes 2780 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
3630 2781
3631 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG,X86,EARLY] !! 2782 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
3632 Used for mtrr cleanup 2783 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
3633 Default is 1. 2784 Default is 1.
3634 Large value could pre 2785 Large value could prevent small alignment from
3635 using up MTRRs. 2786 using up MTRRs.
3636 2787
3637 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86,EARLY] !! 2788 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
3638 Format: <integer> 2789 Format: <integer>
3639 Range: 0,7 : spare re 2790 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
3640 Default : 1 2791 Default : 1
3641 Used for mtrr cleanup 2792 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
3642 Set to 2 or more if y 2793 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
3643 2794
3644 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter <<
3645 firmware feature for <<
3646 at a time. <<
3647 <<
3648 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom 2795 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
3649 2796
3650 netdev= [NET] Network devices 2797 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
3651 Format: <irq>,<io>,<m 2798 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
3652 Note that mem_start i 2799 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
3653 something different a 2800 something different and driver-specific.
3654 This usage is only do 2801 This usage is only documented in each driver source
3655 file if at all. 2802 file if at all.
3656 2803
3657 netpoll.carrier_timeout= <<
3658 [NET] Specifies amoun <<
3659 netpoll should wait f <<
3660 waits 4 seconds. <<
3661 <<
3662 nf_conntrack.acct= 2804 nf_conntrack.acct=
3663 [NETFILTER] Enable co 2805 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
3664 0 to disable accounti 2806 0 to disable accounting
3665 1 to enable accountin 2807 1 to enable accounting
3666 Default value is 0. 2808 Default value is 0.
3667 2809
3668 nfs.cache_getent= !! 2810 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
3669 [NFS] sets the pathna !! 2811 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
3670 to update the NFS cli <<
3671 2812
3672 nfs.cache_getent_timeout= !! 2813 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
3673 [NFS] sets the timeou !! 2814 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
3674 update a cache entry !! 2815
>> 2816 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
>> 2817 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
3675 2818
3676 nfs.callback_nr_threads= 2819 nfs.callback_nr_threads=
3677 [NFSv4] set the total 2820 [NFSv4] set the total number of threads that the
3678 NFS client will assig 2821 NFS client will assign to service NFSv4 callback
3679 requests. 2822 requests.
3680 2823
3681 nfs.callback_tcpport= 2824 nfs.callback_tcpport=
3682 [NFS] set the TCP por 2825 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
3683 channel should listen 2826 channel should listen.
3684 2827
3685 nfs.delay_retrans= !! 2828 nfs.cache_getent=
3686 [NFS] specifies the n !! 2829 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
3687 retries the request b !! 2830 to update the NFS client cache entries.
3688 after a reply of NFS4 !! 2831
3689 Only applies if the s !! 2832 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
3690 and the specified val !! 2833 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
>> 2834 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
>> 2835
>> 2836 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
>> 2837 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
>> 2838 entries.
3691 2839
3692 nfs.enable_ino64= 2840 nfs.enable_ino64=
3693 [NFS] enable 64-bit i 2841 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
3694 If zero, the NFS clie 2842 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
3695 number for the readdi 2843 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
3696 of returning the full 2844 of returning the full 64-bit number.
3697 The default is to ret 2845 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
3698 2846
3699 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout= <<
3700 [NFS] set the maximum <<
3701 entries. <<
3702 <<
3703 nfs.max_session_cb_slots= 2847 nfs.max_session_cb_slots=
3704 [NFSv4.1] Sets the ma 2848 [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session
3705 slots the client will 2849 slots the client will assign to the callback
3706 channel. This determi 2850 channel. This determines the maximum number of
3707 callbacks the client 2851 callbacks the client will process in parallel for
3708 a particular server. 2852 a particular server.
3709 2853
3710 nfs.max_session_slots= 2854 nfs.max_session_slots=
3711 [NFSv4.1] Sets the ma 2855 [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots
3712 the client will attem 2856 the client will attempt to negotiate with the server.
3713 This limits the numbe 2857 This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests
3714 that the client can s 2858 that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server.
3715 Note that there is li 2859 Note that there is little point in setting this
3716 value higher than the 2860 value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit.
3717 2861
3718 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping= 2862 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
3719 [NFSv4] When set to t 2863 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option
3720 ensures that both the 2864 ensures that both the RPC level authentication
3721 scheme and the NFS le 2865 scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use
3722 numeric uids/gids if 2866 numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the
3723 'sec=sys' security fl 2867 'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is
3724 disabling idmapping, 2868 disabling idmapping, which can make migration from
3725 legacy NFSv2/v3 syste 2869 legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier.
3726 Servers that do not s 2870 Servers that do not support this mode of operation
3727 will be autodetected 2871 will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall
3728 back to using the idm 2872 back to using the idmapper.
3729 To turn off this beha 2873 To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'.
3730 <<
3731 nfs.nfs4_unique_id= 2874 nfs.nfs4_unique_id=
3732 [NFS4] Specify an add 2875 [NFS4] Specify an additional fixed unique ident-
3733 ification string that 2876 ification string that NFSv4 clients can insert into
3734 their nfs_client_id4 2877 their nfs_client_id4 string. This is typically a
3735 UUID that is generate 2878 UUID that is generated at system install time.
3736 2879
3737 nfs.recover_lost_locks= !! 2880 nfs.send_implementation_id =
>> 2881 [NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification
>> 2882 information in exchange_id requests.
>> 2883 If zero, no implementation identification information
>> 2884 will be sent.
>> 2885 The default is to send the implementation identification
>> 2886 information.
>> 2887
>> 2888 nfs.recover_lost_locks =
3738 [NFSv4] Attempt to re 2889 [NFSv4] Attempt to recover locks that were lost due
3739 to a lease timeout on 2890 to a lease timeout on the server. Please note that
3740 doing this risks data 2891 doing this risks data corruption, since there are
3741 no guarantees that th 2892 no guarantees that the file will remain unchanged
3742 after the locks are l 2893 after the locks are lost.
3743 If you want to enable 2894 If you want to enable the kernel legacy behaviour of
3744 attempting to recover 2895 attempting to recover these locks, then set this
3745 parameter to '1'. 2896 parameter to '1'.
3746 The default parameter 2897 The default parameter value of '0' causes the kernel
3747 not to attempt recove 2898 not to attempt recovery of lost locks.
3748 2899
3749 nfs.send_implementation_id= !! 2900 nfs4.layoutstats_timer =
3750 [NFSv4.1] Send client <<
3751 information in exchan <<
3752 If zero, no implement <<
3753 will be sent. <<
3754 The default is to sen <<
3755 information. <<
3756 <<
3757 nfs4.layoutstats_timer= <<
3758 [NFSv4.2] Change the 2901 [NFSv4.2] Change the rate at which the kernel sends
3759 layoutstats to the pN 2902 layoutstats to the pNFS metadata server.
3760 2903
3761 Setting this to value 2904 Setting this to value to 0 causes the kernel to use
3762 whatever value is the 2905 whatever value is the default set by the layout
3763 driver. A non-zero va 2906 driver. A non-zero value sets the minimum interval
3764 in seconds between la 2907 in seconds between layoutstats transmissions.
3765 2908
3766 nfsd.inter_copy_offload_enable= <<
3767 [NFSv4.2] When set to <<
3768 server-to-server copi <<
3769 the destination of th <<
3770 <<
3771 nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping= 2909 nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
3772 [NFSv4] When set to t 2910 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4
3773 server will return on 2911 server will return only numeric uids and gids to
3774 clients using auth_sy 2912 clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids
3775 and gids from such cl 2913 and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease
3776 migration from NFSv2/ 2914 migration from NFSv2/v3.
3777 2915
3778 nfsd.nfsd4_ssc_umount_timeout= <<
3779 [NFSv4.2] When used a <<
3780 server-to-server copy <<
3781 the source server. I <<
3782 it will be needed aga <<
3783 used for the number o <<
3784 this parameter. <<
3785 <<
3786 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Us <<
3787 See Documentation/adm <<
3788 <<
3789 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesy <<
3790 See Documentation/adm <<
3791 <<
3792 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot <<
3793 See Documentation/adm <<
3794 <<
3795 nmi_backtrace.backtrace_idle [KNL] <<
3796 Dump stacks even of i <<
3797 NMI stack-backtrace r <<
3798 <<
3799 nmi_debug= [KNL,SH] Specify one 2916 nmi_debug= [KNL,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
3800 when a NMI is trigger 2917 when a NMI is triggered.
3801 Format: [state][,regs 2918 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
3802 2919
3803 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugg 2920 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
3804 Format: [panic,][nopa !! 2921 Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num]
3805 Valid num: 0 or 1 2922 Valid num: 0 or 1
3806 0 - turn hardlockup d 2923 0 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog off
3807 1 - turn hardlockup d 2924 1 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog on
3808 rNNN - configure the <<
3809 <<
3810 When panic is specifi 2925 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
3811 timeout occurs (or 'n 2926 timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to not panic on an NMI
3812 watchdog, if CONFIG_B 2927 watchdog, if CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HARDLOCKUP_PANIC is set)
3813 To disable both hard 2928 To disable both hard and soft lockup detectors,
3814 please see 'nowatchdo 2929 please see 'nowatchdog'.
3815 This is useful when y 2930 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
3816 need the box quickly 2931 need the box quickly up again.
3817 2932
3818 These settings can be 2933 These settings can be accessed at runtime via
3819 the nmi_watchdog and 2934 the nmi_watchdog and hardlockup_panic sysctls.
3820 2935
>> 2936 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
>> 2937 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
>> 2938 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
>> 2939 waits 4 seconds.
>> 2940
3821 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells t 2941 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
3822 emulation library eve 2942 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
3823 is present. 2943 is present.
3824 2944
3825 no4lvl [RISCV,EARLY] Disable !! 2945 no5lvl [X86-64] Disable 5-level paging mode. Forces
3826 Forces kernel to use <<
3827 <<
3828 no5lvl [X86-64,RISCV,EARLY] <<
3829 kernel to use 4-level 2946 kernel to use 4-level paging instead.
3830 2947
3831 noalign [KNL,ARM] <<
3832 <<
3833 noapic [SMP,APIC,EARLY] Tell <<
3834 IOAPICs that may be p <<
3835 <<
3836 noautogroup Disable scheduler aut <<
3837 <<
3838 nocache [ARM,EARLY] <<
3839 <<
3840 no_console_suspend 2948 no_console_suspend
3841 [HW] Never suspend th 2949 [HW] Never suspend the console
3842 Disable suspending of 2950 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
3843 hibernate operations. 2951 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
3844 messages can reach va 2952 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
3845 of the system is bein 2953 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
3846 debugging driver susp 2954 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
3847 not work reliably wit 2955 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
3848 to work with serial a 2956 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
3849 To facilitate more fl 2957 To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add
3850 console_suspend, a pr 2958 console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control
3851 it. Users could use c 2959 it. Users could use console_suspend (usually
3852 /sys/module/printk/pa 2960 /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to
3853 turn on/off it dynami 2961 turn on/off it dynamically.
3854 2962
3855 no_debug_objects !! 2963 novmcoredd [KNL,KDUMP]
3856 [KNL,EARLY] Disable o !! 2964 Disable device dump. Device dump allows drivers to
>> 2965 append dump data to vmcore so you can collect driver
>> 2966 specified debug info. Drivers can append the data
>> 2967 without any limit and this data is stored in memory,
>> 2968 so this may cause significant memory stress. Disabling
>> 2969 device dump can help save memory but the driver debug
>> 2970 data will be no longer available. This parameter
>> 2971 is only available when CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE_DEVICE_DUMP
>> 2972 is set.
>> 2973
>> 2974 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
>> 2975 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
>> 2976 but will impact performance.
>> 2977
>> 2978 noalign [KNL,ARM]
>> 2979
>> 2980 noaltinstr [S390] Disables alternative instructions patching
>> 2981 (CPU alternatives feature).
>> 2982
>> 2983 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
>> 2984 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
>> 2985
>> 2986 noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
>> 2987
>> 2988 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
>> 2989 on "Classic" PPC cores.
>> 2990
>> 2991 nocache [ARM]
>> 2992
>> 2993 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
>> 2994
>> 2995 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
3857 2996
3858 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware 2997 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
3859 2998
3860 noefi [EFI,EARLY] Disable E !! 2999 noefi Disable EFI runtime services support.
>> 3000
>> 3001 noexec [IA-64]
3861 3002
3862 no_entry_flush [PPC,EARLY] Don't flu !! 3003 noexec [X86]
>> 3004 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
>> 3005 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
>> 3006 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
>> 3007
>> 3008 nosmap [X86,PPC]
>> 3009 Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)
>> 3010 even if it is supported by processor.
>> 3011
>> 3012 nosmep [X86,PPC]
>> 3013 Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention)
>> 3014 even if it is supported by processor.
3863 3015
3864 noexec32 [X86-64] 3016 noexec32 [X86-64]
3865 This affects only 32- 3017 This affects only 32-bit executables.
3866 noexec32=on: enable n 3018 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
3867 read doesn't 3019 read doesn't imply executable mappings
3868 noexec32=off: disable 3020 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
3869 read implies 3021 read implies executable mappings
3870 3022
3871 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not <<
3872 only way then for a f <<
3873 is to be setuid root <<
3874 <<
3875 nofpu [MIPS,SH] Disable har 3023 nofpu [MIPS,SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
3876 3024
3877 nofsgsbase [X86] Disables FSGSBA <<
3878 <<
3879 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disable 3025 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
3880 register save and res 3026 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
3881 legacy floating-point 3027 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
3882 3028
3883 no_hash_pointers !! 3029 nohugeiomap [KNL,x86,PPC] Disable kernel huge I/O mappings.
3884 [KNL,EARLY] <<
3885 Force pointers printe <<
3886 unhashed. By default <<
3887 format string, that p <<
3888 by hashing the pointe <<
3889 that hides actual ker <<
3890 users, but it also ma <<
3891 difficult since unequ <<
3892 compared. However, i <<
3893 specified, then all n <<
3894 value printed. This o <<
3895 debugging the kernel. <<
3896 kernels. <<
3897 3030
3898 nohibernate [HIBERNATION] Disable !! 3031 nosmt [KNL,S390] Disable symmetric multithreading (SMT).
>> 3032 Equivalent to smt=1.
3899 3033
3900 nohlt [ARM,ARM64,MICROBLAZE !! 3034 [KNL,x86] Disable symmetric multithreading (SMT).
3901 busy wait in do_idle( !! 3035 nosmt=force: Force disable SMT, cannot be undone
3902 implementation; requi !! 3036 via the sysfs control file.
3903 to be effective. This <<
3904 sleep(SH) or wfi(ARM, <<
3905 correctly or when doi <<
3906 the impact of the sle <<
3907 useful when using JTA <<
3908 3037
3909 nohugeiomap [KNL,X86,PPC,ARM64,EA !! 3038 nospectre_v1 [X86,PPC] Disable mitigations for Spectre Variant 1
>> 3039 (bounds check bypass). With this option data leaks are
>> 3040 possible in the system.
>> 3041
>> 3042 nospectre_v2 [X86,PPC_FSL_BOOK3E,ARM64] Disable all mitigations for
>> 3043 the Spectre variant 2 (indirect branch prediction)
>> 3044 vulnerability. System may allow data leaks with this
>> 3045 option.
>> 3046
>> 3047 nospec_store_bypass_disable
>> 3048 [HW] Disable all mitigations for the Speculative Store Bypass vulnerability
>> 3049
>> 3050 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
>> 3051 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
>> 3052 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
>> 3053
>> 3054 noxsaveopt [X86] Disables xsaveopt used in saving x86 extended
>> 3055 register states. The kernel will fall back to use
>> 3056 xsave to save the states. By using this parameter,
>> 3057 performance of saving the states is degraded because
>> 3058 xsave doesn't support modified optimization while
>> 3059 xsaveopt supports it on xsaveopt enabled systems.
>> 3060
>> 3061 noxsaves [X86] Disables xsaves and xrstors used in saving and
>> 3062 restoring x86 extended register state in compacted
>> 3063 form of xsave area. The kernel will fall back to use
>> 3064 xsaveopt and xrstor to save and restore the states
>> 3065 in standard form of xsave area. By using this
>> 3066 parameter, xsave area per process might occupy more
>> 3067 memory on xsaves enabled systems.
>> 3068
>> 3069 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
>> 3070 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
>> 3071 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
3910 3072
3911 nohugevmalloc [KNL,X86,PPC,ARM64,EA !! 3073 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
>> 3074 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
>> 3075 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
>> 3076
>> 3077 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
>> 3078 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
>> 3079 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
>> 3080 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
>> 3081 in certain environments such as networked servers or
>> 3082 real-time systems.
>> 3083
>> 3084 nohibernate [HIBERNATION] Disable hibernation and resume.
3912 3085
3913 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable 3086 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
3914 Valid arguments: on, 3087 Valid arguments: on, off
3915 Default: on 3088 Default: on
3916 3089
3917 nohz_full= [KNL,BOOT,SMP,ISOL] 3090 nohz_full= [KNL,BOOT,SMP,ISOL]
3918 The argument is a cpu 3091 The argument is a cpu list, as described above.
3919 In kernels built with 3092 In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, set
3920 the specified list of 3093 the specified list of CPUs whose tick will be stopped
3921 whenever possible. Th 3094 whenever possible. The boot CPU will be forced outside
3922 the range to maintain 3095 the range to maintain the timekeeping. Any CPUs
3923 in this list will hav 3096 in this list will have their RCU callbacks offloaded,
3924 just as if they had a 3097 just as if they had also been called out in the
3925 rcu_nocbs= boot param 3098 rcu_nocbs= boot parameter.
3926 3099
3927 Note that this argume !! 3100 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
3928 the CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_C !! 3101
>> 3102 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
>> 3103 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
>> 3104
>> 3105 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
>> 3106 broken timer IRQ sources.
>> 3107
>> 3108 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
3929 3109
3930 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kerne 3110 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
3931 initial RAM disk. 3111 initial RAM disk.
3932 3112
3933 nointremap [X86-64,Intel-IOMMU,E !! 3113 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
3934 remapping. 3114 remapping.
3935 [Deprecated - use int 3115 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
3936 3116
3937 noinvpcid [X86,EARLY] Disable t !! 3117 nointroute [IA-64]
3938 3118
3939 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped !! 3119 noinvpcid [X86] Disable the INVPCID cpu feature.
3940 3120
3941 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the !! 3121 nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
3942 disable unhandled int <<
3943 3122
3944 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA !! 3123 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
3945 3124
3946 nokaslr [KNL,EARLY] !! 3125 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
3947 When CONFIG_RANDOMIZE <<
3948 kernel and module bas <<
3949 Layout Randomization) <<
3950 <<
3951 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM,EARLY] Disab <<
3952 fault handling. 3126 fault handling.
3953 3127
3954 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM,EARLY] Disab !! 3128 no-vmw-sched-clock
>> 3129 [X86,PV_OPS] Disable paravirtualized VMware scheduler
>> 3130 clock and use the default one.
3955 3131
3956 nolapic [X86-32,APIC,EARLY] D !! 3132 no-steal-acc [X86,KVM,ARM64] Disable paravirtualized steal time
>> 3133 accounting. steal time is computed, but won't
>> 3134 influence scheduler behaviour
3957 3135
3958 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC,EARLY] D !! 3136 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
3959 3137
3960 nomce [X86-32] Disable Mach !! 3138 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
3961 3139
3962 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Mult !! 3140 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
3963 Timer usage (for AMD !! 3141 lowmem mapping on PPC40x and PPC8xx
3964 3142
3965 nomodeset Disable kernel modese !! 3143 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
3966 sets up a display mod <<
3967 for output. With nomo <<
3968 not load if they coul <<
3969 initialized output. O <<
3970 be available for use. <<
3971 perform display-mode <<
3972 3144
3973 Useful as error fallb !! 3145 nomce [X86-32] Disable Machine Check Exception
3974 3146
3975 nomodule Disable module load !! 3147 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
>> 3148 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
3976 3149
3977 nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using N 3150 nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to
3978 shutdown the other cp 3151 shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR
3979 irq. 3152 irq.
3980 3153
3981 nopat [X86,EARLY] Disable P !! 3154 nomodule Disable module load
3982 pagetables) support. <<
3983 <<
3984 nopcid [X86-64,EARLY] Disabl <<
3985 <<
3986 nopku [X86] Disable Memory <<
3987 in some Intel CPUs. <<
3988 <<
3989 nopti [X86-64,EARLY] <<
3990 Equivalent to pti=off <<
3991 3155
3992 nopv= [X86,XEN,KVM,HYPER_V, !! 3156 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
3993 Disables the PV optim !! 3157 pagetables) support.
3994 as generic guest with <<
3995 XEN HVM, KVM, HYPER_V <<
3996 3158
3997 nopvspin [X86,XEN,KVM,EARLY] !! 3159 nopcid [X86-64] Disable the PCID cpu feature.
3998 Disables the qspinloc <<
3999 which allow the hyper <<
4000 contention. <<
4001 3160
4002 norandmaps Don't use address spa 3161 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
4003 echo 0 > /proc/sys/ke 3162 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
4004 3163
4005 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't re 3164 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
4006 with UP alternatives 3165 with UP alternatives
4007 3166
>> 3167 nordrand [X86] Disable kernel use of the RDRAND and
>> 3168 RDSEED instructions even if they are supported
>> 3169 by the processor. RDRAND and RDSEED are still
>> 3170 available to user space applications.
>> 3171
4008 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables res 3172 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
4009 space. 3173 space.
4010 3174
4011 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scroll 3175 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
4012 This is required for 3176 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
4013 reader made by F.H. P 3177 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
4014 3178
4015 nosgx [X86-64,SGX,EARLY] Di !! 3179 nosbagart [IA-64]
4016 3180
4017 nosmap [PPC,EARLY] !! 3181 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
4018 Disable SMAP (Supervi <<
4019 even if it is support <<
4020 3182
4021 nosmep [PPC64s,EARLY] !! 3183 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
4022 Disable SMEP (Supervi <<
4023 even if it is support <<
4024 <<
4025 nosmp [SMP,EARLY] Tells an <<
4026 and disable the IO AP 3184 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
4027 3185
4028 nosmt [KNL,MIPS,PPC,S390,EA <<
4029 Equivalent to smt=1. <<
4030 <<
4031 [KNL,X86,PPC] Disable <<
4032 nosmt=force: Force di <<
4033 via the <<
4034 <<
4035 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the sof 3186 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
4036 3187
4037 nospec_store_bypass_disable <<
4038 [HW,EARLY] Disable al <<
4039 Store Bypass vulnerab <<
4040 <<
4041 nospectre_bhb [ARM64,EARLY] Disable <<
4042 history injection) vu <<
4043 with this option. <<
4044 <<
4045 nospectre_v1 [X86,PPC,EARLY] Disab <<
4046 (bounds check bypass) <<
4047 possible in the syste <<
4048 <<
4049 nospectre_v2 [X86,PPC_E500,ARM64,E <<
4050 for the Spectre varia <<
4051 prediction) vulnerabi <<
4052 leaks with this optio <<
4053 <<
4054 no-steal-acc [X86,PV_OPS,ARM64,PPC <<
4055 Disable paravirtualiz <<
4056 is computed, but won' <<
4057 <<
4058 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sy 3188 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
4059 3189
4060 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables t <<
4061 broken timer IRQ sour <<
4062 <<
4063 no_uaccess_flush <<
4064 [PPC,EARLY] Don't flu <<
4065 <<
4066 novmcoredd [KNL,KDUMP] <<
4067 Disable device dump. <<
4068 append dump data to v <<
4069 specified debug info. <<
4070 without any limit and <<
4071 so this may cause sig <<
4072 device dump can help <<
4073 data will be no longe <<
4074 is only available whe <<
4075 is set. <<
4076 <<
4077 no-vmw-sched-clock <<
4078 [X86,PV_OPS,EARLY] Di <<
4079 scheduler clock and u <<
4080 <<
4081 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable both lo 3190 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable both lockup detectors, i.e.
4082 soft-lockup and NMI w 3191 soft-lockup and NMI watchdog (hard-lockup).
4083 3192
4084 nowb [ARM,EARLY] !! 3193 nowb [ARM]
4085 <<
4086 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC,EARLY] D <<
4087 <<
4088 NOTE: this parameter <<
4089 LEGACY_XAPIC_DISABLED <<
4090 IA32_XAPIC_DISABLE_ST <<
4091 <<
4092 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x <<
4093 and restore using xsa <<
4094 enabling legacy float <<
4095 3194
4096 noxsaveopt [X86] Disables xsaveo !! 3195 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
4097 register states. The <<
4098 xsave to save the sta <<
4099 performance of saving <<
4100 xsave doesn't support <<
4101 xsaveopt supports it <<
4102 3196
4103 noxsaves [X86] Disables xsaves !! 3197 cpu0_hotplug [X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when
4104 restoring x86 extende !! 3198 CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off.
4105 form of xsave area. T !! 3199 Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are:
4106 xsaveopt and xrstor t !! 3200 1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0.
4107 in standard form of x !! 3201 Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you
4108 parameter, xsave area !! 3202 need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate.
4109 memory on xsaves enab !! 3203 2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be
>> 3204 removed if a PIC interrupt is detected.
>> 3205 It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some
>> 3206 machines although I haven't seen such issues so far
>> 3207 after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines.
>> 3208 If the dependencies are under your control, you can
>> 3209 turn on cpu0_hotplug.
>> 3210
>> 3211 nps_mtm_hs_ctr= [KNL,ARC]
>> 3212 This parameter sets the maximum duration, in
>> 3213 cycles, each HW thread of the CTOP can run
>> 3214 without interruptions, before HW switches it.
>> 3215 The actual maximum duration is 16 times this
>> 3216 parameter's value.
>> 3217 Format: integer between 1 and 255
>> 3218 Default: 255
>> 3219
>> 3220 nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
>> 3221 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
>> 3222 SAL PALO.
4110 3223
4111 nr_cpus= [SMP,EARLY] Maximum n !! 3224 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
4112 could support. nr_cp 3225 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
4113 support 'n' processor 3226 support 'n' processors. It could be larger than the
4114 number of already plu 3227 number of already plugged CPU during bootup, later in
4115 runtime you can physi 3228 runtime you can physically add extra cpu until it reaches
4116 n. So during boot up 3229 n. So during boot up some boot time memory for per-cpu
4117 variables need be pre 3230 variables need be pre-allocated for later physical cpu
4118 hot plugging. 3231 hot plugging.
4119 3232
4120 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum numb 3233 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
4121 3234
4122 numa=off [KNL, ARM64, PPC, RIS !! 3235 numa_balancing= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing.
4123 Disable NUMA, Only se <<
4124 spanning all memory. <<
4125 <<
4126 numa_balancing= [KNL,ARM64,PPC,RISCV, <<
4127 NUMA balancing. <<
4128 Allowed values are en 3236 Allowed values are enable and disable
4129 3237
4130 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Sele 3238 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
4131 'node', 'default' can 3239 'node', 'default' can be specified
4132 This can be set from 3240 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
4133 See Documentation/adm 3241 See Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/vm.rst for details.
4134 3242
4135 ohci1394_dma=early [HW,EARLY] en !! 3243 of_devlink [OF, KNL] Create device links between consumer and
4136 See Documentation/cor !! 3244 supplier devices by scanning the devictree to infer the
>> 3245 consumer/supplier relationships. A consumer device
>> 3246 will not be probed until all the supplier devices have
>> 3247 probed successfully.
>> 3248
>> 3249 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
>> 3250 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
4137 info. 3251 info.
4138 3252
4139 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when 3253 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
4140 Rather than timing ou 3254 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
4141 command is not proper 3255 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
4142 of the timeout. We h 3256 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
4143 waiting for the ACK, 3257 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
4144 interrupts *may* be l 3258 interrupts *may* be lost!
4145 3259
4146 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootl 3260 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
4147 Format: <mux_mode0.mo 3261 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
4148 For example, to overr 3262 For example, to override I2C bus2:
4149 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c 3263 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
4150 3264
4151 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND !! 3265 oprofile.timer= [HW]
4152 !! 3266 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
4153 Format: [die0_boundar <<
4154 3267
4155 boundary - index of l !! 3268 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
4156 The remain !! 3269 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
4157 lock - Configure !! 3270 userland or if you want common events.
4158 Once locke !! 3271 Format: { arch_perfmon }
4159 1 indicate !! 3272 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
>> 3273 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
>> 3274 CPU specific event set.
>> 3275 timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
>> 3276 timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
>> 3277 for generic hr timer mode)
4160 3278
4161 oops=panic [KNL,EARLY] !! 3279 oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
4162 Always panic on oopse <<
4163 process, but there is 3280 process, but there is a small probability of
4164 deadlocking the machi 3281 deadlocking the machine.
4165 This will also cause 3282 This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
4166 Useful together with 3283 Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
4167 3284
4168 page_alloc.shuffle= 3285 page_alloc.shuffle=
4169 [KNL] Boolean flag to 3286 [KNL] Boolean flag to control whether the page allocator
4170 should randomize its !! 3287 should randomize its free lists. The randomization may
4171 used to enable/disabl !! 3288 be automatically enabled if the kernel detects it is
4172 the flag can be read !! 3289 running on a platform with a direct-mapped memory-side
>> 3290 cache, and this parameter can be used to
>> 3291 override/disable that behavior. The state of the flag
>> 3292 can be read from sysfs at:
4173 /sys/module/page_allo 3293 /sys/module/page_alloc/parameters/shuffle.
4174 This parameter is onl <<
4175 3294
4176 page_owner= [KNL,EARLY] Boot-time !! 3295 page_owner= [KNL] Boot-time page_owner enabling option.
4177 Storage of the inform 3296 Storage of the information about who allocated
4178 each page is disabled 3297 each page is disabled in default. With this switch,
4179 we can turn it on. 3298 we can turn it on.
4180 on: enable the featur 3299 on: enable the feature
4181 3300
4182 page_poison= [KNL,EARLY] Boot-time !! 3301 page_poison= [KNL] Boot-time parameter changing the state of
4183 poisoning on the budd 3302 poisoning on the buddy allocator, available with
4184 CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING 3303 CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING=y.
4185 off: turn off poisoni 3304 off: turn off poisoning (default)
4186 on: turn on poisoning 3305 on: turn on poisoning
4187 3306
4188 page_reporting.page_reporting_order= <<
4189 [KNL] Minimal page re <<
4190 Format: <integer> <<
4191 Adjust the minimal pa <<
4192 reporting is disabled <<
4193 <<
4194 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviou 3307 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
4195 timeout > 0: seconds 3308 timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
4196 timeout = 0: wait for 3309 timeout = 0: wait forever
4197 timeout < 0: reboot i 3310 timeout < 0: reboot immediately
4198 Format: <timeout> 3311 Format: <timeout>
4199 3312
4200 panic_on_taint= [KNL,EARLY] <<
4201 Bitmask for condition <<
4202 Format: <hex>[,nouser <<
4203 Hexadecimal bitmask r <<
4204 that will cause the k <<
4205 called with any of th <<
4206 The optional switch " <<
4207 prevent userspace for <<
4208 /proc/sys/kernel/tain <<
4209 bitmask set on panic_ <<
4210 See Documentation/adm <<
4211 extra details on the <<
4212 to compose the bitmas <<
4213 <<
4214 panic_on_warn=1 panic() instead of WA <<
4215 on a WARN(). <<
4216 <<
4217 panic_print= Bitmask for printing 3313 panic_print= Bitmask for printing system info when panic happens.
4218 User can chose combin 3314 User can chose combination of the following bits:
4219 bit 0: print all task 3315 bit 0: print all tasks info
4220 bit 1: print system m 3316 bit 1: print system memory info
4221 bit 2: print timer in 3317 bit 2: print timer info
4222 bit 3: print locks in 3318 bit 3: print locks info if CONFIG_LOCKDEP is on
4223 bit 4: print ftrace b 3319 bit 4: print ftrace buffer
4224 bit 5: print all prin 3320 bit 5: print all printk messages in buffer
4225 bit 6: print all CPUs !! 3321
4226 bit 7: print only tas !! 3322 panic_on_warn panic() instead of WARN(). Useful to cause kdump
4227 *Be aware* that this !! 3323 on a WARN().
4228 so there are risks of !! 3324
4229 Use this option caref !! 3325 crash_kexec_post_notifiers
4230 bigger log buffer wit !! 3326 Run kdump after running panic-notifiers and dumping
>> 3327 kmsg. This only for the users who doubt kdump always
>> 3328 succeeds in any situation.
>> 3329 Note that this also increases risks of kdump failure,
>> 3330 because some panic notifiers can make the crashed
>> 3331 kernel more unstable.
4231 3332
4232 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port nu 3333 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
4233 connected to, default 3334 connected to, default is 0.
4234 Format: <parport#> 3335 Format: <parport#>
4235 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port ke 3336 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
4236 0 for XT, 1 for AT (d 3337 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
4237 Format: <mode> 3338 Format: <mode>
4238 3339
4239 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify para 3340 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
4240 Format: { 0 | auto | 3341 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
4241 Use 'auto' to force t 3342 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
4242 IRQ/DMA settings dete 3343 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
4243 ignore detected IRQ/D 3344 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
4244 possible conflicts). 3345 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
4245 address, IRQ, and DMA 3346 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
4246 should be numbers, or 3347 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
4247 settings on that part 3348 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
4248 (to avoid using a FIF 3349 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
4249 Parallel ports are as 3350 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
4250 are specified on the 3351 are specified on the command line, starting
4251 with parport0. 3352 with parport0.
4252 3353
4253 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT] 3354 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
4254 Configure VIA paralle 3355 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
4255 a specific mode. This 3356 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
4256 computer where firmwa 3357 computer where firmware has no options for setting
4257 up parallel port mode 3358 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
4258 Currently this functi 3359 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
4259 Format: [spp|ps2|epp| 3360 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
4260 3361
4261 pata_legacy.all= [HW,LIBATA] !! 3362 pause_on_oops=
4262 Format: <int> <<
4263 Set to non-zero to pr <<
4264 port ranges on PCI sy <<
4265 has been found at eit <<
4266 <<
4267 pata_legacy.autospeed= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4268 Format: <int> <<
4269 Set to non-zero if a <<
4270 changes. Disabled by <<
4271 <<
4272 pata_legacy.ht6560a= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4273 Format: <int> <<
4274 Set to 1, 2, or 3 for <<
4275 the secondary channel <<
4276 Disabled by default. <<
4277 <<
4278 pata_legacy.ht6560b= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4279 Format: <int> <<
4280 Set to 1, 2, or 3 for <<
4281 the secondary channel <<
4282 Disabled by default. <<
4283 <<
4284 pata_legacy.iordy_mask= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4285 Format: <int> <<
4286 IORDY enable mask. S <<
4287 for the respective ch <<
4288 legacy channel handle <<
4289 the second channel, a <<
4290 correspond to the pri <<
4291 legacy channel, and s <<
4292 bus and the use of ot <<
4293 with the sequence. B <<
4294 all channels. <<
4295 <<
4296 pata_legacy.opti82c46x= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4297 Format: <int> <<
4298 Set to 1, 2, or 3 for <<
4299 channel, the secondar <<
4300 respectively. Disabl <<
4301 <<
4302 pata_legacy.opti82c611a= [HW,L <<
4303 Format: <int> <<
4304 Set to 1, 2, or 3 for <<
4305 channel, the secondar <<
4306 respectively. Disabl <<
4307 <<
4308 pata_legacy.pio_mask= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4309 Format: <int> <<
4310 PIO mode mask for aut <<
4311 bits to allow the use <<
4312 Bit 0 is for mode 0, <<
4313 All modes allowed by <<
4314 <<
4315 pata_legacy.probe_all= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4316 Format: <int> <<
4317 Set to non-zero to pr <<
4318 port ranges on PCI sy <<
4319 <<
4320 pata_legacy.probe_mask= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4321 Format: <int> <<
4322 Probe mask for legacy <<
4323 platform configuratio <<
4324 options up to 6 legac <<
4325 0x170, 0x1e8, 0x168, <<
4326 of individual ports c <<
4327 corresponding bits in <<
4328 the first port in the <<
4329 By default all suppor <<
4330 <<
4331 pata_legacy.qdi= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4332 Format: <int> <<
4333 Set to non-zero to pr <<
4334 set to 1 if CONFIG_PA <<
4335 <<
4336 pata_legacy.winbond= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4337 Format: <int> <<
4338 Set to non-zero to pr <<
4339 the standard I/O port <<
4340 value given is the I/ <<
4341 By default set to 1 i <<
4342 0 otherwise. <<
4343 <<
4344 pata_platform.pio_mask= [HW,LIBATA] <<
4345 Format: <int> <<
4346 Supported PIO mode ma <<
4347 the use of the respec <<
4348 mode 0, bit 1 is for <<
4349 allowed by default. <<
4350 <<
4351 pause_on_oops=<int> <<
4352 Halt all CPUs after t 3363 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
4353 the specified number 3364 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
4354 your oopses keep scro 3365 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
4355 3366
4356 pcbit= [HW,ISDN] 3367 pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
4357 3368
4358 pci=option[,option...] [PCI,EARLY] v !! 3369 pcd. [PARIDE]
>> 3370 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
>> 3371 See also Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst.
>> 3372
>> 3373 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options.
4359 3374
4360 Some options 3375 Some options herein operate on a specific device
4361 or a set of d 3376 or a set of devices (<pci_dev>). These are
4362 specified in 3377 specified in one of the following formats:
4363 3378
4364 [<domain>:]<b 3379 [<domain>:]<bus>:<dev>.<func>[/<dev>.<func>]*
4365 pci:<vendor>: 3380 pci:<vendor>:<device>[:<subvendor>:<subdevice>]
4366 3381
4367 Note: the fir 3382 Note: the first format specifies a PCI
4368 bus/device/fu 3383 bus/device/function address which may change
4369 if new hardwa 3384 if new hardware is inserted, if motherboard
4370 firmware chan 3385 firmware changes, or due to changes caused
4371 by other kern 3386 by other kernel parameters. If the
4372 domain is lef 3387 domain is left unspecified, it is
4373 taken to be z 3388 taken to be zero. Optionally, a path
4374 to a device t 3389 to a device through multiple device/function
4375 addresses can 3390 addresses can be specified after the base
4376 address (this 3391 address (this is more robust against
4377 renumbering i 3392 renumbering issues). The second format
4378 selects devic 3393 selects devices using IDs from the
4379 configuration 3394 configuration space which may match multiple
4380 devices in th 3395 devices in the system.
4381 3396
4382 earlydump dump PCI conf 3397 earlydump dump PCI config space before the kernel
4383 changes anyth 3398 changes anything
4384 off [X86] don't p 3399 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
4385 bios [X86-32] forc 3400 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
4386 the hardware 3401 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
4387 has a non-sta 3402 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
4388 nobios [X86-32] disa 3403 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
4389 hardware acce 3404 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
4390 if you experi 3405 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
4391 suspect they 3406 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
4392 conf1 [X86] Force u 3407 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access
4393 Mechanism 1 ( 3408 Mechanism 1 (config address in IO port 0xCF8,
4394 data in IO po 3409 data in IO port 0xCFC, both 32-bit).
4395 conf2 [X86] Force u 3410 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access
4396 Mechanism 2 ( 3411 Mechanism 2 (IO port 0xCF8 is an 8-bit port for
4397 the function, 3412 the function, IO port 0xCFA, also 8-bit, sets
4398 bus number. T 3413 bus number. The config space is then accessed
4399 through ports 3414 through ports 0xC000-0xCFFF).
4400 See http://wi 3415 See http://wiki.osdev.org/PCI for more info
4401 on the config 3416 on the configuration access mechanisms.
4402 noaer [PCIE] If the 3417 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
4403 enabled, this 3418 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
4404 disable the u 3419 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
4405 nodomains [PCI] Disable 3420 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
4406 root domains 3421 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
4407 nommconf [X86] Disable 3422 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
4408 Configuration 3423 Configuration
4409 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] 3424 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
4410 properly conf 3425 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
4411 config space 3426 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
4412 nomsi [MSI] If the 3427 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
4413 enabled, this 3428 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
4414 disable the u 3429 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
4415 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disabl 3430 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
4416 Safety option 3431 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
4417 should never 3432 should never be necessary.
4418 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable 3433 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
4419 primary IO-AP 3434 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
4420 boot IRQs. Th 3435 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
4421 when the syst 3436 when the system masks IRQs.
4422 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disabl 3437 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
4423 boot IRQ equi 3438 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
4424 a chipset whe 3439 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
4425 The opposite 3440 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
4426 biosirq [X86-32] Use 3441 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
4427 routing table 3442 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
4428 on several ma 3443 on several machines and they hang the machine
4429 when used, bu 3444 when used, but on other computers it's the only
4430 way to get th 3445 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
4431 this option i 3446 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
4432 IRQs or disco 3447 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
4433 motherboard. 3448 motherboard.
4434 rom [X86] Assign 3449 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
4435 Use with caut 3450 Use with caution as certain devices share
4436 address decod 3451 address decoders between ROMs and other
4437 resources. 3452 resources.
4438 norom [X86] Do not 3453 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
4439 expansion ROM 3454 expansion ROMs that do not already have
4440 BIOS assigned 3455 BIOS assigned address ranges.
4441 nobar [X86] Do not 3456 nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
4442 BARs that wer 3457 BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
4443 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a b 3458 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
4444 assigned auto 3459 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
4445 make the kern 3460 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
4446 this way. 3461 this way.
4447 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] 3462 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
4448 of the PIRQ t 3463 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
4449 by the BIOS) 3464 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
4450 F0000h-100000 3465 F0000h-100000h range.
4451 lastbus=N [X86] Scan al 3466 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
4452 useful if the 3467 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
4453 secondary bus 3468 secondary buses and you want to tell it
4454 explicitly wh 3469 explicitly which ones they are.
4455 assign-busses [X86] Always 3470 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
4456 numbers ourse 3471 numbers ourselves, overriding
4457 whatever the 3472 whatever the firmware may have done.
4458 usepirqmask [X86] Honor t 3473 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
4459 in the BIOS $ 3474 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
4460 some systems 3475 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
4461 some HP Pavil 3476 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
4462 notebooks. Th 3477 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
4463 IRQ routing i 3478 IRQ routing is enabled.
4464 noacpi [X86] Do not 3479 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
4465 or for PCI sc 3480 or for PCI scanning.
4466 use_crs [X86] Use PCI 3481 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
4467 from ACPI. O 3482 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
4468 is enabled by 3483 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
4469 please report 3484 please report a bug.
4470 nocrs [X86] Ignore 3485 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
4471 If you need t 3486 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
4472 use_e820 [X86] Use E82 <<
4473 PCI host brid <<
4474 for BIOS defe <<
4475 If you need t <<
4476 <linux-pci@vge <<
4477 no_e820 [X86] Ignore <<
4478 bridge window <<
4479 hardware. If <<
4480 a bug to <linu <<
4481 routeirq Do IRQ routin 3487 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
4482 This is norma 3488 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
4483 so this optio 3489 so this option is a temporary workaround
4484 for broken dr 3490 for broken drivers that don't call it.
4485 skip_isa_align [X86] do not 3491 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
4486 handle more p 3492 handle more pci cards
4487 noearly [X86] Don't d 3493 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
4488 This might he 3494 This might help on some broken boards which
4489 machine check 3495 machine check when some devices' config space
4490 is read. But 3496 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
4491 and some IOMM 3497 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
4492 bfsort Sort PCI devi 3498 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
4493 This sorting 3499 This sorting is done to get a device
4494 order compati 3500 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
4495 nobfsort Don't sort PC 3501 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
4496 pcie_bus_tune_off Disab 3502 pcie_bus_tune_off Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size)
4497 tuning and us 3503 tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
4498 pcie_bus_safe Set every dev 3504 pcie_bus_safe Set every device's MPS to the largest value
4499 supported by 3505 supported by all devices below the root complex.
4500 pcie_bus_perf Set device MP 3506 pcie_bus_perf Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS
4501 based on its 3507 based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max
4502 Read Request 3508 Read Request Size) to the largest supported
4503 value (no lar 3509 value (no larger than the MPS that the device
4504 or bus can su 3510 or bus can support) for best performance.
4505 pcie_bus_peer2peer Set e 3511 pcie_bus_peer2peer Set every device's MPS to 128B, which
4506 every device 3512 every device is guaranteed to support. This
4507 configuration 3513 configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between
4508 any pair of d 3514 any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of
4509 reduced perfo 3515 reduced performance. This also guarantees
4510 that hot-adde 3516 that hot-added devices will work.
4511 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The f 3517 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
4512 reserved for 3518 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
4513 The default v 3519 The default value is 256 bytes.
4514 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The f 3520 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
4515 reserved for 3521 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
4516 window. The d 3522 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
4517 resource_alignment= 3523 resource_alignment=
4518 Format: 3524 Format:
4519 [<order of ali 3525 [<order of align>@]<pci_dev>[; ...]
4520 Specifies ali 3526 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
4521 aligned memor 3527 aligned memory resources. How to
4522 specify the d 3528 specify the device is described above.
4523 If <order of 3529 If <order of align> is not specified,
4524 PAGE_SIZE is 3530 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
4525 A PCI-PCI bri 3531 A PCI-PCI bridge can be specified if resource
4526 windows need 3532 windows need to be expanded.
4527 To specify th 3533 To specify the alignment for several
4528 instances of 3534 instances of a device, the PCI vendor,
4529 device, subve 3535 device, subvendor, and subdevice may be
4530 specified, e. 3536 specified, e.g., 12@pci:8086:9c22:103c:198f
4531 for 4096-byte 3537 for 4096-byte alignment.
4532 ecrc= Enable/disabl 3538 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
4533 end-to-end CR !! 3539 end-to-end CRC checking).
4534 OS has native <<
4535 ACPI _OSC or <<
4536 bios: Use BIO 3540 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
4537 the default. 3541 the default.
4538 off: Turn ECR 3542 off: Turn ECRC off
4539 on: Turn ECRC 3543 on: Turn ECRC on.
4540 hpiosize=nn[KMG] The f 3544 hpiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
4541 reserved for 3545 reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window.
4542 Default size 3546 Default size is 256 bytes.
4543 hpmmiosize=nn[KMG] The f 3547 hpmmiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
4544 reserved for 3548 reserved for hotplug bridge's MMIO window.
4545 Default size 3549 Default size is 2 megabytes.
4546 hpmmioprefsize=nn[KMG] The f 3550 hpmmioprefsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
4547 reserved for 3551 reserved for hotplug bridge's MMIO_PREF window.
4548 Default size 3552 Default size is 2 megabytes.
4549 hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The f 3553 hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
4550 reserved for 3554 reserved for hotplug bridge's MMIO and
4551 MMIO_PREF win 3555 MMIO_PREF window.
4552 Default size 3556 Default size is 2 megabytes.
4553 hpbussize=nn The minimum a 3557 hpbussize=nn The minimum amount of additional bus numbers
4554 reserved for 3558 reserved for buses below a hotplug bridge.
4555 Default is 1. 3559 Default is 1.
4556 realloc= Enable/disabl 3560 realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
4557 if allocation 3561 if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
4558 accommodate r 3562 accommodate resources required by all child
4559 devices. 3563 devices.
4560 off: Turn rea 3564 off: Turn realloc off
4561 on: Turn real 3565 on: Turn realloc on
4562 realloc same as reall 3566 realloc same as realloc=on
4563 noari do not use PC 3567 noari do not use PCIe ARI.
4564 noats [PCIE, Intel- 3568 noats [PCIE, Intel-IOMMU, AMD-IOMMU]
4565 do not use PC 3569 do not use PCIe ATS (and IOMMU device IOTLB).
4566 pcie_scan_all Scan all poss 3570 pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we
4567 only look for 3571 only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
4568 port. 3572 port.
4569 big_root_window Try to add a 3573 big_root_window Try to add a big 64bit memory window to the PCIe
4570 root complex 3574 root complex on AMD CPUs. Some GFX hardware
4571 can resize a 3575 can resize a BAR to allow access to all VRAM.
4572 Adding the wi 3576 Adding the window is slightly risky (it may
4573 conflict with 3577 conflict with unreported devices), so this
4574 taints the ke 3578 taints the kernel.
4575 disable_acs_redir=<pci_dev>[; 3579 disable_acs_redir=<pci_dev>[; ...]
4576 Specify one o 3580 Specify one or more PCI devices (in the format
4577 specified abo 3581 specified above) separated by semicolons.
4578 Each device s 3582 Each device specified will have the PCI ACS
4579 redirect capa 3583 redirect capabilities forced off which will
4580 allow P2P tra 3584 allow P2P traffic between devices through
4581 bridges witho 3585 bridges without forcing it upstream. Note:
4582 this removes 3586 this removes isolation between devices and
4583 may put more 3587 may put more devices in an IOMMU group.
4584 config_acs= <<
4585 Format: <<
4586 <ACS flags>@<p <<
4587 Specify one o <<
4588 specified abo <<
4589 and separated <<
4590 capabilities <<
4591 unchanged bas <<
4592 flags. <<
4593 <<
4594 ACS Flags is <<
4595 bit-0 : ACS <<
4596 bit-1 : ACS <<
4597 bit-2 : ACS <<
4598 bit-3 : ACS <<
4599 bit-4 : ACS <<
4600 bit-5 : ACS <<
4601 bit-6 : ACS <<
4602 Each bit can <<
4603 '0' – for <<
4604 '1' – for <<
4605 'x' – unc <<
4606 For example, <<
4607 pci=config_ <<
4608 would configu <<
4609 ACS to enable <<
4610 Translation B <<
4611 Validation un <<
4612 or firmware s <<
4613 <<
4614 Note: this ma <<
4615 and may put m <<
4616 force_floating [S390] Force 3588 force_floating [S390] Force usage of floating interrupts.
4617 nomio [S390] Do not 3589 nomio [S390] Do not use MIO instructions.
4618 norid [S390] ignore <<
4619 one PCI domai <<
4620 3590
4621 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enabl !! 3591 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
4622 Management. 3592 Management.
4623 off Don't touch ASPM conf !! 3593 off Disable ASPM.
4624 configuration done by <<
4625 force Enable ASPM even on d 3594 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
4626 WARNING: Forcing ASPM 3595 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
4627 3596
4628 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe port serv 3597 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe port services handling:
4629 native Use native PCIe servi 3598 native Use native PCIe services (PME, AER, DPC, PCIe hotplug)
4630 even if the platform 3599 even if the platform doesn't give the OS permission to
4631 use them. This may c 3600 use them. This may cause conflicts if the platform
4632 also tries to use the 3601 also tries to use these services.
4633 dpc-native Use native PC 3602 dpc-native Use native PCIe service for DPC only. May
4634 cause conflic 3603 cause conflicts if firmware uses AER or DPC.
4635 compat Disable native PCIe s 3604 compat Disable native PCIe services (PME, AER, DPC, PCIe
4636 hotplug). 3605 hotplug).
4637 3606
4638 pcie_port_pm= [PCIE] PCIe port powe 3607 pcie_port_pm= [PCIE] PCIe port power management handling:
4639 off Disable power managem 3608 off Disable power management of all PCIe ports
4640 force Forcibly enable power 3609 force Forcibly enable power management of all PCIe ports
4641 3610
4642 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe 3611 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
4643 nomsi Do not use MSI for na 3612 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
4644 all PCIe root ports u 3613 all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
4645 3614
4646 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 3615 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
4647 3616
4648 pd_ignore_unused 3617 pd_ignore_unused
4649 [PM] 3618 [PM]
4650 Keep all power-domain 3619 Keep all power-domains already enabled by bootloader on,
4651 even if no driver has 3620 even if no driver has claimed them. This is useful
4652 for debug and develop 3621 for debug and development, but should not be
4653 needed on a platform 3622 needed on a platform with proper driver support.
4654 3623
>> 3624 pd. [PARIDE]
>> 3625 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst.
>> 3626
4655 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/E 3627 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
4656 boot time. 3628 boot time.
4657 Format: { 0 | 1 } 3629 Format: { 0 | 1 }
4658 See arch/parisc/kerne 3630 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
4659 3631
4660 percpu_alloc= [MM,EARLY] !! 3632 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
4661 Select which percpu f <<
4662 Currently supported v 3633 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
4663 Archs may support sub 3634 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
4664 See comments in mm/pe 3635 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
4665 allocator. This para 3636 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
4666 and performance compa 3637 and performance comparison.
4667 3638
>> 3639 pf. [PARIDE]
>> 3640 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst.
>> 3641
>> 3642 pg. [PARIDE]
>> 3643 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst.
>> 3644
4668 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp- 3645 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
4669 See Documentation/arc !! 3646 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.rst.
4670 3647
4671 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel po 3648 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
4672 Format: { parport<nr> 3649 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
4673 See also Documentatio 3650 See also Documentation/admin-guide/parport.rst.
4674 3651
4675 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of 3652 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
4676 Override pmtimer IOPo 3653 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
4677 e.g. pmtmr=0x508 3654 e.g. pmtmr=0x508
4678 3655
4679 pmu_override= [PPC] Override the PM <<
4680 This option takes ove <<
4681 longer usable by perf <<
4682 PMU counters by setti <<
4683 cleared). If a number <<
4684 that number, otherwis <<
4685 remains 0. <<
4686 <<
4687 pm_debug_messages [SUSPEND,KNL] <<
4688 Enable suspend/resume <<
4689 <<
4690 pnp.debug=1 [PNP] 3656 pnp.debug=1 [PNP]
4691 Enable PNP debug mess 3657 Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
4692 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESS 3658 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
4693 via /sys/module/pnp/p 3659 via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show
4694 current resource usag 3660 current resource usage; turning this on also shows
4695 possible settings and 3661 possible settings and some assignment information.
4696 3662
4697 pnpacpi= [ACPI] 3663 pnpacpi= [ACPI]
4698 { off } 3664 { off }
4699 3665
4700 pnpbios= [ISAPNP] 3666 pnpbios= [ISAPNP]
4701 { on | off | curr | r 3667 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
4702 3668
4703 pnp_reserve_irq= 3669 pnp_reserve_irq=
4704 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs 3670 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
4705 3671
4706 pnp_reserve_dma= 3672 pnp_reserve_dma=
4707 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs 3673 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
4708 3674
4709 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O 3675 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
4710 Ranges are in pairs ( 3676 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
4711 3677
4712 pnp_reserve_mem= 3678 pnp_reserve_mem=
4713 [ISAPNP] Exclude memo 3679 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
4714 autoconfiguration. 3680 autoconfiguration.
4715 Ranges are in pairs ( 3681 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
4716 3682
4717 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp 3683 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
4718 Default is 21. 3684 Default is 21.
4719 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MA 3685 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
4720 may be specified. 3686 may be specified.
4721 Format: <port>,<port> 3687 Format: <port>,<port>....
4722 3688
4723 possible_cpus= [SMP,S390,X86] <<
4724 Format: <unsigned int <<
4725 Set the number of pos <<
4726 regular discovery mec <<
4727 <<
4728 powersave=off [PPC] This option dis 3689 powersave=off [PPC] This option disables power saving features.
4729 It specifically disab 3690 It specifically disables cpuidle and sets the
4730 platform machine desc 3691 platform machine description specific power_save
4731 function to NULL. On 3692 function to NULL. On Idle the CPU just reduces
4732 execution priority. 3693 execution priority.
4733 3694
4734 ppc_strict_facility_enable 3695 ppc_strict_facility_enable
4735 [PPC,ENABLE] This opt !! 3696 [PPC] This option catches any kernel floating point,
4736 Altivec, VSX and SPE 3697 Altivec, VSX and SPE outside of regions specifically
4737 allowed (eg kernel_en 3698 allowed (eg kernel_enable_fpu()/kernel_disable_fpu()).
4738 There is some perform 3699 There is some performance impact when enabling this.
4739 3700
4740 ppc_tm= [PPC,EARLY] !! 3701 ppc_tm= [PPC]
4741 Format: {"off"} 3702 Format: {"off"}
4742 Disable Hardware Tran 3703 Disable Hardware Transactional Memory
4743 3704
4744 preempt= [KNL] <<
4745 Select preemption mod <<
4746 none - Limited to con <<
4747 voluntary - Limited t <<
4748 full - Any section th <<
4749 can be preempt <<
4750 contended spin <<
4751 explicitly pre <<
4752 <<
4753 print-fatal-signals= 3705 print-fatal-signals=
4754 [KNL] debug: print fa 3706 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
4755 3707
4756 If enabled, warn abou 3708 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
4757 related application a 3709 related application anomalies: too many signals,
4758 too many POSIX.1 time 3710 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
4759 coredump - etc. 3711 coredump - etc.
4760 3712
4761 If you hit the warnin 3713 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
4762 you might want to try 3714 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
4763 3715
4764 default: off. 3716 default: off.
4765 3717
4766 printk.always_kmsg_dump= 3718 printk.always_kmsg_dump=
4767 Trigger kmsg_dump for 3719 Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
4768 panics 3720 panics
4769 Format: <bool> (1/Y/ 3721 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
4770 default: disabled 3722 default: disabled
4771 3723
4772 printk.console_no_auto_verbose= <<
4773 Disable console logle <<
4774 or lockdep-detected i <<
4775 With an exception to <<
4776 serial console, keepi <<
4777 in order to provide m <<
4778 Format: <bool> <<
4779 default: 0 (auto_verb <<
4780 <<
4781 printk.devkmsg={on,off,ratelimit} 3724 printk.devkmsg={on,off,ratelimit}
4782 Control writing to /d 3725 Control writing to /dev/kmsg.
4783 on - unlimited loggin 3726 on - unlimited logging to /dev/kmsg from userspace
4784 off - logging to /dev 3727 off - logging to /dev/kmsg disabled
4785 ratelimit - ratelimit 3728 ratelimit - ratelimit the logging
4786 Default: ratelimit 3729 Default: ratelimit
4787 3730
4788 printk.time= Show timing data pref 3731 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
4789 Format: <bool> (1/Y/ 3732 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
4790 3733
4791 proc_mem.force_override= [KNL] <<
4792 Format: {always | ptr <<
4793 Traditionally /proc/p <<
4794 overridden without re <<
4795 restrict that. Can be <<
4796 - 'always': tradition <<
4797 - 'ptrace': only allo <<
4798 - 'never': never all <<
4799 If not specified, def <<
4800 <<
4801 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI] 3734 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
4802 Limit processor to ma 3735 Limit processor to maximum C-state
4803 max_cstate=9 override 3736 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
4804 3737
4805 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI] 3738 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
4806 Ignore the _CST metho 3739 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
4807 instead using the leg 3740 instead using the legacy FADT method
4808 3741
4809 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel p 3742 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
4810 Format: [<profiletype 3743 Format: [<profiletype>,]<number>
4811 Param: <profiletype>: !! 3744 Param: <profiletype>: "schedule", "sleep", or "kvm"
4812 [defaults to 3745 [defaults to kernel profiling]
4813 Param: "schedule" - p 3746 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
>> 3747 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
>> 3748 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
4814 Param: "kvm" - profil 3749 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
4815 Param: <number> - ste 3750 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
4816 statistical t 3751 statistical time based profiling.
4817 3752
4818 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] [Deprecated] !! 3753 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
4819 !! 3754 before loading.
4820 prot_virt= [S390] enable hosting !! 3755 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst.
4821 isolated from the hyp <<
4822 that). If enabled, th <<
4823 might be overridden e <<
4824 Layout Randomization <<
4825 Format: <bool> <<
4826 3756
4827 psi= [KNL] Enable or disab 3757 psi= [KNL] Enable or disable pressure stall information
4828 tracking. 3758 tracking.
4829 Format: <bool> 3759 Format: <bool>
4830 3760
4831 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS 3761 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
4832 probe for; one of (ba 3762 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
4833 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desire 3763 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
4834 per second. 3764 per second.
4835 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE] 3765 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
4836 Try to reset the devi 3766 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
4837 (0 = never). 3767 (0 = never).
4838 psmouse.resolution= 3768 psmouse.resolution=
4839 [HW,MOUSE] Set desire 3769 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
4840 psmouse.smartscroll= 3770 psmouse.smartscroll=
4841 [HW,MOUSE] Controls L 3771 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
4842 0 = disabled, 1 = ena 3772 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
4843 3773
4844 pstore.backend= Specify the name of t 3774 pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
4845 3775
4846 pti= [X86-64] Control Page !! 3776 pt. [PARIDE]
>> 3777 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/paride.rst.
>> 3778
>> 3779 pti= [X86_64] Control Page Table Isolation of user and
4847 kernel address spaces 3780 kernel address spaces. Disabling this feature
4848 removes hardening, bu 3781 removes hardening, but improves performance of
4849 system calls and inte 3782 system calls and interrupts.
4850 3783
4851 on - unconditionall 3784 on - unconditionally enable
4852 off - unconditionall 3785 off - unconditionally disable
4853 auto - kernel detects 3786 auto - kernel detects whether your CPU model is
4854 vulnerable to 3787 vulnerable to issues that PTI mitigates
4855 3788
4856 Not specifying this o 3789 Not specifying this option is equivalent to pti=auto.
4857 3790
>> 3791 nopti [X86_64]
>> 3792 Equivalent to pti=off
>> 3793
4858 pty.legacy_count= 3794 pty.legacy_count=
4859 [KNL] Number of legac 3795 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
4860 default number. 3796 default number.
4861 3797
4862 quiet [KNL,EARLY] Disable m !! 3798 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
4863 3799
4864 r128= [HW,DRM] 3800 r128= [HW,DRM]
4865 3801
4866 radix_hcall_invalidate=on [PPC/PSERI <<
4867 Disable RADIX GTSE fe <<
4868 invalidate. <<
4869 <<
4870 raid= [HW,RAID] 3802 raid= [HW,RAID]
4871 See Documentation/adm 3803 See Documentation/admin-guide/md.rst.
4872 3804
4873 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM di 3805 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
4874 See Documentation/adm 3806 See Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/ramdisk.rst.
4875 3807
4876 ramdisk_start= [RAM] RAM disk image !! 3808 random.trust_cpu={on,off}
4877 !! 3809 [KNL] Enable or disable trusting the use of the
4878 random.trust_cpu=off !! 3810 CPU's random number generator (if available) to
4879 [KNL,EARLY] Disable t !! 3811 fully seed the kernel's CRNG. Default is controlled
4880 random number generat !! 3812 by CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_CPU.
4881 initialize the kernel <<
4882 <<
4883 random.trust_bootloader=off <<
4884 [KNL,EARLY] Disable t <<
4885 passed by the bootloa <<
4886 initialize the kernel <<
4887 <<
4888 randomize_kstack_offset= <<
4889 [KNL,EARLY] Enable or <<
4890 randomization, which <<
4891 entropy, frustrating <<
4892 that depend on stack <<
4893 cross-syscall address <<
4894 available on architec <<
4895 CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_RAND <<
4896 Format: <bool> (1/Y/ <<
4897 Default is CONFIG_RAN <<
4898 3813
4899 ras=option[,option,...] [KNL] RAS-spe 3814 ras=option[,option,...] [KNL] RAS-specific options
4900 3815
4901 cec_disable [X86] 3816 cec_disable [X86]
4902 Disable the C 3817 Disable the Correctable Errors Collector,
4903 see CONFIG_RA 3818 see CONFIG_RAS_CEC help text.
4904 3819
4905 rcu_nocbs[=cpu-list] !! 3820 rcu_nocbs= [KNL]
4906 [KNL] The optional ar !! 3821 The argument is a cpu list, as described above,
4907 as described above. !! 3822 except that the string "all" can be used to
4908 !! 3823 specify every CPU on the system.
4909 In kernels built with !! 3824
4910 enable the no-callbac !! 3825 In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set
4911 such CPUs' callbacks !! 3826 the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs.
4912 softirq context. Inv !! 3827 Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will be
4913 callbacks will instea !! 3828 offloaded to "rcuox/N" kthreads created for that
4914 kthreads created for !! 3829 purpose, where "x" is "p" for RCU-preempt, and
4915 "p" for RCU-preempt, !! 3830 "s" for RCU-sched, and "N" is the CPU number.
4916 for the kthreads that !! 3831 This reduces OS jitter on the offloaded CPUs,
4917 "N" is the CPU number !! 3832 which can be useful for HPC and real-time
4918 the offloaded CPUs, w !! 3833 workloads. It can also improve energy efficiency
4919 and real-time workloa !! 3834 for asymmetric multiprocessors.
4920 energy efficiency for <<
4921 <<
4922 If a cpulist is passe <<
4923 list of CPUs is set t <<
4924 <<
4925 Otherwise, if the '=' <<
4926 arguments are omitted <<
4927 no-callback mode from <<
4928 toggled at runtime vi <<
4929 <<
4930 Note that this argume <<
4931 the CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_C <<
4932 3835
4933 rcu_nocb_poll [KNL] 3836 rcu_nocb_poll [KNL]
4934 Rather than requiring 3837 Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs
4935 (specified by rcu_noc 3838 (specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly
4936 awaken the correspond 3839 awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads,
4937 make these kthreads p 3840 make these kthreads poll for callbacks.
4938 This improves the rea 3841 This improves the real-time response for the
4939 offloaded CPUs by rel 3842 offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to
4940 wake up the correspon 3843 wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades
4941 energy efficiency by 3844 energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads
4942 periodically wake up 3845 periodically wake up to do the polling.
4943 3846
4944 rcutree.blimit= [KNL] 3847 rcutree.blimit= [KNL]
4945 Set maximum number of 3848 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to
4946 process in one batch. 3849 process in one batch.
4947 3850
4948 rcutree.do_rcu_barrier= [KNL] <<
4949 Request a call to rcu <<
4950 throttled so that use <<
4951 hammer on the sysfs v <<
4952 If triggered before t <<
4953 is fully active, this <<
4954 <<
4955 rcutree.dump_tree= [KNL] 3851 rcutree.dump_tree= [KNL]
4956 Dump the structure of 3852 Dump the structure of the rcu_node combining tree
4957 out at early boot. T 3853 out at early boot. This is used for diagnostic
4958 purposes, to verify c 3854 purposes, to verify correct tree setup.
4959 3855
4960 rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay= [KNL] 3856 rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay= [KNL]
4961 Set the number of jif 3857 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
4962 RCU grace-period clea 3858 RCU grace-period cleanup.
4963 3859
4964 rcutree.gp_init_delay= [KNL] 3860 rcutree.gp_init_delay= [KNL]
4965 Set the number of jif 3861 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
4966 RCU grace-period init 3862 RCU grace-period initialization.
4967 3863
4968 rcutree.gp_preinit_delay= [KNL] 3864 rcutree.gp_preinit_delay= [KNL]
4969 Set the number of jif 3865 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
4970 RCU grace-period pre- 3866 RCU grace-period pre-initialization, that is,
4971 the propagation of re 3867 the propagation of recent CPU-hotplug changes up
4972 the rcu_node combinin 3868 the rcu_node combining tree.
4973 3869
>> 3870 rcutree.use_softirq= [KNL]
>> 3871 If set to zero, move all RCU_SOFTIRQ processing to
>> 3872 per-CPU rcuc kthreads. Defaults to a non-zero
>> 3873 value, meaning that RCU_SOFTIRQ is used by default.
>> 3874 Specify rcutree.use_softirq=0 to use rcuc kthreads.
>> 3875
>> 3876 rcutree.rcu_fanout_exact= [KNL]
>> 3877 Disable autobalancing of the rcu_node combining
>> 3878 tree. This is used by rcutorture, and might
>> 3879 possibly be useful for architectures having high
>> 3880 cache-to-cache transfer latencies.
>> 3881
>> 3882 rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL]
>> 3883 Change the number of CPUs assigned to each
>> 3884 leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very
>> 3885 large systems, which will choose the value 64,
>> 3886 and for NUMA systems with large remote-access
>> 3887 latencies, which will choose a value aligned
>> 3888 with the appropriate hardware boundaries.
>> 3889
4974 rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL] 3890 rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL]
4975 Set delay from grace- 3891 Set delay from grace-period initialization to
4976 first attempt to forc 3892 first attempt to force quiescent states.
4977 Units are jiffies, mi 3893 Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
4978 and maximum value is 3894 and maximum value is HZ.
4979 3895
4980 rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL] 3896 rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL]
4981 Set delay between sub 3897 Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
4982 quiescent states. Un 3898 quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum
4983 value is one, and max 3899 value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
4984 3900
4985 rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs= [KNL] 3901 rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs= [KNL]
4986 Set required age in j 3902 Set required age in jiffies for a
4987 given grace period be 3903 given grace period before RCU starts
4988 soliciting quiescent- 3904 soliciting quiescent-state help from
4989 rcu_note_context_swit 3905 rcu_note_context_switch() and cond_resched().
4990 If not specified, the 3906 If not specified, the kernel will calculate
4991 a value based on the 3907 a value based on the most recent settings
4992 of rcutree.jiffies_ti 3908 of rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs
4993 and rcutree.jiffies_t 3909 and rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs.
4994 This calculated value 3910 This calculated value may be viewed in
4995 rcutree.jiffies_to_sc 3911 rcutree.jiffies_to_sched_qs. Any attempt to set
4996 rcutree.jiffies_to_sc 3912 rcutree.jiffies_to_sched_qs will be cheerfully
4997 overwritten. 3913 overwritten.
4998 3914
4999 rcutree.kthread_prio= [KNL,BOOT] 3915 rcutree.kthread_prio= [KNL,BOOT]
5000 Set the SCHED_FIFO pr 3916 Set the SCHED_FIFO priority of the RCU per-CPU
5001 kthreads (rcuc/N). Th 3917 kthreads (rcuc/N). This value is also used for
5002 the priority of the R 3918 the priority of the RCU boost threads (rcub/N)
5003 and for the RCU grace 3919 and for the RCU grace-period kthreads (rcu_bh,
5004 rcu_preempt, and rcu_ 3920 rcu_preempt, and rcu_sched). If RCU_BOOST is
5005 set, valid values are 3921 set, valid values are 1-99 and the default is 1
5006 (the least-favored pr 3922 (the least-favored priority). Otherwise, when
5007 RCU_BOOST is not set, 3923 RCU_BOOST is not set, valid values are 0-99 and
5008 the default is zero ( 3924 the default is zero (non-realtime operation).
5009 When RCU_NOCB_CPU is <<
5010 priority of NOCB call <<
5011 3925
5012 rcutree.nocb_nobypass_lim_per_jiffy= !! 3926 rcutree.rcu_nocb_gp_stride= [KNL]
5013 On callback-offloaded !! 3927 Set the number of NOCB callback kthreads in
5014 RCU reduces the lock !! 3928 each group, which defaults to the square root
5015 otherwise be caused b !! 3929 of the number of CPUs. Larger numbers reduce
5016 use of the ->nocb_byp !! 3930 the wakeup overhead on the global grace-period
5017 common non-flooded ca !! 3931 kthread, but increases that same overhead on
5018 the main ->cblist in !! 3932 each group's NOCB grace-period kthread.
5019 overhead of the ->noc <<
5020 But if there are too <<
5021 a single jiffy, RCU p <<
5022 the ->nocb_bypass que <<
5023 many" is supplied by <<
5024 <<
5025 rcutree.nohz_full_patience_delay= [KN <<
5026 On callback-offloaded <<
5027 disturbing RCU unless <<
5028 reached the specified <<
5029 Defaults to zero. La <<
5030 at five seconds. All <<
5031 to the nearest value <<
5032 3933
5033 rcutree.qhimark= [KNL] 3934 rcutree.qhimark= [KNL]
5034 Set threshold of queu 3935 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks beyond which
5035 batch limiting is dis 3936 batch limiting is disabled.
5036 3937
5037 rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL] 3938 rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL]
5038 Set threshold of queu 3939 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
5039 batch limiting is re- 3940 batch limiting is re-enabled.
5040 3941
5041 rcutree.qovld= [KNL] !! 3942 rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay= [KNL]
5042 Set threshold of queu !! 3943 Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
5043 RCU's force-quiescent !! 3944 RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
5044 enlist help from cond !! 3945
5045 help CPUs more quickl !! 3946 rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL]
5046 Set to less than zero !! 3947 Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
5047 on rcutree.qhimark at !! 3948 only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
5048 disable more aggressi !! 3949 Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can
5049 !! 3950 prove do nothing more than free memory.
5050 rcutree.rcu_delay_page_cache_fill_mse <<
5051 Set the page-cache re <<
5052 in response to low-me <<
5053 of permitted values i <<
5054 <<
5055 rcutree.rcu_divisor= [KNL] <<
5056 Set the shift-right c <<
5057 the callback-invocati <<
5058 the number of callbac <<
5059 The result will be bo <<
5060 the rcutree.blimit ke <<
5061 callbacks, the softir <<
5062 order to allow the CP <<
5063 <<
5064 Please note that this <<
5065 limit applies only to <<
5066 invocation. Offloade <<
5067 invoked in the contex <<
5068 scheduler will preemp <<
5069 <<
5070 rcutree.rcu_fanout_exact= [KNL] <<
5071 Disable autobalancing <<
5072 tree. This is used b <<
5073 possibly be useful fo <<
5074 cache-to-cache transf <<
5075 <<
5076 rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL] <<
5077 Change the number of <<
5078 leaf rcu_node structu <<
5079 large systems, which <<
5080 and for NUMA systems <<
5081 latencies, which will <<
5082 with the appropriate <<
5083 <<
5084 rcutree.rcu_min_cached_objs= [KNL] <<
5085 Minimum number of obj <<
5086 maintained per one CP <<
5087 to PAGE_SIZE. The cac <<
5088 pressure to page allo <<
5089 whole algorithm to be <<
5090 condition. <<
5091 <<
5092 rcutree.rcu_nocb_gp_stride= [KNL] <<
5093 Set the number of NOC <<
5094 each group, which def <<
5095 of the number of CPUs <<
5096 the wakeup overhead o <<
5097 kthread, but increase <<
5098 each group's NOCB gra <<
5099 3951
5100 rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads= [KNL] 3952 rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads= [KNL]
5101 Cause the grace-perio 3953 Cause the grace-period kthread to get an extra
5102 wake_up() if it sleep 3954 wake_up() if it sleeps three times longer than
5103 it should at force-qu 3955 it should at force-quiescent-state time.
5104 This wake_up() will b 3956 This wake_up() will be accompanied by a
5105 WARN_ONCE() splat and 3957 WARN_ONCE() splat and an ftrace_dump().
5106 3958
5107 rcutree.rcu_resched_ns= [KNL] <<
5108 Limit the time spend <<
5109 callbacks to the spec <<
5110 By default, this limi <<
5111 every 32 callbacks in <<
5112 inflicted by local_cl <<
5113 <<
5114 rcutree.rcu_unlock_delay= [KNL] <<
5115 In CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_ <<
5116 this specifies an rcu <<
5117 in microseconds. Thi <<
5118 Larger delays increas <<
5119 catching RCU pointer <<
5120 of RCU-protected poin <<
5121 rcu_read_unlock() has <<
5122 <<
5123 rcutree.sysrq_rcu= [KNL] 3959 rcutree.sysrq_rcu= [KNL]
5124 Commandeer a sysrq ke 3960 Commandeer a sysrq key to dump out Tree RCU's
5125 rcu_node tree with an 3961 rcu_node tree with an eye towards determining
5126 why a new grace perio 3962 why a new grace period has not yet started.
5127 3963
5128 rcutree.use_softirq= [KNL] !! 3964 rcuperf.gp_async= [KNL]
5129 If set to zero, move <<
5130 per-CPU rcuc kthreads <<
5131 value, meaning that R <<
5132 Specify rcutree.use_s <<
5133 <<
5134 But note that CONFIG_ <<
5135 this kernel boot para <<
5136 to zero. <<
5137 <<
5138 rcutree.enable_rcu_lazy= [KNL] <<
5139 To save power, batch <<
5140 delay, memory pressur <<
5141 big. <<
5142 <<
5143 rcutree.rcu_normal_wake_from_gp= [KNL <<
5144 Reduces a latency of <<
5145 maintains its own tra <<
5146 does not interact wit <<
5147 use a call_rcu[_hurry <<
5148 normal grace period. <<
5149 <<
5150 How to enable it: <<
5151 <<
5152 echo 1 > /sys/module/ <<
5153 or pass a boot parame <<
5154 <<
5155 Default is 0. <<
5156 <<
5157 rcuscale.gp_async= [KNL] <<
5158 Measure performance o 3965 Measure performance of asynchronous
5159 grace-period primitiv 3966 grace-period primitives such as call_rcu().
5160 3967
5161 rcuscale.gp_async_max= [KNL] !! 3968 rcuperf.gp_async_max= [KNL]
5162 Specify the maximum n 3969 Specify the maximum number of outstanding
5163 callbacks per writer 3970 callbacks per writer thread. When a writer
5164 thread exceeds this l 3971 thread exceeds this limit, it invokes the
5165 corresponding flavor 3972 corresponding flavor of rcu_barrier() to allow
5166 previously posted cal 3973 previously posted callbacks to drain.
5167 3974
5168 rcuscale.gp_exp= [KNL] !! 3975 rcuperf.gp_exp= [KNL]
5169 Measure performance o 3976 Measure performance of expedited synchronous
5170 grace-period primitiv 3977 grace-period primitives.
5171 3978
5172 rcuscale.holdoff= [KNL] !! 3979 rcuperf.holdoff= [KNL]
5173 Set test-start holdof 3980 Set test-start holdoff period. The purpose of
5174 this parameter is to 3981 this parameter is to delay the start of the
5175 test until boot compl 3982 test until boot completes in order to avoid
5176 interference. 3983 interference.
5177 3984
5178 rcuscale.kfree_by_call_rcu= [KNL] !! 3985 rcuperf.nreaders= [KNL]
5179 In kernels built with <<
5180 call_rcu() instead of <<
5181 <<
5182 rcuscale.kfree_mult= [KNL] <<
5183 Instead of allocating <<
5184 allocate one of kfree <<
5185 Defaults to 1. <<
5186 <<
5187 rcuscale.kfree_rcu_test= [KNL] <<
5188 Set to measure perfor <<
5189 <<
5190 rcuscale.kfree_rcu_test_double= [KNL] <<
5191 Test the double-argum <<
5192 If this parameter has <<
5193 rcuscale.kfree_rcu_te <<
5194 and double-argument v <<
5195 <<
5196 rcuscale.kfree_rcu_test_single= [KNL] <<
5197 Test the single-argum <<
5198 If this parameter has <<
5199 rcuscale.kfree_rcu_te <<
5200 and double-argument v <<
5201 <<
5202 rcuscale.kfree_nthreads= [KNL] <<
5203 The number of threads <<
5204 <<
5205 rcuscale.kfree_alloc_num= [KNL] <<
5206 Number of allocations <<
5207 <<
5208 rcuscale.kfree_loops= [KNL] <<
5209 Number of loops doing <<
5210 of allocations and fr <<
5211 <<
5212 rcuscale.minruntime= [KNL] <<
5213 Set the minimum test <<
5214 does not affect the d <<
5215 but instead allows be <<
5216 like CPU consumption. <<
5217 <<
5218 rcuscale.nreaders= [KNL] <<
5219 Set number of RCU rea 3986 Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects
5220 N, where N is the num 3987 N, where N is the number of CPUs. A value
5221 "n" less than -1 sele 3988 "n" less than -1 selects N-n+1, where N is again
5222 the number of CPUs. 3989 the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N
5223 (the number of CPUs), 3990 (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on.
5224 A value of "n" less t 3991 A value of "n" less than or equal to -N selects
5225 a single reader. 3992 a single reader.
5226 3993
5227 rcuscale.nwriters= [KNL] !! 3994 rcuperf.nwriters= [KNL]
5228 Set number of RCU wri 3995 Set number of RCU writers. The values operate
5229 the same as for rcusc !! 3996 the same as for rcuperf.nreaders.
5230 N, where N is the num 3997 N, where N is the number of CPUs
5231 3998
5232 rcuscale.scale_type= [KNL] !! 3999 rcuperf.perf_type= [KNL]
5233 Specify the RCU imple 4000 Specify the RCU implementation to test.
5234 4001
5235 rcuscale.shutdown= [KNL] !! 4002 rcuperf.shutdown= [KNL]
5236 Shut the system down 4003 Shut the system down after performance tests
5237 complete. This is us 4004 complete. This is useful for hands-off automated
5238 testing. 4005 testing.
5239 4006
5240 rcuscale.verbose= [KNL] !! 4007 rcuperf.verbose= [KNL]
5241 Enable additional pri 4008 Enable additional printk() statements.
5242 4009
5243 rcuscale.writer_holdoff= [KNL] !! 4010 rcuperf.writer_holdoff= [KNL]
5244 Write-side holdoff be 4011 Write-side holdoff between grace periods,
5245 in microseconds. The 4012 in microseconds. The default of zero says
5246 no holdoff. 4013 no holdoff.
5247 4014
5248 rcuscale.writer_holdoff_jiffies= [KNL <<
5249 Additional write-side <<
5250 periods, but in jiffi <<
5251 says no holdoff. <<
5252 <<
5253 rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL] 4015 rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL]
5254 Set duration of force 4016 Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts
5255 in microseconds. 4017 in microseconds.
5256 4018
5257 rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL] 4019 rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL]
5258 Set holdoff time with 4020 Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts
5259 in microseconds. 4021 in microseconds.
5260 4022
5261 rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL] 4023 rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL]
5262 Set wait time between 4024 Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts
5263 in seconds. 4025 in seconds.
5264 4026
5265 rcutorture.fwd_progress= [KNL] 4027 rcutorture.fwd_progress= [KNL]
5266 Specifies the number !! 4028 Enable RCU grace-period forward-progress testing
5267 for RCU grace-period <<
5268 for the types of RCU 4029 for the types of RCU supporting this notion.
5269 Defaults to 1 kthread <<
5270 greater than the numb <<
5271 of CPUs to be used. <<
5272 4030
5273 rcutorture.fwd_progress_div= [KNL] 4031 rcutorture.fwd_progress_div= [KNL]
5274 Specify the fraction 4032 Specify the fraction of a CPU-stall-warning
5275 period to do tight-lo 4033 period to do tight-loop forward-progress testing.
5276 4034
5277 rcutorture.fwd_progress_holdoff= [KNL 4035 rcutorture.fwd_progress_holdoff= [KNL]
5278 Number of seconds to 4036 Number of seconds to wait between successive
5279 forward-progress test 4037 forward-progress tests.
5280 4038
5281 rcutorture.fwd_progress_need_resched= 4039 rcutorture.fwd_progress_need_resched= [KNL]
5282 Enclose cond_resched( 4040 Enclose cond_resched() calls within checks for
5283 need_resched() during 4041 need_resched() during tight-loop forward-progress
5284 testing. 4042 testing.
5285 4043
5286 rcutorture.gp_cond= [KNL] 4044 rcutorture.gp_cond= [KNL]
5287 Use conditional/async 4045 Use conditional/asynchronous update-side
5288 primitives, if availa 4046 primitives, if available.
5289 4047
5290 rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL] 4048 rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL]
5291 Use expedited update- 4049 Use expedited update-side primitives, if available.
5292 4050
5293 rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL] 4051 rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL]
5294 Use normal (non-exped 4052 Use normal (non-expedited) asynchronous
5295 update-side primitive 4053 update-side primitives, if available.
5296 4054
5297 rcutorture.gp_sync= [KNL] 4055 rcutorture.gp_sync= [KNL]
5298 Use normal (non-exped 4056 Use normal (non-expedited) synchronous
5299 update-side primitive 4057 update-side primitives, if available. If all
5300 of rcutorture.gp_cond 4058 of rcutorture.gp_cond=, rcutorture.gp_exp=,
5301 rcutorture.gp_normal= 4059 rcutorture.gp_normal=, and rcutorture.gp_sync=
5302 are zero, rcutorture 4060 are zero, rcutorture acts as if is interpreted
5303 they are all non-zero 4061 they are all non-zero.
5304 4062
5305 rcutorture.irqreader= [KNL] <<
5306 Run RCU readers from <<
5307 accurately, from a ti <<
5308 flavors take kindly t <<
5309 <<
5310 rcutorture.leakpointer= [KNL] <<
5311 Leak an RCU-protected <<
5312 This can of course re <<
5313 intended to test the <<
5314 CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRA <<
5315 such leaks. <<
5316 <<
5317 rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL] 4063 rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL]
5318 Set callbacks/threads 4064 Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
5319 4065
5320 rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL] 4066 rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL]
5321 Set number of concurr 4067 Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just
5322 stress RCU, they don' 4068 stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
5323 test, hence the "fake 4069 test, hence the "fake".
5324 4070
5325 rcutorture.nocbs_nthreads= [KNL] <<
5326 Set number of RCU cal <<
5327 Zero (the default) di <<
5328 <<
5329 rcutorture.nocbs_toggle= [KNL] <<
5330 Set the delay in mill <<
5331 callback-offload togg <<
5332 <<
5333 rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL] 4071 rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL]
5334 Set number of RCU rea 4072 Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects
5335 N-1, where N is the n 4073 N-1, where N is the number of CPUs. A value
5336 "n" less than -1 sele 4074 "n" less than -1 selects N-n-2, where N is again
5337 the number of CPUs. 4075 the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N
5338 (the number of CPUs), 4076 (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on.
5339 4077
5340 rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL] 4078 rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL]
5341 Enable debug-object d 4079 Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing.
5342 4080
5343 rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL] 4081 rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
5344 Set time (s) after bo 4082 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
5345 4083
5346 rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL] 4084 rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
5347 Set time (jiffies) be 4085 Set time (jiffies) between CPU-hotplug operations,
5348 or zero to disable CP 4086 or zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
5349 4087
5350 rcutorture.read_exit= [KNL] <<
5351 Set the number of rea <<
5352 to test the interacti <<
5353 task-exit processing. <<
5354 <<
5355 rcutorture.read_exit_burst= [KNL] <<
5356 The number of times i <<
5357 episode that a set of <<
5358 is spawned. <<
5359 <<
5360 rcutorture.read_exit_delay= [KNL] <<
5361 The delay, in seconds <<
5362 read-then-exit testin <<
5363 <<
5364 rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL] 4088 rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
5365 Set task-shuffle inte 4089 Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
5366 allows some CPUs to g 4090 allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
5367 during the rcutorture 4091 during the rcutorture test.
5368 4092
5369 rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL] 4093 rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
5370 Set time (s) after bo 4094 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
5371 is useful for hands-o 4095 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
5372 4096
5373 rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL] 4097 rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL]
5374 Duration of CPU stall 4098 Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
5375 warnings, zero to dis 4099 warnings, zero to disable.
5376 4100
5377 rcutorture.stall_cpu_block= [KNL] <<
5378 Sleep while stalling <<
5379 in warnings from pree <<
5380 any other stall-relat <<
5381 in kernels built with <<
5382 CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT= <<
5383 cause the CPU to pass <<
5384 Given CONFIG_PREEMPTI <<
5385 RCU CPU stall warning <<
5386 in scheduling-while-a <<
5387 <<
5388 Use of this module pa <<
5389 <<
5390 <<
5391 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL] 4101 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL]
5392 Time to wait (s) afte 4102 Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
5393 4103
5394 rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff= [KNL] 4104 rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff= [KNL]
5395 Disable interrupts wh 4105 Disable interrupts while stalling if set.
5396 4106
5397 rcutorture.stall_gp_kthread= [KNL] <<
5398 Duration (s) of force <<
5399 grace-period kthread <<
5400 warnings, zero to dis <<
5401 and stall_gp_kthread <<
5402 kthread is starved fi <<
5403 <<
5404 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL] 4107 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
5405 Time (s) between stat 4108 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
5406 4109
5407 rcutorture.stutter= [KNL] 4110 rcutorture.stutter= [KNL]
5408 Time (s) to stutter t 4111 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
5409 five seconds causes t 4112 five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
5410 wait for five seconds 4113 wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's
5411 ability to transition 4114 ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
5412 4115
5413 rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL] 4116 rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL]
5414 Test RCU priority boo 4117 Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
5415 "Maybe" means test if 4118 "Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
5416 under test support RC 4119 under test support RCU priority boosting.
5417 4120
5418 rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL] 4121 rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL]
5419 Duration (s) of each 4122 Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
5420 4123
5421 rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL] 4124 rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL]
5422 Interval (s) between 4125 Interval (s) between each boost test.
5423 4126
5424 rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL] 4127 rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL]
5425 Test RCU's dyntick-id 4128 Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
5426 rcutorture.shuffle_in 4129 rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
5427 4130
5428 rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL] 4131 rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL]
5429 Specify the RCU imple 4132 Specify the RCU implementation to test.
5430 4133
5431 rcutorture.verbose= [KNL] 4134 rcutorture.verbose= [KNL]
5432 Enable additional pri 4135 Enable additional printk() statements.
5433 4136
5434 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump= [ 4137 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump= [KNL]
5435 Dump ftrace buffer af 4138 Dump ftrace buffer after reporting RCU CPU
5436 stall warning. 4139 stall warning.
5437 4140
5438 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers= [KN <<
5439 Provide RCU CPU stall <<
5440 warnings in the RCU_C <<
5441 option's help text. <<
5442 do not want rcupdate. <<
5443 <<
5444 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL 4141 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL]
5445 Suppress RCU CPU stal 4142 Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
5446 4143
5447 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress_at_bo <<
5448 Suppress RCU CPU stal <<
5449 rcutorture writer sta <<
5450 during early boot, th <<
5451 before the init task <<
5452 <<
5453 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL] 4144 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL]
5454 Set timeout for RCU C 4145 Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
5455 The value is in secon <<
5456 value is 300 seconds. <<
5457 <<
5458 rcupdate.rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout= [ <<
5459 Set timeout for exped <<
5460 messages. The value <<
5461 and the maximum allow <<
5462 milliseconds. Please <<
5463 adjusted to an arch t <<
5464 Setting this to zero <<
5465 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stal <<
5466 conversion from secon <<
5467 <<
5468 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_cputime= [KNL] <<
5469 Provide statistics on <<
5470 interrupts and tasks <<
5471 multiple continuous R <<
5472 begin at half of the <<
5473 <<
5474 rcupdate.rcu_exp_stall_task_details= <<
5475 Print stack dumps of <<
5476 current expedited RCU <<
5477 expedited RCU CPU sta <<
5478 4146
5479 rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL] 4147 rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL]
5480 Use expedited grace-p 4148 Use expedited grace-period primitives, for
5481 example, synchronize_ 4149 example, synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead
5482 of synchronize_rcu(). 4150 of synchronize_rcu(). This reduces latency,
5483 but can increase CPU 4151 but can increase CPU utilization, degrade
5484 real-time latency, an 4152 real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency.
5485 No effect on CONFIG_T 4153 No effect on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
5486 4154
5487 rcupdate.rcu_normal= [KNL] 4155 rcupdate.rcu_normal= [KNL]
5488 Use only normal grace 4156 Use only normal grace-period primitives,
5489 for example, synchron 4157 for example, synchronize_rcu() instead of
5490 synchronize_rcu_exped 4158 synchronize_rcu_expedited(). This improves
5491 real-time latency, CP 4159 real-time latency, CPU utilization, and
5492 energy efficiency, bu 4160 energy efficiency, but can expose users to
5493 increased grace-perio 4161 increased grace-period latency. This parameter
5494 overrides rcupdate.rc 4162 overrides rcupdate.rcu_expedited. No effect on
5495 CONFIG_TINY_RCU kerne 4163 CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
5496 4164
5497 rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= [KNL] 4165 rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= [KNL]
5498 Once boot has complet 4166 Once boot has completed (that is, after
5499 rcu_end_inkernel_boot 4167 rcu_end_inkernel_boot() has been invoked), use
5500 only normal grace-per 4168 only normal grace-period primitives. No effect
5501 on CONFIG_TINY_RCU ke 4169 on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
5502 4170
5503 But note that CONFIG_ <<
5504 this kernel boot para <<
5505 it to the value one, <<
5506 post-boot attempt at <<
5507 period to instead use <<
5508 grace-period processi <<
5509 <<
5510 rcupdate.rcu_task_collapse_lim= [KNL] <<
5511 Set the maximum numbe <<
5512 at the beginning of a <<
5513 the RCU Tasks flavors <<
5514 a single callback que <<
5515 occurs when rcupdate. <<
5516 set to the default va <<
5517 <<
5518 rcupdate.rcu_task_contend_lim= [KNL] <<
5519 Set the minimum numbe <<
5520 lock-contention event <<
5521 cause the RCU Tasks f <<
5522 callback queuing. Th <<
5523 when rcupdate.rcu_tas <<
5524 the default value of <<
5525 <<
5526 rcupdate.rcu_task_enqueue_lim= [KNL] <<
5527 Set the number of cal <<
5528 RCU Tasks family of R <<
5529 of -1 allows this to <<
5530 dynamically) adjusted <<
5531 for use in testing. <<
5532 <<
5533 rcupdate.rcu_task_ipi_delay= [KNL] <<
5534 Set time in jiffies d <<
5535 avoid sending IPIs, s <<
5536 of a given grace peri <<
5537 number avoids disturb <<
5538 but lengthens grace p <<
5539 <<
5540 rcupdate.rcu_task_lazy_lim= [KNL] <<
5541 Number of callbacks o <<
5542 cancel laziness on th <<
5543 cancellation of lazin <<
5544 doing so increases th <<
5545 callback flooding. <<
5546 <<
5547 rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_info= [KNL] <<
5548 Set initial timeout i <<
5549 informational message <<
5550 of the problem for th <<
5551 wait for ten minutes. <<
5552 only printed prior to <<
5553 for a given grace per <<
5554 less than or equal to <<
5555 seconds. A change in <<
5556 until the beginning o <<
5557 <<
5558 rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_info_mult= [K <<
5559 Multiplier for time i <<
5560 RCU task stall inform <<
5561 RCU tasks grace perio <<
5562 to one through ten, i <<
5563 the value three, so t <<
5564 message is printed 10 <<
5565 period, the second at <<
5566 160 seconds, and then <<
5567 seconds would prevent <<
5568 <<
5569 rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_timeout= [KNL 4171 rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_timeout= [KNL]
5570 Set timeout in jiffie !! 4172 Set timeout in jiffies for RCU task stall warning
5571 warning messages. Di !! 4173 messages. Disable with a value less than or equal
5572 than or equal to zero !! 4174 to zero.
5573 A change in value doe <<
5574 the beginning of the <<
5575 <<
5576 rcupdate.rcu_tasks_lazy_ms= [KNL] <<
5577 Set timeout in millis <<
5578 callback batching for <<
5579 A negative value will <<
5580 of zero will disable <<
5581 always disabled for s <<
5582 <<
5583 rcupdate.rcu_tasks_rude_lazy_ms= [KNL <<
5584 Set timeout in millis <<
5585 Rude asynchronous cal <<
5586 call_rcu_tasks_rude() <<
5587 will take the default <<
5588 disable batching. Ba <<
5589 for synchronize_rcu_t <<
5590 <<
5591 rcupdate.rcu_tasks_trace_lazy_ms= [KN <<
5592 Set timeout in millis <<
5593 Trace asynchronous ca <<
5594 call_rcu_tasks_trace( <<
5595 will take the default <<
5596 disable batching. Ba <<
5597 for synchronize_rcu_t <<
5598 4175
5599 rcupdate.rcu_self_test= [KNL] 4176 rcupdate.rcu_self_test= [KNL]
5600 Run the RCU early boo 4177 Run the RCU early boot self tests
5601 4178
5602 rdinit= [KNL] 4179 rdinit= [KNL]
5603 Format: <full_path> 4180 Format: <full_path>
5604 Run specified binary 4181 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
5605 used for early usersp 4182 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
5606 4183
5607 rdrand= [X86,EARLY] !! 4184 rdrand= [X86]
5608 force - Override the 4185 force - Override the decision by the kernel to hide the
5609 advertisement 4186 advertisement of RDRAND support (this affects
5610 certain AMD p 4187 certain AMD processors because of buggy BIOS
5611 support, spec 4188 support, specifically around the suspend/resume
5612 path). 4189 path).
5613 4190
5614 rdt= [HW,X86,RDT] 4191 rdt= [HW,X86,RDT]
5615 Turn on/off individua 4192 Turn on/off individual RDT features. List is:
5616 cmt, mbmtotal, mbmloc 4193 cmt, mbmtotal, mbmlocal, l3cat, l3cdp, l2cat, l2cdp,
5617 mba, smba, bmec. !! 4194 mba.
5618 E.g. to turn on cmt a 4195 E.g. to turn on cmt and turn off mba use:
5619 rdt=cmt,!mba 4196 rdt=cmt,!mba
5620 4197
5621 reboot= [KNL] 4198 reboot= [KNL]
5622 Format (x86 or x86_64 4199 Format (x86 or x86_64):
5623 [w[arm] | c[o !! 4200 [w[arm] | c[old] | h[ard] | s[oft] | g[pio]] \
5624 [[,]s[mp]#### 4201 [[,]s[mp]#### \
5625 [[,]b[ios] | 4202 [[,]b[ios] | a[cpi] | k[bd] | t[riple] | e[fi] | p[ci]] \
5626 [[,]f[orce] 4203 [[,]f[orce]
5627 Where reboot_mode is 4204 Where reboot_mode is one of warm (soft) or cold (hard) or gpio
5628 (pref 4205 (prefix with 'panic_' to set mode for panic
5629 reboo 4206 reboot only),
5630 reboot_type is 4207 reboot_type is one of bios, acpi, kbd, triple, efi, or pci,
5631 reboot_force is 4208 reboot_force is either force or not specified,
5632 reboot_cpu is s 4209 reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor
5633 to be 4210 to be used for rebooting.
5634 4211
5635 refscale.holdoff= [KNL] <<
5636 Set test-start holdof <<
5637 this parameter is to <<
5638 test until boot compl <<
5639 interference. <<
5640 <<
5641 refscale.lookup_instances= [KNL] <<
5642 Number of data elemen <<
5643 SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU <<
5644 is negated and multip <<
5645 zero specifies nr_cpu <<
5646 <<
5647 refscale.loops= [KNL] <<
5648 Set the number of loo <<
5649 primitive under test. <<
5650 reduces noise due to <<
5651 but the default has a <<
5652 noise to a handful of <<
5653 x86 laptops. <<
5654 <<
5655 refscale.nreaders= [KNL] <<
5656 Set number of readers <<
5657 selects N, where N is <<
5658 of CPUs. A value of <<
5659 <<
5660 refscale.nruns= [KNL] <<
5661 Set number of runs, e <<
5662 the console log. <<
5663 <<
5664 refscale.readdelay= [KNL] <<
5665 Set the read-side cri <<
5666 measured in microseco <<
5667 <<
5668 refscale.scale_type= [KNL] <<
5669 Specify the read-prot <<
5670 <<
5671 refscale.shutdown= [KNL] <<
5672 Shut down the system <<
5673 test. This defaults <<
5674 refscale is built int <<
5675 it running) when refs <<
5676 <<
5677 refscale.verbose= [KNL] <<
5678 Enable additional pri <<
5679 <<
5680 refscale.verbose_batched= [KNL] <<
5681 Batch the additional <<
5682 (the default) or nega <<
5683 print every Nth verbo <<
5684 specified. <<
5685 <<
5686 regulator_ignore_unused <<
5687 [REGULATOR] <<
5688 Prevents regulator fr <<
5689 that are unused, due <<
5690 be useful for debug a <<
5691 needed on a platform <<
5692 <<
5693 relax_domain_level= 4212 relax_domain_level=
5694 [KNL, SMP] Set schedu 4213 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
5695 See Documentation/adm 4214 See Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.rst.
5696 4215
5697 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force kern 4216 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force kernel to ignore I/O ports or memory
5698 Format: <base1>,<size 4217 Format: <base1>,<size1>[,<base2>,<size2>,...]
5699 Reserve I/O ports or 4218 Reserve I/O ports or memory so the kernel won't use
5700 them. If <base> is l 4219 them. If <base> is less than 0x10000, the region
5701 is assumed to be I/O 4220 is assumed to be I/O ports; otherwise it is memory.
5702 4221
5703 reserve_mem= [RAM] !! 4222 reservetop= [X86-32]
5704 Format: nn[KNG]:<alig <<
5705 Reserve physical memo <<
5706 other subsystems can <<
5707 used for systems that <<
5708 line will try to rese <<
5709 soft reboots. Note, i <<
5710 location. For example <<
5711 or if booting a diffe <<
5712 places the kernel at <<
5713 was from a previous b <<
5714 different location. <<
5715 Any subsystem using t <<
5716 that the contents of <<
5717 boot, as there may be <<
5718 located at the same l <<
5719 <<
5720 The format is size:al <<
5721 12 megabytes of 4096 <<
5722 <<
5723 reserve_mem=12M:4096: <<
5724 <<
5725 reservetop= [X86-32,EARLY] <<
5726 Format: nn[KMG] 4223 Format: nn[KMG]
5727 Reserves a hole at th 4224 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
5728 address space. 4225 address space.
5729 4226
>> 4227 reservelow= [X86]
>> 4228 Format: nn[K]
>> 4229 Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
>> 4230 the bottom of the address space.
>> 4231
5730 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers t 4232 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
5731 during initialization 4233 during initialization.
5732 4234
5733 resume= [SWSUSP] 4235 resume= [SWSUSP]
5734 Specify the partition 4236 Specify the partition device for software suspend
5735 Format: 4237 Format:
5736 {/dev/<dev> | PARTUUI 4238 {/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
5737 4239
5738 resume_offset= [SWSUSP] 4240 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
5739 Specify the offset fr 4241 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
5740 given by "resume=" at 4242 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
5741 in <PAGE_SIZE> units 4243 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
5742 See Documentation/po 4244 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.rst
5743 4245
5744 resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay ( 4246 resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
5745 read the resume files 4247 read the resume files
5746 4248
5747 resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (i 4249 resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
5748 Useful for devices th 4250 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
5749 (e.g. USB and MMC dev 4251 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
5750 4252
5751 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd mem !! 4253 hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
5752 be accessible via /sy !! 4254 noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
5753 !! 4255 present during boot.
5754 retbleed= [X86] Control mitigat !! 4256 nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
5755 Speculative Code Exec !! 4257 no Disable hibernation and resume.
5756 vulnerability. !! 4258 protect_image Turn on image protection during restoration
5757 !! 4259 (that will set all pages holding image data
5758 AMD-based UNRET and I !! 4260 during restoration read-only).
5759 sibling threads from <<
5760 sibling threads. For <<
5761 cessors that support <<
5762 that don't. <<
5763 <<
5764 off - no mit <<
5765 auto - automa <<
5766 auto,nosmt - automa <<
5767 disabl <<
5768 the fu <<
5769 and ol <<
5770 ibpb - On AMD <<
5771 window <<
5772 Safe, <<
5773 enable <<
5774 on Int <<
5775 ibpb,nosmt - Like " <<
5776 when S <<
5777 the al <<
5778 have S <<
5779 unret - Force <<
5780 only e <<
5781 system <<
5782 unret,nosmt - Like u <<
5783 is not <<
5784 system <<
5785 <<
5786 Selecting 'auto' will <<
5787 time according to the <<
5788 4261
5789 Not specifying this o !! 4262 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
5790 4263
5791 rfkill.default_state= 4264 rfkill.default_state=
5792 0 "airplane mode". All 4265 0 "airplane mode". All wifi, bluetooth, wimax, gps, fm,
5793 etc. communication is 4266 etc. communication is blocked by default.
5794 1 Unblocked. 4267 1 Unblocked.
5795 4268
5796 rfkill.master_switch_mode= 4269 rfkill.master_switch_mode=
5797 0 The "airplane mode" b 4270 0 The "airplane mode" button does nothing.
5798 1 The "airplane mode" b 4271 1 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything
5799 blocked and the previ 4272 blocked and the previous configuration.
5800 2 The "airplane mode" b 4273 2 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything
5801 blocked and everythin 4274 blocked and everything unblocked.
5802 4275
>> 4276 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
>> 4277 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
>> 4278
5803 ring3mwait=disable 4279 ring3mwait=disable
5804 [KNL] Disable ring 3 4280 [KNL] Disable ring 3 MONITOR/MWAIT feature on supported
5805 CPUs. 4281 CPUs.
5806 4282
5807 riscv_isa_fallback [RISCV,EARLY] <<
5808 When CONFIG_RISCV_ISA <<
5809 falling back to detec <<
5810 "riscv,isa" property <<
5811 replacement propertie <<
5812 entry for RISCV_ISA_F <<
5813 <<
5814 ro [KNL] Mount root devi 4283 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
5815 4284
5816 rodata= [KNL,EARLY] !! 4285 rodata= [KNL]
5817 on Mark read-only kernel 4286 on Mark read-only kernel memory as read-only (default).
5818 off Leave read-only kerne 4287 off Leave read-only kernel memory writable for debugging.
5819 full Mark read-only kernel <<
5820 [arm64] <<
5821 4288
5822 rockchip.usb_uart 4289 rockchip.usb_uart
5823 [EARLY] <<
5824 Enable the uart passt 4290 Enable the uart passthrough on the designated usb port
5825 on Rockchip SoCs. Whe 4291 on Rockchip SoCs. When active, the signals of the
5826 debug-uart get routed 4292 debug-uart get routed to the D+ and D- pins of the usb
5827 port and the regular 4293 port and the regular usb controller gets disabled.
5828 4294
5829 root= [KNL] Root filesystem 4295 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
5830 Usually this a a bloc !! 4296 See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
5831 see the early_lookup_ <<
5832 block/early-lookup.c <<
5833 Alternatively this ca <<
5834 ramdisk, "nfs" and "c <<
5835 system, or "mtd" and <<
5836 4297
5837 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in secon 4298 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
5838 mount the root filesy 4299 mount the root filesystem
5839 4300
5840 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesy 4301 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
5841 4302
5842 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesy 4303 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
5843 4304
5844 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinit 4305 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
5845 Useful for devices th 4306 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
5846 (e.g. USB and MMC dev 4307 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
5847 4308
5848 rootwait= [KNL] Maximum time (i <<
5849 to show up before att <<
5850 filesystem. <<
5851 <<
5852 rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address] 4309 rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address]
5853 [KNL,ARM,CMA] Remotep 4310 [KNL,ARM,CMA] Remoteproc physical memory block.
5854 Memory area to be use 4311 Memory area to be used by remote processor image,
5855 managed by CMA. 4312 managed by CMA.
5856 4313
5857 rw [KNL] Mount root devi 4314 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
5858 4315
5859 S [KNL] Run init in sin 4316 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
5860 4317
5861 s390_iommu= [HW,S390] 4318 s390_iommu= [HW,S390]
5862 Set s390 IOTLB flushi 4319 Set s390 IOTLB flushing mode
5863 strict 4320 strict
5864 With strict flushing !! 4321 With strict flushing every unmap operation will result in
5865 in an IOTLB flush. De !! 4322 an IOTLB flush. Default is lazy flushing before reuse,
5866 reuse, which is faste !! 4323 which is faster.
5867 iommu.strict=1. <<
5868 <<
5869 s390_iommu_aperture= [KNL,S390] <<
5870 Specifies the size of <<
5871 accessible through th <<
5872 factor of the size of <<
5873 The default is 1 mean <<
5874 as many DMA addresses <<
5875 if supported by hardw <<
5876 once. With a value of <<
5877 and so on. As a speci <<
5878 restrictions other th <<
5879 cost of significant a <<
5880 4324
5881 sa1100ir [NET] 4325 sa1100ir [NET]
5882 See drivers/net/irda/ 4326 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
5883 4327
5884 sched_verbose [KNL,EARLY] Enables v !! 4328 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
>> 4329
>> 4330 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
5885 4331
5886 schedstats= [KNL,X86] Enable or d 4332 schedstats= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable scheduled statistics.
5887 Allowed values are en 4333 Allowed values are enable and disable. This feature
5888 incurs a small amount 4334 incurs a small amount of overhead in the scheduler
5889 but is useful for deb 4335 but is useful for debugging and performance tuning.
5890 4336
5891 sched_thermal_decay_shift= !! 4337 skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
5892 [Deprecated] <<
5893 [KNL, SMP] Set a deca <<
5894 pressure signal. Ther <<
5895 default decay period <<
5896 signals(usually 32 ms <<
5897 sched_thermal_decay_s <<
5898 period for the therma <<
5899 value. <<
5900 i.e. with the default <<
5901 sched_thermal_decay_s <<
5902 1 <<
5903 2 <<
5904 and so on. <<
5905 Format: integer betwe <<
5906 Default is 0. <<
5907 <<
5908 scftorture.holdoff= [KNL] <<
5909 Number of seconds to <<
5910 test. Defaults to ze <<
5911 to 10 seconds for bui <<
5912 tests. <<
5913 <<
5914 scftorture.longwait= [KNL] <<
5915 Request ridiculously <<
5916 up to the chosen limi <<
5917 default) disables thi <<
5918 that requesting even <<
5919 seconds can result in <<
5920 softlockup complaints <<
5921 <<
5922 scftorture.nthreads= [KNL] <<
5923 Number of kthreads to <<
5924 smp_call_function() f <<
5925 The default of -1 spe <<
5926 equal to the number o <<
5927 <<
5928 scftorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL] <<
5929 Number seconds to wai <<
5930 test before initiatin <<
5931 <<
5932 scftorture.onoff_interval= [KNL] <<
5933 Number seconds to wai <<
5934 CPU-hotplug operation <<
5935 is the default) disab <<
5936 <<
5937 scftorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL] <<
5938 The number of seconds <<
5939 test after which to s <<
5940 default of zero avoid <<
5941 Non-zero values are u <<
5942 <<
5943 scftorture.stat_interval= [KNL] <<
5944 The number of seconds <<
5945 current test statisti <<
5946 of zero disables stat <<
5947 <<
5948 scftorture.stutter_cpus= [KNL] <<
5949 The number of jiffies <<
5950 to the set of CPUs un <<
5951 <<
5952 scftorture.use_cpus_read_lock= [KNL] <<
5953 Use use_cpus_read_loc <<
5954 preempt_disable() to <<
5955 while invoking one of <<
5956 functions. <<
5957 <<
5958 scftorture.verbose= [KNL] <<
5959 Enable additional pri <<
5960 <<
5961 scftorture.weight_single= [KNL] <<
5962 The probability weigh <<
5963 smp_call_function_sin <<
5964 "wait" parameter. A <<
5965 default if all other <<
5966 if at least one weigh <<
5967 value of -1 will inst <<
5968 <<
5969 scftorture.weight_single_wait= [KNL] <<
5970 The probability weigh <<
5971 smp_call_function_sin <<
5972 non-zero "wait" param <<
5973 <<
5974 scftorture.weight_many= [KNL] <<
5975 The probability weigh <<
5976 smp_call_function_man <<
5977 "wait" parameter. Se <<
5978 Note well that settin <<
5979 this weighting can pl <<
5980 on the system. <<
5981 <<
5982 scftorture.weight_many_wait= [KNL] <<
5983 The probability weigh <<
5984 smp_call_function_man <<
5985 non-zero "wait" param <<
5986 and weight_many. <<
5987 <<
5988 scftorture.weight_all= [KNL] <<
5989 The probability weigh <<
5990 smp_call_function_all <<
5991 "wait" parameter. Se <<
5992 weight_many. <<
5993 <<
5994 scftorture.weight_all_wait= [KNL] <<
5995 The probability weigh <<
5996 smp_call_function_all <<
5997 non-zero "wait" param <<
5998 and weight_many. <<
5999 <<
6000 skew_tick= [KNL,EARLY] Offset th <<
6001 xtime_lock contention 4338 xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
6002 contention on all sys 4339 contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
6003 Format: { "0" | "1" } 4340 Format: { "0" | "1" }
6004 0 -- disable. (may be 4341 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
6005 1 -- enable. 4342 1 -- enable.
6006 Note: increases power 4343 Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
6007 enabled if running ji 4344 enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
6008 4345
6009 security= [SECURITY] Choose a l 4346 security= [SECURITY] Choose a legacy "major" security module to
6010 enable at boot. This 4347 enable at boot. This has been deprecated by the
6011 "lsm=" parameter. 4348 "lsm=" parameter.
6012 4349
6013 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or 4350 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
6014 Format: { "0" | "1" } 4351 Format: { "0" | "1" }
6015 See security/selinux/ 4352 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
6016 0 -- disable. 4353 0 -- disable.
6017 1 -- enable. 4354 1 -- enable.
6018 Default value is 1. !! 4355 Default value is set via kernel config option.
>> 4356 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
>> 4357 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
6019 4358
6020 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32] !! 4359 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
>> 4360 Format: { "0" | "1" }
>> 4361 See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
>> 4362 0 -- disable.
>> 4363 1 -- enable.
>> 4364 Default value is set via kernel config option.
6021 4365
6022 sev=option[,option...] [X86-64] See D !! 4366 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
6023 4367
6024 shapers= [NET] 4368 shapers= [NET]
6025 Maximal number of sha 4369 Maximal number of shapers.
6026 4370
6027 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced P !! 4371 simeth= [IA-64]
6028 Limit apic dumping. T !! 4372 simscsi=
6029 number of local apics !! 4373
6030 to set it to "all" by !! 4374 slram= [HW,MTD]
6031 Format: { 1 (default) !! 4375
6032 The parameter valid i !! 4376 slab_nomerge [MM]
6033 apic=verbose is speci !! 4377 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
6034 Example: apic=debug s !! 4378 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
>> 4379 allocs to different slabs, especially in hardened
>> 4380 environments where the risk of heap overflows and
>> 4381 layout control by attackers can usually be
>> 4382 frustrated by disabling merging. This will reduce
>> 4383 most of the exposure of a heap attack to a single
>> 4384 cache (risks via metadata attacks are mostly
>> 4385 unchanged). Debug options disable merging on their
>> 4386 own.
>> 4387 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.rst.
>> 4388
>> 4389 slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB]
>> 4390 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
>> 4391 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
>> 4392 fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with
>> 4393 more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
6035 4394
6036 slab_debug[=options[,slabs][;[options !! 4395 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
6037 Enabling slab_debug a !! 4396 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
6038 culprit if slab objec 4397 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
6039 slab_debug can create !! 4398 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
6040 may poison objects wh 4399 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
6041 last alloc / free. Fo 4400 last alloc / free. For more information see
6042 Documentation/mm/slub !! 4401 Documentation/vm/slub.rst.
6043 (slub_debug legacy na <<
6044 4402
6045 slab_max_order= [MM] !! 4403 slub_memcg_sysfs= [MM, SLUB]
>> 4404 Determines whether to enable sysfs directories for
>> 4405 memory cgroup sub-caches. 1 to enable, 0 to disable.
>> 4406 The default is determined by CONFIG_SLUB_MEMCG_SYSFS_ON.
>> 4407 Enabling this can lead to a very high number of debug
>> 4408 directories and files being created under
>> 4409 /sys/kernel/slub.
>> 4410
>> 4411 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
6046 Determines the maximu 4412 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
6047 A high setting may ca 4413 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
6048 fragmentation. For mo 4414 fragmentation. For more information see
6049 Documentation/mm/slub !! 4415 Documentation/vm/slub.rst.
6050 (slub_max_order legac <<
6051 <<
6052 slab_merge [MM] <<
6053 Enable merging of sla <<
6054 kernel is built witho <<
6055 (slub_merge legacy na <<
6056 4416
6057 slab_min_objects= [MM] !! 4417 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
6058 The minimum number of 4418 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
6059 increase the slab ord !! 4419 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
6060 generate a sufficient 4420 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
6061 the number of objects 4421 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
6062 of objects the smalle 4422 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
6063 and the less frequent 4423 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
6064 For more information !! 4424 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.rst.
6065 (slub_min_objects leg <<
6066 4425
6067 slab_min_order= [MM] !! 4426 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
6068 Determines the minimu 4427 Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
6069 lower or equal to sla !! 4428 lower than slub_max_order.
6070 Documentation/mm/slub !! 4429 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.rst.
6071 (slub_min_order legac <<
6072 4430
6073 slab_nomerge [MM] !! 4431 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
6074 Disable merging of sl !! 4432 Same with slab_nomerge. This is supported for legacy.
6075 necessary if there is !! 4433 See slab_nomerge for more information.
6076 allocs to different s <<
6077 environments where th <<
6078 layout control by att <<
6079 frustrated by disabli <<
6080 most of the exposure <<
6081 cache (risks via meta <<
6082 unchanged). Debug opt <<
6083 own. <<
6084 For more information <<
6085 (slub_nomerge legacy <<
6086 <<
6087 slram= [HW,MTD] <<
6088 4434
6089 smart2= [HW] 4435 smart2= [HW]
6090 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[ 4436 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
6091 4437
6092 smp.csd_lock_timeout= [KNL] <<
6093 Specify the period of <<
6094 that smp_call_functio <<
6095 for a CPU to release <<
6096 useful when diagnosin <<
6097 disabling interrupts <<
6098 of time. Defaults to <<
6099 setting a value of ze <<
6100 This feature may be m <<
6101 using the csdlock_deb <<
6102 <<
6103 smp.panic_on_ipistall= [KNL] <<
6104 If a csd_lock_timeout <<
6105 the specified number <<
6106 system. By default, <<
6107 take as long as they <<
6108 for this value provid <<
6109 <<
6110 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't us 4438 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
6111 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device c 4439 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
6112 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base 4440 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
6113 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base 4441 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
6114 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line 4442 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
6115 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA chan 4443 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
6116 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Tra 4444 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
6117 0: Toshiba Sa 4445 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
6118 1: Fast pin s 4446 1: Fast pin select (default)
6119 2: ATC IRMode 4447 2: ATC IRMode
6120 4448
6121 smt= [KNL,MIPS,S390,EARLY] !! 4449 smt [KNL,S390] Set the maximum number of threads (logical
6122 (logical CPUs) to use !! 4450 CPUs) to use per physical CPU on systems capable of
6123 capable of symmetric !! 4451 symmetric multithreading (SMT). Will be capped to the
6124 be capped to the actu !! 4452 actual hardware limit.
6125 Format: <integer> 4453 Format: <integer>
6126 Default: -1 (no limit 4454 Default: -1 (no limit)
6127 4455
6128 softlockup_panic= 4456 softlockup_panic=
6129 [KNL] Should the soft 4457 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
6130 Format: 0 | 1 !! 4458 Format: <integer>
6131 4459
6132 A value of 1 instruct !! 4460 A nonzero value instructs the soft-lockup detector
6133 to panic the machine !! 4461 to panic the machine when a soft-lockup occurs. This
6134 also controlled by th !! 4462 is also controlled by CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_SOFTLOCKUP_PANIC
6135 and CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_ !! 4463 which is the respective build-time switch to that
6136 respective build-time !! 4464 functionality.
6137 4465
6138 softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace= 4466 softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=
6139 [KNL] Should the soft 4467 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate
6140 backtraces on all cpu 4468 backtraces on all cpus.
6141 Format: 0 | 1 !! 4469 Format: <integer>
6142 4470
6143 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmabl 4471 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
6144 See Documentation/adm 4472 See Documentation/admin-guide/laptops/sonypi.rst
6145 4473
6146 spectre_bhi= [X86] Control mitigat !! 4474 spectre_v2= [X86] Control mitigation of Spectre variant 2
6147 (BHI) vulnerability. <<
6148 deployment of the HW <<
6149 clearing sequence. <<
6150 <<
6151 on - (default) En <<
6152 needed. Thi <<
6153 both syscall <<
6154 vmexit - On systems w <<
6155 available, e <<
6156 ONLY. On su <<
6157 protected fr <<
6158 may still be <<
6159 off - Disable the <<
6160 <<
6161 spectre_v2= [X86,EARLY] Control m <<
6162 (indirect branch spec 4475 (indirect branch speculation) vulnerability.
6163 The default operation 4476 The default operation protects the kernel from
6164 user space attacks. 4477 user space attacks.
6165 4478
6166 on - unconditionall 4479 on - unconditionally enable, implies
6167 spectre_v2_use 4480 spectre_v2_user=on
6168 off - unconditionall 4481 off - unconditionally disable, implies
6169 spectre_v2_use 4482 spectre_v2_user=off
6170 auto - kernel detects 4483 auto - kernel detects whether your CPU model is
6171 vulnerable 4484 vulnerable
6172 4485
6173 Selecting 'on' will, 4486 Selecting 'on' will, and 'auto' may, choose a
6174 mitigation method at 4487 mitigation method at run time according to the
6175 CPU, the available mi 4488 CPU, the available microcode, the setting of the
6176 CONFIG_MITIGATION_RET !! 4489 CONFIG_RETPOLINE configuration option, and the
6177 and the compiler with !! 4490 compiler with which the kernel was built.
6178 4491
6179 Selecting 'on' will a 4492 Selecting 'on' will also enable the mitigation
6180 against user space to 4493 against user space to user space task attacks.
6181 4494
6182 Selecting 'off' will 4495 Selecting 'off' will disable both the kernel and
6183 the user space protec 4496 the user space protections.
6184 4497
6185 Specific mitigations 4498 Specific mitigations can also be selected manually:
6186 4499
6187 retpoline - r 4500 retpoline - replace indirect branches
6188 retpoline,generic - R !! 4501 retpoline,generic - google's original retpoline
6189 retpoline,lfence - L !! 4502 retpoline,amd - AMD-specific minimal thunk
6190 retpoline,amd - a <<
6191 eibrs - E <<
6192 eibrs,retpoline - E <<
6193 eibrs,lfence - E <<
6194 ibrs - u <<
6195 4503
6196 Not specifying this o 4504 Not specifying this option is equivalent to
6197 spectre_v2=auto. 4505 spectre_v2=auto.
6198 4506
6199 spectre_v2_user= 4507 spectre_v2_user=
6200 [X86] Control mitigat 4508 [X86] Control mitigation of Spectre variant 2
6201 (indirect branch spec 4509 (indirect branch speculation) vulnerability between
6202 user space tasks 4510 user space tasks
6203 4511
6204 on - Uncondition 4512 on - Unconditionally enable mitigations. Is
6205 enforced by 4513 enforced by spectre_v2=on
6206 4514
6207 off - Uncondition 4515 off - Unconditionally disable mitigations. Is
6208 enforced by 4516 enforced by spectre_v2=off
6209 4517
6210 prctl - Indirect br 4518 prctl - Indirect branch speculation is enabled,
6211 but mitigat 4519 but mitigation can be enabled via prctl
6212 per thread. 4520 per thread. The mitigation control state
6213 is inherite 4521 is inherited on fork.
6214 4522
6215 prctl,ibpb 4523 prctl,ibpb
6216 - Like "prctl 4524 - Like "prctl" above, but only STIBP is
6217 controlled 4525 controlled per thread. IBPB is issued
6218 always when 4526 always when switching between different user
6219 space proce 4527 space processes.
6220 4528
6221 seccomp 4529 seccomp
6222 - Same as "pr 4530 - Same as "prctl" above, but all seccomp
6223 threads wil 4531 threads will enable the mitigation unless
6224 they explic 4532 they explicitly opt out.
6225 4533
6226 seccomp,ibpb 4534 seccomp,ibpb
6227 - Like "secco 4535 - Like "seccomp" above, but only STIBP is
6228 controlled 4536 controlled per thread. IBPB is issued
6229 always when 4537 always when switching between different
6230 user space 4538 user space processes.
6231 4539
6232 auto - Kernel sele 4540 auto - Kernel selects the mitigation depending on
6233 the availab 4541 the available CPU features and vulnerability.
6234 4542
6235 Default mitigation: " !! 4543 Default mitigation:
>> 4544 If CONFIG_SECCOMP=y then "seccomp", otherwise "prctl"
6236 4545
6237 Not specifying this o 4546 Not specifying this option is equivalent to
6238 spectre_v2_user=auto. 4547 spectre_v2_user=auto.
6239 4548
6240 spec_rstack_overflow= <<
6241 [X86,EARLY] Control R <<
6242 <<
6243 off - Dis <<
6244 microcode - Ena <<
6245 safe-ret - Ena <<
6246 ibpb - Ena <<
6247 ker <<
6248 ibpb-vmexit - Iss <<
6249 (cl <<
6250 <<
6251 spec_store_bypass_disable= 4549 spec_store_bypass_disable=
6252 [HW,EARLY] Control Sp !! 4550 [HW] Control Speculative Store Bypass (SSB) Disable mitigation
6253 (Speculative Store By 4551 (Speculative Store Bypass vulnerability)
6254 4552
6255 Certain CPUs are vuln 4553 Certain CPUs are vulnerable to an exploit against a
6256 a common industry wid 4554 a common industry wide performance optimization known
6257 as "Speculative Store 4555 as "Speculative Store Bypass" in which recent stores
6258 to the same memory lo 4556 to the same memory location may not be observed by
6259 later loads during sp 4557 later loads during speculative execution. The idea
6260 is that such stores a 4558 is that such stores are unlikely and that they can
6261 be detected prior to 4559 be detected prior to instruction retirement at the
6262 end of a particular s 4560 end of a particular speculation execution window.
6263 4561
6264 In vulnerable process 4562 In vulnerable processors, the speculatively forwarded
6265 store can be used in 4563 store can be used in a cache side channel attack, for
6266 example to read memor 4564 example to read memory to which the attacker does not
6267 directly have access 4565 directly have access (e.g. inside sandboxed code).
6268 4566
6269 This parameter contro 4567 This parameter controls whether the Speculative Store
6270 Bypass optimization i 4568 Bypass optimization is used.
6271 4569
6272 On x86 the options ar 4570 On x86 the options are:
6273 4571
6274 on - Uncondition 4572 on - Unconditionally disable Speculative Store Bypass
6275 off - Uncondition 4573 off - Unconditionally enable Speculative Store Bypass
6276 auto - Kernel dete 4574 auto - Kernel detects whether the CPU model contains an
6277 implementat 4575 implementation of Speculative Store Bypass and
6278 picks the m 4576 picks the most appropriate mitigation. If the
6279 CPU is not 4577 CPU is not vulnerable, "off" is selected. If the
6280 CPU is vuln 4578 CPU is vulnerable the default mitigation is
6281 architectur 4579 architecture and Kconfig dependent. See below.
6282 prctl - Control Spe 4580 prctl - Control Speculative Store Bypass per thread
6283 via prctl. 4581 via prctl. Speculative Store Bypass is enabled
6284 for a proce 4582 for a process by default. The state of the control
6285 is inherite 4583 is inherited on fork.
6286 seccomp - Same as "pr 4584 seccomp - Same as "prctl" above, but all seccomp threads
6287 will disabl 4585 will disable SSB unless they explicitly opt out.
6288 4586
6289 Default mitigations: 4587 Default mitigations:
6290 X86: "prctl" !! 4588 X86: If CONFIG_SECCOMP=y "seccomp", otherwise "prctl"
6291 4589
6292 On powerpc the option 4590 On powerpc the options are:
6293 4591
6294 on,auto - On Power8 a 4592 on,auto - On Power8 and Power9 insert a store-forwarding
6295 barrier on 4593 barrier on kernel entry and exit. On Power7
6296 perform a s 4594 perform a software flush on kernel entry and
6297 exit. 4595 exit.
6298 off - No action. 4596 off - No action.
6299 4597
6300 Not specifying this o 4598 Not specifying this option is equivalent to
6301 spec_store_bypass_dis 4599 spec_store_bypass_disable=auto.
6302 4600
6303 split_lock_detect= !! 4601 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
6304 [X86] Enable split lo !! 4602 spia_fio_base=
6305 !! 4603 spia_pedr=
6306 When enabled (and if !! 4604 spia_peddr=
6307 instructions that acc <<
6308 boundaries will resul <<
6309 for split lock detect <<
6310 bus lock detection. <<
6311 <<
6312 off - not enabled <<
6313 <<
6314 warn - the kernel <<
6315 about appli <<
6316 exception o <<
6317 the default <<
6318 detection o <<
6319 behavior is <<
6320 enabled in <<
6321 <<
6322 fatal - the kernel <<
6323 that trigge <<
6324 exception. <<
6325 both featur <<
6326 <<
6327 ratelimit:N - <<
6328 Set system <<
6329 per second <<
6330 0 < N <= 10 <<
6331 <<
6332 N/A for spl <<
6333 <<
6334 <<
6335 If an #AC exception i <<
6336 firmware (i.e. not wh <<
6337 the kernel will oops <<
6338 mode. <<
6339 <<
6340 #DB exception for bus <<
6341 CPL > 0. <<
6342 <<
6343 srbds= [X86,INTEL,EARLY] <<
6344 Control the Special R <<
6345 (SRBDS) mitigation. <<
6346 <<
6347 Certain CPUs are vuln <<
6348 exploit which can lea <<
6349 number generator. <<
6350 <<
6351 By default, this issu <<
6352 microcode. However, <<
6353 the RDRAND and RDSEED <<
6354 much slower. Among o <<
6355 result in reduced thr <<
6356 <<
6357 The microcode mitigat <<
6358 the following option: <<
6359 <<
6360 off: Disable mitig <<
6361 performance i <<
6362 <<
6363 srcutree.big_cpu_lim [KNL] <<
6364 Specifies the number <<
6365 large system, such th <<
6366 should immediately al <<
6367 This kernel-boot para <<
6368 but takes effect only <<
6369 bits of srcutree.conv <<
6370 (decide at boot). <<
6371 <<
6372 srcutree.convert_to_big [KNL] <<
6373 Specifies under what <<
6374 srcu_struct structure <<
6375 form, that is, with a <<
6376 <<
6377 0: Never. <<
6378 1: At ini <<
6379 2: When r <<
6380 3: Decide <<
6381 0x1X: Above <<
6382 <<
6383 Either way, the srcu_ <<
6384 on the actual runtime <<
6385 instead of the compil <<
6386 4605
6387 srcutree.counter_wrap_check [KNL] 4606 srcutree.counter_wrap_check [KNL]
6388 Specifies how frequen 4607 Specifies how frequently to check for
6389 grace-period sequence 4608 grace-period sequence counter wrap for the
6390 srcu_data structure's 4609 srcu_data structure's ->srcu_gp_seq_needed field.
6391 The greater the numbe 4610 The greater the number of bits set in this kernel
6392 parameter, the less f 4611 parameter, the less frequently counter wrap will
6393 be checked for. Note 4612 be checked for. Note that the bottom two bits
6394 are ignored. 4613 are ignored.
6395 4614
6396 srcutree.exp_holdoff [KNL] 4615 srcutree.exp_holdoff [KNL]
6397 Specifies how many na 4616 Specifies how many nanoseconds must elapse
6398 since the end of the 4617 since the end of the last SRCU grace period for
6399 a given srcu_struct u 4618 a given srcu_struct until the next normal SRCU
6400 grace period will be 4619 grace period will be considered for automatic
6401 expediting. Set to z 4620 expediting. Set to zero to disable automatic
6402 expediting. 4621 expediting.
6403 4622
6404 srcutree.srcu_max_nodelay [KNL] !! 4623 ssbd= [ARM64,HW]
6405 Specifies the number <<
6406 per jiffy for which t <<
6407 worker thread will be <<
6408 delay. Beyond this li <<
6409 be rescheduled with a <<
6410 <<
6411 srcutree.srcu_max_nodelay_phase [KNL] <<
6412 Specifies the per-gra <<
6413 non-sleeping polls of <<
6414 grace period worker t <<
6415 with a sleep delay of <<
6416 rescan of the readers <<
6417 <<
6418 srcutree.srcu_retry_check_delay [KNL] <<
6419 Specifies number of m <<
6420 delay between each no <<
6421 <<
6422 srcutree.small_contention_lim [KNL] <<
6423 Specifies the number <<
6424 events per jiffy will <<
6425 initiating a conversi <<
6426 structure to big form <<
6427 srcutree.convert_to_b <<
6428 set for contention-ba <<
6429 <<
6430 ssbd= [ARM64,HW,EARLY] <<
6431 Speculative Store Byp 4624 Speculative Store Bypass Disable control
6432 4625
6433 On CPUs that are vuln 4626 On CPUs that are vulnerable to the Speculative
6434 Store Bypass vulnerab 4627 Store Bypass vulnerability and offer a
6435 firmware based mitiga 4628 firmware based mitigation, this parameter
6436 indicates how the mit 4629 indicates how the mitigation should be used:
6437 4630
6438 force-on: Unconditio 4631 force-on: Unconditionally enable mitigation for
6439 for both k 4632 for both kernel and userspace
6440 force-off: Unconditio 4633 force-off: Unconditionally disable mitigation for
6441 for both k 4634 for both kernel and userspace
6442 kernel: Always ena 4635 kernel: Always enable mitigation in the
6443 kernel, an 4636 kernel, and offer a prctl interface
6444 to allow u 4637 to allow userspace to register its
6445 interest i 4638 interest in being mitigated too.
6446 4639
6447 stack_guard_gap= [MM] 4640 stack_guard_gap= [MM]
6448 override the default 4641 override the default stack gap protection. The value
6449 is in page units and 4642 is in page units and it defines how many pages prior
6450 to (for stacks growin 4643 to (for stacks growing down) resp. after (for stacks
6451 growing up) the main 4644 growing up) the main stack are reserved for no other
6452 mapping. Default valu 4645 mapping. Default value is 256 pages.
6453 4646
6454 stack_depot_disable= [KNL,EARLY] <<
6455 Setting this to true <<
6456 disable the stack dep <<
6457 consumed by the stack <<
6458 to false. <<
6459 <<
6460 stacktrace [FTRACE] 4647 stacktrace [FTRACE]
6461 Enabled the stack tra 4648 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
6462 4649
6463 stacktrace_filter=[function-list] 4650 stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
6464 [FTRACE] Limit the fu 4651 [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer
6465 will trace at boot up !! 4652 will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
6466 list of functions. Th 4653 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
6467 time by the stack_tra 4654 time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs
6468 tracing directory. No 4655 tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing
6469 and the stacktrace ab 4656 and the stacktrace above is not needed.
6470 4657
6471 sti= [PARISC,HW] 4658 sti= [PARISC,HW]
6472 Format: <num> 4659 Format: <num>
6473 Set the STI (builtin 4660 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
6474 machines) console (gr 4661 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
6475 as the initial boot-c 4662 as the initial boot-console.
6476 See also comment in d 4663 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
6477 4664
6478 sti_font= [HW] 4665 sti_font= [HW]
6479 See comment in driver 4666 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
6480 4667
6481 stifb= [HW] 4668 stifb= [HW]
6482 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:< 4669 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
6483 4670
6484 strict_sas_size= <<
6485 [X86] <<
6486 Format: <bool> <<
6487 Enable or disable str <<
6488 against the required <<
6489 depends on the suppor <<
6490 be used to filter out <<
6491 not yet been made awa <<
6492 <<
6493 stress_hpt [PPC,EARLY] <<
6494 Limits the number of <<
6495 page table to increas <<
6496 faults on kernel addr <<
6497 <<
6498 stress_slb [PPC,EARLY] <<
6499 Limits the number of <<
6500 them frequently to in <<
6501 on kernel addresses. <<
6502 <<
6503 sunrpc.min_resvport= 4671 sunrpc.min_resvport=
6504 sunrpc.max_resvport= 4672 sunrpc.max_resvport=
6505 [NFS,SUNRPC] 4673 [NFS,SUNRPC]
6506 SunRPC servers often 4674 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
6507 originate from a priv 4675 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
6508 range 0 < portnr < 10 4676 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
6509 An administrator who 4677 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
6510 ports for other uses 4678 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
6511 kernel's sunrpc clien 4679 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
6512 using these two param 4680 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
6513 maximum port values. 4681 maximum port values.
6514 4682
6515 sunrpc.svc_rpc_per_connection_limit= 4683 sunrpc.svc_rpc_per_connection_limit=
6516 [NFS,SUNRPC] 4684 [NFS,SUNRPC]
6517 Limit the number of r 4685 Limit the number of requests that the server will
6518 process in parallel f 4686 process in parallel from a single connection.
6519 The default value is 4687 The default value is 0 (no limit).
6520 4688
6521 sunrpc.pool_mode= 4689 sunrpc.pool_mode=
6522 [NFS] 4690 [NFS]
6523 Control how the NFS s 4691 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
6524 service thread pools. 4692 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
6525 you have and where th 4693 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
6526 option will affect wh 4694 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
6527 Note: this parameter 4695 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
6528 NFS server is running 4696 NFS server is running.
6529 4697
6530 auto the serve 4698 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
6531 automatic 4699 automatically using heuristics
6532 global a single 4700 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
6533 percpu one pool 4701 percpu one pool for each CPU
6534 pernode one pool 4702 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
6535 to global 4703 to global on non-NUMA machines)
6536 4704
6537 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries= 4705 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
6538 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries= 4706 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
6539 [NFS,SUNRPC] 4707 [NFS,SUNRPC]
6540 Sets the upper limit 4708 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
6541 RPC calls that can be 4709 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
6542 server. Increasing th 4710 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
6543 improve throughput, b 4711 improve throughput, but will also increase the
6544 amount of memory rese 4712 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
6545 4713
6546 suspend.pm_test_delay= 4714 suspend.pm_test_delay=
6547 [SUSPEND] 4715 [SUSPEND]
6548 Sets the number of se 4716 Sets the number of seconds to remain in a suspend test
6549 mode before resuming 4717 mode before resuming the system (see
6550 /sys/power/pm_test). 4718 /sys/power/pm_test). Only available when CONFIG_PM_DEBUG
6551 is set. Default value 4719 is set. Default value is 5.
6552 4720
6553 svm= [PPC] 4721 svm= [PPC]
6554 Format: { on | off | 4722 Format: { on | off | y | n | 1 | 0 }
6555 This parameter contro 4723 This parameter controls use of the Protected
6556 Execution Facility on 4724 Execution Facility on pSeries.
6557 4725
6558 swiotlb= [ARM,PPC,MIPS,X86,S39 !! 4726 swapaccount=[0|1]
6559 Format: { <int> [,<in !! 4727 [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
>> 4728 controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
>> 4729 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/memory.rst)
>> 4730
>> 4731 swiotlb= [ARM,IA-64,PPC,MIPS,X86]
>> 4732 Format: { <int> | force | noforce }
6560 <int> -- Number of I/ 4733 <int> -- Number of I/O TLB slabs
6561 <int> -- Second integ <<
6562 areas with t <<
6563 to a power o <<
6564 force -- force using 4734 force -- force using of bounce buffers even if they
6565 wouldn't be 4735 wouldn't be automatically used by the kernel
6566 noforce -- Never use 4736 noforce -- Never use bounce buffers (for debugging)
6567 4737
6568 switches= [HW,M68k,EARLY] !! 4738 switches= [HW,M68k]
6569 4739
6570 sysctl.*= [KNL] !! 4740 sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
6571 Set a sysctl paramete !! 4741 Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
6572 process, as if the va !! 4742 on older distributions. When this option is enabled
6573 /proc/sys/... file. B !! 4743 very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
6574 separators. Unrecogni !! 4744 is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
6575 are reported in the k !! 4745 in older udev will not work anymore.
6576 later by a loaded mod !! 4746 Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
6577 Example: sysctl.vm.sw !! 4747 the kernel configuration.
6578 4748
6579 sysrq_always_enabled 4749 sysrq_always_enabled
6580 [KNL] 4750 [KNL]
6581 Ignore sysrq setting 4751 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
6582 neutralize any effect 4752 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
6583 Useful for debugging. 4753 Useful for debugging.
6584 4754
6585 tcpmhash_entries= [KNL,NET] 4755 tcpmhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
6586 Set the number of tcp 4756 Set the number of tcp_metrics_hash slots.
6587 Default value is 8192 4757 Default value is 8192 or 16384 depending on total
6588 ram pages. This is us 4758 ram pages. This is used to specify the TCP metrics
6589 cache size. See Docum !! 4759 cache size. See Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
6590 "tcp_no_metrics_save" 4760 "tcp_no_metrics_save" section for more details.
6591 4761
6592 tdfx= [HW,DRM] 4762 tdfx= [HW,DRM]
6593 4763
6594 test_suspend= [SUSPEND] !! 4764 test_suspend= [SUSPEND][,N]
6595 Format: { "mem" | "st <<
6596 Specify "mem" (for Su 4765 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
6597 standby suspend) or " 4766 standby suspend) or "freeze" (for suspend type freeze)
6598 as the system sleep s 4767 as the system sleep state during system startup with
6599 the optional capabili 4768 the optional capability to repeat N number of times.
6600 The system is woken f 4769 The system is woken from this state using a
6601 wakeup-capable RTC al 4770 wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
6602 4771
6603 thash_entries= [KNL,NET] 4772 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
6604 Set number of hash bu 4773 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
6605 4774
6606 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI] 4775 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
6607 -1: disable all activ 4776 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
6608 <degrees C>: override 4777 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
6609 4778
6610 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI] 4779 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
6611 -1: disable all criti 4780 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
6612 <degrees C>: override 4781 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
6613 4782
>> 4783 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
>> 4784 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
>> 4785 critical and hot trip points.
>> 4786
6614 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI] 4787 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
6615 1: disable ACPI therm 4788 1: disable ACPI thermal control
6616 4789
6617 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI] 4790 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
6618 -1: disable all passi 4791 -1: disable all passive trip points
6619 <degrees C>: override 4792 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
6620 value 4793 value
6621 4794
6622 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI] 4795 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
6623 Specify global defaul 4796 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
6624 <deci-seconds>: poll 4797 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
6625 0: no polling (defaul 4798 0: no polling (default)
6626 4799
6627 threadirqs [KNL,EARLY] !! 4800 threadirqs [KNL]
6628 Force threading of al 4801 Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
6629 marked explicitly IRQ 4802 marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.
6630 4803
6631 topology= [S390,EARLY] !! 4804 topology= [S390]
6632 Format: {off | on} 4805 Format: {off | on}
6633 Specify if the kernel 4806 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
6634 topology information 4807 topology information if the hardware supports this.
6635 The scheduler will ma 4808 The scheduler will make use of this information and
6636 e.g. base its process 4809 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
6637 Default is on. 4810 Default is on.
6638 4811
6639 torture.disable_onoff_at_boot= [KNL] !! 4812 topology_updates= [KNL, PPC, NUMA]
6640 Prevent the CPU-hotpl !! 4813 Format: {off}
6641 until after init has !! 4814 Specify if the kernel should ignore (off)
6642 !! 4815 topology updates sent by the hypervisor to this
6643 torture.ftrace_dump_at_shutdown= [KNL !! 4816 LPAR.
6644 Dump the ftrace buffe <<
6645 even if there were no <<
6646 very costly operation <<
6647 are running concurren <<
6648 with rotating-rust st <<
6649 <<
6650 torture.verbose_sleep_frequency= [KNL <<
6651 Specifies how many ve <<
6652 emitted between each <<
6653 disables verbose-prin <<
6654 4817
6655 torture.verbose_sleep_duration= [KNL] !! 4818 tp720= [HW,PS2]
6656 Duration of each verb <<
6657 4819
6658 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM] 4820 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
6659 Format: integer pcr i 4821 Format: integer pcr id
6660 Specify that at suspe 4822 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
6661 should extend the spe 4823 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
6662 as a workaround for s 4824 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
6663 flush the last writte 4825 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
6664 This will guarantee t 4826 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
6665 are saved. 4827 are saved.
6666 4828
6667 tpm_tis.interrupts= [HW,TPM] <<
6668 Enable interrupts for <<
6669 for the FIFO interfac <<
6670 (0). For more informa <<
6671 defined by Trusted Co <<
6672 https://trustedcomput <<
6673 <<
6674 tp_printk [FTRACE] <<
6675 Have the tracepoints <<
6676 tracing ring buffer. <<
6677 where the system hang <<
6678 option for reading th <<
6679 ftrace_dump_on_oops. <<
6680 <<
6681 To turn off having tr <<
6682 echo 0 > /proc/sys/k <<
6683 Note, echoing 1 into <<
6684 tp_printk kernel cmdl <<
6685 <<
6686 The tp_printk_stop_on <<
6687 to stop the printing <<
6688 late_initcall_sync. <<
6689 <<
6690 ** CAUTION ** <<
6691 <<
6692 Having tracepoints se <<
6693 frequency tracepoints <<
6694 the system to live lo <<
6695 <<
6696 tp_printk_stop_on_boot [FTRACE] <<
6697 When tp_printk (above <<
6698 on the console. It ma <<
6699 printing of events du <<
6700 make the system inope <<
6701 <<
6702 This command line opt <<
6703 to console at the lat <<
6704 <<
6705 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG] 4829 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
6706 [FTRACE] will set tra 4830 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size on each cpu.
6707 4831
6708 trace_clock= [FTRACE] Set the cloc <<
6709 at boot up. <<
6710 local - Use the per C <<
6711 (converted in <<
6712 depending on <<
6713 in sync betwe <<
6714 global - Event time s <<
6715 CPUs. May be <<
6716 but better fo <<
6717 counter - Simple coun <<
6718 note, some co <<
6719 infrastructur <<
6720 once per even <<
6721 uptime - Use jiffies <<
6722 perf - Use the same c <<
6723 mono - Use ktime_get_ <<
6724 mono_raw - Use ktime_ <<
6725 stamps. <<
6726 boot - Use ktime_get_ <<
6727 Architectures may add <<
6728 Documentation/trace/f <<
6729 <<
6730 trace_event=[event-list] 4832 trace_event=[event-list]
6731 [FTRACE] Set and star 4833 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
6732 to facilitate early b 4834 to facilitate early boot debugging. The event-list is a
6733 comma-separated list !! 4835 comma separated list of trace events to enable. See
6734 also Documentation/tr 4836 also Documentation/trace/events.rst
6735 4837
6736 trace_instance=[instance-info] <<
6737 [FTRACE] Create a rin <<
6738 This will be listed i <<
6739 <<
6740 /sys/kernel/t <<
6741 <<
6742 Events can be enabled <<
6743 via: <<
6744 <<
6745 trace_instanc <<
6746 <<
6747 Note, the "<system*>: <<
6748 unique. <<
6749 <<
6750 trace_instanc <<
6751 <<
6752 will enable the "sche <<
6753 the same thing would <<
6754 event, and all events <<
6755 <<
6756 trace_options=[option-list] 4838 trace_options=[option-list]
6757 [FTRACE] Enable or di 4839 [FTRACE] Enable or disable tracer options at boot.
6758 The option-list is a 4840 The option-list is a comma delimited list of options
6759 that can be enabled o 4841 that can be enabled or disabled just as if you were
6760 to echo the option na 4842 to echo the option name into
6761 4843
6762 /sys/kernel/traci !! 4844 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options
6763 4845
6764 For example, to enabl 4846 For example, to enable stacktrace option (to dump the
6765 stack trace of each e 4847 stack trace of each event), add to the command line:
6766 4848
6767 trace_options=s 4849 trace_options=stacktrace
6768 4850
6769 See also Documentatio 4851 See also Documentation/trace/ftrace.rst "trace options"
6770 section. 4852 section.
6771 4853
6772 trace_trigger=[trigger-list] !! 4854 tp_printk[FTRACE]
6773 [FTRACE] Add a event !! 4855 Have the tracepoints sent to printk as well as the
6774 Set a trigger on top !! 4856 tracing ring buffer. This is useful for early boot up
6775 filter. !! 4857 where the system hangs or reboots and does not give the
6776 !! 4858 option for reading the tracing buffer or performing a
6777 The format is is "tra !! 4859 ftrace_dump_on_oops.
6778 Where more than one t <<
6779 <<
6780 For example: <<
6781 <<
6782 trace_trigger="sche <<
6783 4860
6784 The above will enable !! 4861 To turn off having tracepoints sent to printk,
6785 event but only trigge !! 4862 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_printk
6786 event is "2" (TASK_UN !! 4863 Note, echoing 1 into this file without the
>> 4864 tracepoint_printk kernel cmdline option has no effect.
6787 4865
6788 See also "Event trigg !! 4866 ** CAUTION **
6789 4867
>> 4868 Having tracepoints sent to printk() and activating high
>> 4869 frequency tracepoints such as irq or sched, can cause
>> 4870 the system to live lock.
6790 4871
6791 traceoff_on_warning 4872 traceoff_on_warning
6792 [FTRACE] enable this 4873 [FTRACE] enable this option to disable tracing when a
6793 warning is hit. This 4874 warning is hit. This turns off "tracing_on". Tracing can
6794 be enabled again by e 4875 be enabled again by echoing '1' into the "tracing_on"
6795 file located in /sys/ !! 4876 file located in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/
6796 4877
6797 This option is useful 4878 This option is useful, as it disables the trace before
6798 the WARNING dump is c 4879 the WARNING dump is called, which prevents the trace to
6799 be filled with conten 4880 be filled with content caused by the warning output.
6800 4881
6801 This option can also 4882 This option can also be set at run time via the sysctl
6802 option: kernel/trace 4883 option: kernel/traceoff_on_warning
6803 4884
6804 transparent_hugepage= 4885 transparent_hugepage=
6805 [KNL] 4886 [KNL]
6806 Format: [always|madvi 4887 Format: [always|madvise|never]
6807 Can be used to contro 4888 Can be used to control the default behavior of the system
6808 with respect to trans 4889 with respect to transparent hugepages.
6809 See Documentation/adm 4890 See Documentation/admin-guide/mm/transhuge.rst
6810 for more details. 4891 for more details.
6811 4892
6812 trusted.source= [KEYS] <<
6813 Format: <string> <<
6814 This parameter identi <<
6815 for trusted keys impl <<
6816 sources: <<
6817 - "tpm" <<
6818 - "tee" <<
6819 - "caam" <<
6820 - "dcp" <<
6821 If not specified then <<
6822 the trust source list <<
6823 first trust source as <<
6824 successfully during i <<
6825 <<
6826 trusted.rng= [KEYS] <<
6827 Format: <string> <<
6828 The RNG used to gener <<
6829 Can be one of: <<
6830 - "kernel" <<
6831 - the same value as t <<
6832 - "default" <<
6833 If not specified, "de <<
6834 the RNG's choice is l <<
6835 <<
6836 trusted.dcp_use_otp_key <<
6837 This is intended to b <<
6838 trusted.source=dcp an <<
6839 instead of the DCP UN <<
6840 <<
6841 trusted.dcp_skip_zk_test <<
6842 This is intended to b <<
6843 trusted.source=dcp an <<
6844 blob key is all zeros <<
6845 having this key zero' <<
6846 scenarios. <<
6847 <<
6848 tsc= Disable clocksource s 4893 tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
6849 Format: <string> 4894 Format: <string>
6850 [x86] reliable: mark 4895 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
6851 disables clocksource 4896 disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
6852 as the stability chec 4897 as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
6853 high-resolution timer 4898 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
6854 virtualized environme 4899 virtualized environment.
6855 [x86] noirqtime: Do n 4900 [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
6856 Used to run time disa 4901 Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
6857 platforms where RDTSC 4902 platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
6858 can add overhead. 4903 can add overhead.
6859 [x86] unstable: mark 4904 [x86] unstable: mark the TSC clocksource as unstable, this
6860 marks the TSC uncondi 4905 marks the TSC unconditionally unstable at bootup and
6861 avoids any further wo 4906 avoids any further wobbles once the TSC watchdog notices.
6862 [x86] nowatchdog: dis 4907 [x86] nowatchdog: disable clocksource watchdog. Used
6863 in situations with st 4908 in situations with strict latency requirements (where
6864 interruptions from cl 4909 interruptions from clocksource watchdog are not
6865 acceptable). 4910 acceptable).
6866 [x86] recalibrate: fo <<
6867 (HPET or PM timer) on <<
6868 obtained from HW or F <<
6869 Warn if the differenc <<
6870 [x86] watchdog: Use T <<
6871 which to check other <<
6872 only on systems where <<
6873 This will be suppress <<
6874 can be overridden by <<
6875 message will flag any <<
6876 <<
6877 tsc_early_khz= [X86,EARLY] Skip earl <<
6878 value instead. Useful <<
6879 procedure is not reli <<
6880 with CPUID.16h suppor <<
6881 Format: <unsigned int <<
6882 4911
6883 tsx= [X86] Control Transac 4912 tsx= [X86] Control Transactional Synchronization
6884 Extensions (TSX) feat 4913 Extensions (TSX) feature in Intel processors that
6885 support TSX control. 4914 support TSX control.
6886 4915
6887 This parameter contro 4916 This parameter controls the TSX feature. The options are:
6888 4917
6889 on - Enable TSX 4918 on - Enable TSX on the system. Although there are
6890 mitigations f 4919 mitigations for all known security vulnerabilities,
6891 TSX has been 4920 TSX has been known to be an accelerator for
6892 several previ 4921 several previous speculation-related CVEs, and
6893 so there may 4922 so there may be unknown security risks associated
6894 with leaving 4923 with leaving it enabled.
6895 4924
6896 off - Disable TSX 4925 off - Disable TSX on the system. (Note that this
6897 option takes 4926 option takes effect only on newer CPUs which are
6898 not vulnerabl 4927 not vulnerable to MDS, i.e., have
6899 MSR_IA32_ARCH 4928 MSR_IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES.MDS_NO=1 and which get
6900 the new IA32_ 4929 the new IA32_TSX_CTRL MSR through a microcode
6901 update. This 4930 update. This new MSR allows for the reliable
6902 deactivation 4931 deactivation of the TSX functionality.)
6903 4932
6904 auto - Disable TSX 4933 auto - Disable TSX if X86_BUG_TAA is present,
6905 otherwise e 4934 otherwise enable TSX on the system.
6906 4935
6907 Not specifying this o 4936 Not specifying this option is equivalent to tsx=off.
6908 4937
6909 See Documentation/adm 4938 See Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst
6910 for more details. 4939 for more details.
6911 4940
6912 tsx_async_abort= [X86,INTEL,EARLY] Co !! 4941 tsx_async_abort= [X86,INTEL] Control mitigation for the TSX Async
6913 Abort (TAA) vulnerabi 4942 Abort (TAA) vulnerability.
6914 4943
6915 Similar to Micro-arch 4944 Similar to Micro-architectural Data Sampling (MDS)
6916 certain CPUs that sup 4945 certain CPUs that support Transactional
6917 Synchronization Exten 4946 Synchronization Extensions (TSX) are vulnerable to an
6918 exploit against CPU i 4947 exploit against CPU internal buffers which can forward
6919 information to a disc 4948 information to a disclosure gadget under certain
6920 conditions. 4949 conditions.
6921 4950
6922 In vulnerable process 4951 In vulnerable processors, the speculatively forwarded
6923 data can be used in a 4952 data can be used in a cache side channel attack, to
6924 access data to which 4953 access data to which the attacker does not have direct
6925 access. 4954 access.
6926 4955
6927 This parameter contro 4956 This parameter controls the TAA mitigation. The
6928 options are: 4957 options are:
6929 4958
6930 full - Enable T 4959 full - Enable TAA mitigation on vulnerable CPUs
6931 if TSX i 4960 if TSX is enabled.
6932 4961
6933 full,nosmt - Enable T 4962 full,nosmt - Enable TAA mitigation and disable SMT on
6934 vulnerab 4963 vulnerable CPUs. If TSX is disabled, SMT
6935 is not d 4964 is not disabled because CPU is not
6936 vulnerab 4965 vulnerable to cross-thread TAA attacks.
6937 off - Uncondit 4966 off - Unconditionally disable TAA mitigation
6938 4967
6939 On MDS-affected machi 4968 On MDS-affected machines, tsx_async_abort=off can be
6940 prevented by an activ 4969 prevented by an active MDS mitigation as both vulnerabilities
6941 are mitigated with th 4970 are mitigated with the same mechanism so in order to disable
6942 this mitigation, you 4971 this mitigation, you need to specify mds=off too.
6943 4972
6944 Not specifying this o 4973 Not specifying this option is equivalent to
6945 tsx_async_abort=full. 4974 tsx_async_abort=full. On CPUs which are MDS affected
6946 and deploy MDS mitiga 4975 and deploy MDS mitigation, TAA mitigation is not
6947 required and doesn't 4976 required and doesn't provide any additional
6948 mitigation. 4977 mitigation.
6949 4978
6950 For details see: 4979 For details see:
6951 Documentation/admin-g 4980 Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/tsx_async_abort.rst
6952 4981
6953 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY] 4982 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
6954 TurboGraFX parallel p 4983 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
6955 Format: 4984 Format:
6956 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,< 4985 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
6957 See also Documentatio 4986 See also Documentation/input/devices/joystick-parport.rst
6958 4987
6959 udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging 4988 udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
6960 happen after console_ 4989 happen after console_init() and before a proper
6961 console driver takes 4990 console driver takes over, this boot options might
6962 help "seeing" what's 4991 help "seeing" what's going on.
6963 4992
6964 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET] 4993 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
6965 Set number of hash bu 4994 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
6966 4995
6967 uhci-hcd.ignore_oc= 4996 uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
6968 [USB] Ignore overcurr 4997 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
6969 Some badly-designed m 4998 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
6970 bogus events, for por 4999 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
6971 anything. Set this p 5000 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
6972 Note that genuine ove 5001 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
6973 reported either. 5002 reported either.
6974 5003
6975 unknown_nmi_panic 5004 unknown_nmi_panic
6976 [X86] Cause panic on 5005 [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI.
6977 5006
6978 unwind_debug [X86-64,EARLY] <<
6979 Enable unwinder debug <<
6980 useful for debugging <<
6981 conditions, including <<
6982 bad/missing unwinder <<
6983 <<
6984 usbcore.authorized_default= 5007 usbcore.authorized_default=
6985 [USB] Default USB dev 5008 [USB] Default USB device authorization:
6986 (default -1 = authori !! 5009 (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB,
6987 0 = not authorized, 1 5010 0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized, 2 = authorized
6988 if device connected t 5011 if device connected to internal port)
6989 5012
6990 usbcore.autosuspend= 5013 usbcore.autosuspend=
6991 [USB] The autosuspend 5014 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
6992 for newly-detected US 5015 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
6993 is the time required 5016 is the time required before an idle device will be
6994 autosuspended. Devic 5017 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
6995 to a negative value w 5018 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
6996 5019
6997 usbcore.usbfs_snoop= 5020 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
6998 [USB] Set to log all 5021 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
6999 5022
7000 usbcore.usbfs_snoop_max= 5023 usbcore.usbfs_snoop_max=
7001 [USB] Maximum number 5024 [USB] Maximum number of bytes to snoop in each URB
7002 (default = 65536). 5025 (default = 65536).
7003 5026
7004 usbcore.blinkenlights= 5027 usbcore.blinkenlights=
7005 [USB] Set to cycle le 5028 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
7006 5029
7007 usbcore.old_scheme_first= 5030 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
7008 [USB] Start with the 5031 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
7009 scheme (default 0 = o !! 5032 scheme, applies only to low and full-speed devices
>> 5033 (default 0 = off).
7010 5034
7011 usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb= 5035 usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb=
7012 [USB] Memory limit (i 5036 [USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by
7013 usbfs (default = 16, 5037 usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047).
7014 5038
7015 usbcore.use_both_schemes= 5039 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
7016 [USB] Try the other d 5040 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
7017 if the first one fail 5041 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
7018 5042
7019 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout= 5043 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
7020 [USB] Specifies timeo 5044 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
7021 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTO 5045 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
7022 (default 5000 = 5.0 s 5046 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
7023 5047
7024 usbcore.nousb [USB] Disable the USB 5048 usbcore.nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
7025 5049
7026 usbcore.quirks= 5050 usbcore.quirks=
7027 [USB] A list of quirk 5051 [USB] A list of quirk entries to augment the built-in
7028 usb core quirk list. 5052 usb core quirk list. List entries are separated by
7029 commas. Each entry ha 5053 commas. Each entry has the form
7030 VendorID:ProductID:Fl 5054 VendorID:ProductID:Flags. The IDs are 4-digit hex
7031 numbers and Flags is 5055 numbers and Flags is a set of letters. Each letter
7032 will change the built 5056 will change the built-in quirk; setting it if it is
7033 clear and clearing it 5057 clear and clearing it if it is set. The letters have
7034 the following meaning 5058 the following meanings:
7035 a = USB_QUIRK 5059 a = USB_QUIRK_STRING_FETCH_255 (string
7036 descr 5060 descriptors must not be fetched using
7037 a 255 5061 a 255-byte read);
7038 b = USB_QUIRK 5062 b = USB_QUIRK_RESET_RESUME (device can't resume
7039 corre 5063 correctly so reset it instead);
7040 c = USB_QUIRK 5064 c = USB_QUIRK_NO_SET_INTF (device can't handle
7041 Set-I 5065 Set-Interface requests);
7042 d = USB_QUIRK 5066 d = USB_QUIRK_CONFIG_INTF_STRINGS (device can't
7043 handl 5067 handle its Configuration or Interface
7044 strin 5068 strings);
7045 e = USB_QUIRK 5069 e = USB_QUIRK_RESET (device can't be reset
7046 (e.g 5070 (e.g morph devices), don't use reset);
7047 f = USB_QUIRK 5071 f = USB_QUIRK_HONOR_BNUMINTERFACES (device has
7048 more 5072 more interface descriptions than the
7049 bNumI 5073 bNumInterfaces count, and can't handle
7050 talki 5074 talking to these interfaces);
7051 g = USB_QUIRK 5075 g = USB_QUIRK_DELAY_INIT (device needs a pause
7052 durin 5076 during initialization, after we read
7053 the d 5077 the device descriptor);
7054 h = USB_QUIRK 5078 h = USB_QUIRK_LINEAR_UFRAME_INTR_BINTERVAL (For
7055 high 5079 high speed and super speed interrupt
7056 endpo 5080 endpoints, the USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 spec
7057 requi 5081 require the interval in microframes (1
7058 micro 5082 microframe = 125 microseconds) to be
7059 calcu 5083 calculated as interval = 2 ^
7060 (bInt 5084 (bInterval-1).
7061 Devic 5085 Devices with this quirk report their
7062 bInte 5086 bInterval as the result of this
7063 calcu 5087 calculation instead of the exponent
7064 varia 5088 variable used in the calculation);
7065 i = USB_QUIRK 5089 i = USB_QUIRK_DEVICE_QUALIFIER (device can't
7066 handl 5090 handle device_qualifier descriptor
7067 reque 5091 requests);
7068 j = USB_QUIRK 5092 j = USB_QUIRK_IGNORE_REMOTE_WAKEUP (device
7069 gener 5093 generates spurious wakeup, ignore
7070 remot 5094 remote wakeup capability);
7071 k = USB_QUIRK 5095 k = USB_QUIRK_NO_LPM (device can't handle Link
7072 Power 5096 Power Management);
7073 l = USB_QUIRK 5097 l = USB_QUIRK_LINEAR_FRAME_INTR_BINTERVAL
7074 (Devi 5098 (Device reports its bInterval as linear
7075 frame 5099 frames instead of the USB 2.0
7076 calcu 5100 calculation);
7077 m = USB_QUIRK 5101 m = USB_QUIRK_DISCONNECT_SUSPEND (Device needs
7078 to be 5102 to be disconnected before suspend to
7079 preve 5103 prevent spurious wakeup);
7080 n = USB_QUIRK 5104 n = USB_QUIRK_DELAY_CTRL_MSG (Device needs a
7081 pause 5105 pause after every control message);
7082 o = USB_QUIRK 5106 o = USB_QUIRK_HUB_SLOW_RESET (Hub needs extra
7083 delay 5107 delay after resetting its port);
7084 p = USB_QUIRK <<
7085 (Redu <<
7086 reque <<
7087 Example: quirks=0781: 5108 Example: quirks=0781:5580:bk,0a5c:5834:gij
7088 5109
7089 usbhid.mousepoll= 5110 usbhid.mousepoll=
7090 [USBHID] The interval 5111 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
7091 5112
7092 usbhid.jspoll= 5113 usbhid.jspoll=
7093 [USBHID] The interval 5114 [USBHID] The interval which joysticks are to be polled at.
7094 5115
7095 usbhid.kbpoll= 5116 usbhid.kbpoll=
7096 [USBHID] The interval 5117 [USBHID] The interval which keyboards are to be polled at.
7097 5118
7098 usb-storage.delay_use= 5119 usb-storage.delay_use=
7099 [UMS] The delay in se 5120 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
7100 scanned for Logical U 5121 scanned for Logical Units (default 1).
7101 Optionally the delay <<
7102 suffix with "ms". <<
7103 Example: delay_use=25 <<
7104 5122
7105 usb-storage.quirks= 5123 usb-storage.quirks=
7106 [UMS] A list of quirk 5124 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
7107 override the built-in 5125 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
7108 entries are separated 5126 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
7109 the form VID:PID:Flag 5127 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
7110 and Product ID values 5128 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
7111 Flags is a set of cha 5129 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
7112 to a common usb-stora 5130 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
7113 a = SANE_SENS 5131 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
7114 of se 5132 of sense data, not on uas);
7115 b = BAD_SENSE 5133 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
7116 bytes 5134 bytes of sense data, not on uas);
7117 c = FIX_CAPAC 5135 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
7118 devic 5136 device capacity by one sector);
7119 d = NO_READ_D 5137 d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use
7120 READ_ 5138 READ_DISC_INFO command, not on uas);
7121 e = NO_READ_C 5139 e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use
7122 READ_ 5140 READ_CAPACITY_16 command);
7123 f = NO_REPORT 5141 f = NO_REPORT_OPCODES (don't use report opcodes
7124 comma 5142 command, uas only);
7125 g = MAX_SECTO 5143 g = MAX_SECTORS_240 (don't transfer more than
7126 240 s 5144 240 sectors at a time, uas only);
7127 h = CAPACITY_ 5145 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
7128 repor 5146 reported device capacity by one
7129 secto 5147 sector if the number is odd);
7130 i = IGNORE_DE 5148 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
7131 devic 5149 device);
7132 j = NO_REPORT 5150 j = NO_REPORT_LUNS (don't use report luns
7133 comma 5151 command, uas only);
7134 k = NO_SAME ( <<
7135 l = NOT_LOCKA 5152 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
7136 unloc 5153 unlock ejectable media, not on uas);
7137 m = MAX_SECTO 5154 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
7138 than 5155 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time,
7139 not o 5156 not on uas);
7140 n = INITIAL_R 5157 n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the
7141 initi 5158 initial READ(10) command, not on uas);
7142 o = CAPACITY_ 5159 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
7143 repor 5160 reported by the device, not on uas);
7144 p = WRITE_CAC 5161 p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON
7145 by de 5162 by default, not on uas);
7146 r = IGNORE_RE 5163 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
7147 bogus 5164 bogus residue values, not on uas);
7148 s = SINGLE_LU 5165 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
7149 Logic 5166 Logical Unit);
7150 t = NO_ATA_1X 5167 t = NO_ATA_1X (don't allow ATA(12) and ATA(16)
7151 comma 5168 commands, uas only);
7152 u = IGNORE_UA 5169 u = IGNORE_UAS (don't bind to the uas driver);
7153 w = NO_WP_DET 5170 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
7154 mediu 5171 medium is write-protected).
7155 y = ALWAYS_SY 5172 y = ALWAYS_SYNC (issue a SYNCHRONIZE_CACHE
7156 even 5173 even if the device claims no cache,
7157 not o 5174 not on uas)
7158 Example: quirks=0419: 5175 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
7159 5176
7160 user_debug= [KNL,ARM] 5177 user_debug= [KNL,ARM]
7161 Format: <int> 5178 Format: <int>
7162 See arch/arm/Kconfig. 5179 See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text.
7163 1 - undefine 5180 1 - undefined instruction events
7164 2 - system c 5181 2 - system calls
7165 4 - invalid 5182 4 - invalid data aborts
7166 8 - SIGSEGV 5183 8 - SIGSEGV faults
7167 16 - SIGBUS f 5184 16 - SIGBUS faults
7168 Example: user_debug=3 5185 Example: user_debug=31
7169 5186
7170 userpte= 5187 userpte=
7171 [X86,EARLY] Flags con !! 5188 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
7172 5189
7173 nohigh = do n 5190 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
7174 HIGHM 5191 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
7175 of CO 5192 of CONFIG_HIGHPTE.
7176 5193
7177 vdso= [X86,SH,SPARC] !! 5194 vdso= [X86,SH]
7178 On X86_32, this is an 5195 On X86_32, this is an alias for vdso32=. Otherwise:
7179 5196
7180 vdso=1: enable VDSO ( 5197 vdso=1: enable VDSO (the default)
7181 vdso=0: disable VDSO 5198 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
7182 5199
7183 vdso32= [X86] Control the 32- 5200 vdso32= [X86] Control the 32-bit vDSO
7184 vdso32=1: enable 32-b 5201 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO
7185 vdso32=0 or vdso32=2: 5202 vdso32=0 or vdso32=2: disable 32-bit VDSO
7186 5203
7187 See the help text for 5204 See the help text for CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO for more
7188 details. If CONFIG_C 5205 details. If CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO is set, the default is
7189 vdso32=0; otherwise, 5206 vdso32=0; otherwise, the default is vdso32=1.
7190 5207
7191 For compatibility wit 5208 For compatibility with older kernels, vdso32=2 is an
7192 alias for vdso32=0. 5209 alias for vdso32=0.
7193 5210
7194 Try vdso32=0 if you e 5211 Try vdso32=0 if you encounter an error that says:
7195 dl_main: Assertion `( 5212 dl_main: Assertion `(void *) ph->p_vaddr == _rtld_local._dl_sysinfo_dso' failed!
7196 5213
7197 video= [FB,EARLY] Frame buff !! 5214 vector= [IA-64,SMP]
>> 5215 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
>> 5216
>> 5217 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
7198 See Documentation/fb/ 5218 See Documentation/fb/modedb.rst.
7199 5219
7200 video.brightness_switch_enabled= [ACP !! 5220 video.brightness_switch_enabled= [0,1]
7201 Format: [0|1] <<
7202 If set to 1, on recei 5221 If set to 1, on receiving an ACPI notify event
7203 generated by hotkey, 5222 generated by hotkey, video driver will adjust brightness
7204 level and then send o 5223 level and then send out the event to user space through
7205 the allocated input d !! 5224 the allocated input device; If set to 0, video driver
7206 will only send out th 5225 will only send out the event without touching backlight
7207 brightness level. 5226 brightness level.
7208 default: 1 5227 default: 1
7209 5228
7210 virtio_mmio.device= 5229 virtio_mmio.device=
7211 [VMMIO] Memory mapped 5230 [VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device.
7212 5231
7213 <size>@<basead 5232 <size>@<baseaddr>:<irq>[:<id>]
7214 where: 5233 where:
7215 <size> := 5234 <size> := size (can use standard suffixes
7216 5235 like K, M and G)
7217 <baseaddr> := 5236 <baseaddr> := physical base address
7218 <irq> := 5237 <irq> := interrupt number (as passed to
7219 5238 request_irq())
7220 <id> := 5239 <id> := (optional) platform device id
7221 example: 5240 example:
7222 virtio_mmio.d 5241 virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7
7223 5242
7224 Can be used multiple 5243 Can be used multiple times for multiple devices.
7225 5244
7226 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select 5245 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
7227 See Documentation/arc !! 5246 See Documentation/x86/boot.rst and
7228 Documentation/admin-g 5247 Documentation/admin-guide/svga.rst.
7229 Use vga=ask for menu. 5248 Use vga=ask for menu.
7230 This is actually a bo 5249 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
7231 passed to the kernel 5250 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
7232 5251
7233 vm_debug[=options] [KNL] Availab 5252 vm_debug[=options] [KNL] Available with CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y.
7234 May slow down system 5253 May slow down system boot speed, especially when
7235 enabled on systems wi 5254 enabled on systems with a large amount of memory.
7236 All options are enabl 5255 All options are enabled by default, and this
7237 interface is meant to 5256 interface is meant to allow for selectively
7238 enabling or disabling 5257 enabling or disabling specific virtual memory
7239 debugging features. 5258 debugging features.
7240 5259
7241 Available options are 5260 Available options are:
7242 P Enable page s 5261 P Enable page structure init time poisoning
7243 - Disable all o 5262 - Disable all of the above options
7244 5263
7245 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,EARLY] Forc !! 5264 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
7246 exact size of <nn>. T !! 5265 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
7247 the minimum size (128 !! 5266 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
7248 It can also be used t !! 5267 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
7249 for directly mapped k !! 5268 mapped kernel RAM.
7250 not exist on many oth <<
7251 loongarch, arc, csky, <<
7252 parisc, m64k, powerpc <<
7253 5269
7254 vmcp_cma=nn[MG] [KNL,S390,EARLY] !! 5270 vmcp_cma=nn[MG] [KNL,S390]
7255 Sets the memory size 5271 Sets the memory size reserved for contiguous memory
7256 allocations for the v 5272 allocations for the vmcp device driver.
7257 5273
7258 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/ 5274 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
7259 Format: <command> 5275 Format: <command>
7260 5276
7261 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/ 5277 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
7262 Format: <command> 5278 Format: <command>
7263 5279
7264 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/ 5280 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
7265 Format: <command> 5281 Format: <command>
7266 5282
7267 vsyscall= [X86-64,EARLY] !! 5283 vsyscall= [X86-64]
7268 Controls the behavior 5284 Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to
7269 fixed addresses of 0x 5285 fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy
7270 code). Most statical 5286 code). Most statically-linked binaries and older
7271 versions of glibc use 5287 versions of glibc use these calls. Because these
7272 functions are at fixe 5288 functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice
7273 targets for exploits 5289 targets for exploits that can control RIP.
7274 5290
7275 emulate Vsyscalls !! 5291 emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are
7276 reasonabl !! 5292 emulated reasonably safely. The vsyscall
7277 readable. !! 5293 page is readable.
7278 5294
7279 xonly [default] !! 5295 xonly Vsyscalls turn into traps and are
7280 emulated 5296 emulated reasonably safely. The vsyscall
7281 page is n 5297 page is not readable.
7282 5298
7283 none Vsyscalls 5299 none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes
7284 them quit 5300 them quite hard to use for exploits but
7285 might bre 5301 might break your system.
7286 5302
7287 vt.color= [VT] Default text col 5303 vt.color= [VT] Default text color.
7288 Format: 0xYX, X = for 5304 Format: 0xYX, X = foreground, Y = background.
7289 Default: 0x07 = light 5305 Default: 0x07 = light gray on black.
7290 5306
7291 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor s 5307 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
7292 Format: 0xCCBBAA, whe 5308 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
7293 the parameters of the 5309 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
7294 see VGA-softcursor.tx 5310 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
7295 5311
7296 vt.default_blu= [VT] 5312 vt.default_blu= [VT]
7297 Format: <blue0>,<blue 5313 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
7298 Change the default bl 5314 Change the default blue palette of the console.
7299 This is a 16-member a 5315 This is a 16-member array composed of values
7300 ranging from 0-255. 5316 ranging from 0-255.
7301 5317
7302 vt.default_grn= [VT] 5318 vt.default_grn= [VT]
7303 Format: <green0>,<gre 5319 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
7304 Change the default gr 5320 Change the default green palette of the console.
7305 This is a 16-member a 5321 This is a 16-member array composed of values
7306 ranging from 0-255. 5322 ranging from 0-255.
7307 5323
7308 vt.default_red= [VT] 5324 vt.default_red= [VT]
7309 Format: <red0>,<red1> 5325 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
7310 Change the default re 5326 Change the default red palette of the console.
7311 This is a 16-member a 5327 This is a 16-member array composed of values
7312 ranging from 0-255. 5328 ranging from 0-255.
7313 5329
7314 vt.default_utf8= 5330 vt.default_utf8=
7315 [VT] 5331 [VT]
7316 Format=<0|1> 5332 Format=<0|1>
7317 Set system-wide defau 5333 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
7318 Default is 1, i.e. UT 5334 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
7319 newly opened terminal 5335 newly opened terminals.
7320 5336
7321 vt.global_cursor_default= 5337 vt.global_cursor_default=
7322 [VT] 5338 [VT]
7323 Format=<-1|0|1> 5339 Format=<-1|0|1>
7324 Set system-wide defau 5340 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
7325 is shown on new VTs. 5341 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
7326 i.e. cursors will be 5342 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
7327 overridden by individ 5343 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
7328 cursors, 1 will displ 5344 cursors, 1 will display them.
7329 5345
7330 vt.italic= [VT] Default color fo 5346 vt.italic= [VT] Default color for italic text; 0-15.
7331 Default: 2 = green. 5347 Default: 2 = green.
7332 5348
7333 vt.underline= [VT] Default color fo 5349 vt.underline= [VT] Default color for underlined text; 0-15.
7334 Default: 3 = cyan. 5350 Default: 3 = cyan.
7335 5351
7336 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For informat 5352 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
7337 see Documentation/wat 5353 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.rst
7338 or other driver-speci 5354 or other driver-specific files in the
7339 Documentation/watchdo 5355 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
7340 5356
7341 watchdog_thresh= 5357 watchdog_thresh=
7342 [KNL] 5358 [KNL]
7343 Set the hard lockup d 5359 Set the hard lockup detector stall duration
7344 threshold in seconds. 5360 threshold in seconds. The soft lockup detector
7345 threshold is set to t 5361 threshold is set to twice the value. A value of 0
7346 disables both lockup 5362 disables both lockup detectors. Default is 10
7347 seconds. 5363 seconds.
7348 5364
7349 workqueue.unbound_cpus= <<
7350 [KNL,SMP] Specify to <<
7351 to use in unbound wor <<
7352 Format: <cpu-list> <<
7353 By default, all onlin <<
7354 unbound workqueues. <<
7355 <<
7356 workqueue.watchdog_thresh= 5365 workqueue.watchdog_thresh=
7357 If CONFIG_WQ_WATCHDOG 5366 If CONFIG_WQ_WATCHDOG is configured, workqueue can
7358 warn stall conditions 5367 warn stall conditions and dump internal state to
7359 help debugging. 0 di 5368 help debugging. 0 disables workqueue stall
7360 detection; otherwise, 5369 detection; otherwise, it's the stall threshold
7361 duration in seconds. 5370 duration in seconds. The default value is 30 and
7362 it can be updated at 5371 it can be updated at runtime by writing to the
7363 corresponding sysfs f 5372 corresponding sysfs file.
7364 5373
7365 workqueue.cpu_intensive_thresh_us= !! 5374 workqueue.disable_numa
7366 Per-cpu work items wh !! 5375 By default, all work items queued to unbound
7367 threshold are automat !! 5376 workqueues are affine to the NUMA nodes they're
7368 and excluded from con !! 5377 issued on, which results in better behavior in
7369 them from noticeably !! 5378 general. If NUMA affinity needs to be disabled for
7370 items. Default is 100 !! 5379 whatever reason, this option can be used. Note
7371 !! 5380 that this also can be controlled per-workqueue for
7372 If CONFIG_WQ_CPU_INTE !! 5381 workqueues visible under /sys/bus/workqueue/.
7373 will report the work <<
7374 threshold repeatedly. <<
7375 candidates for using <<
7376 <<
7377 workqueue.cpu_intensive_warning_thres <<
7378 If CONFIG_WQ_CPU_INTE <<
7379 will report the work <<
7380 intensive_threshold_u <<
7381 spurious warnings, st <<
7382 function has violated <<
7383 <<
7384 The default is 4 time <<
7385 5382
7386 workqueue.power_efficient 5383 workqueue.power_efficient
7387 Per-cpu workqueues ar 5384 Per-cpu workqueues are generally preferred because
7388 they show better perf 5385 they show better performance thanks to cache
7389 locality; unfortunate 5386 locality; unfortunately, per-cpu workqueues tend to
7390 be more power hungry 5387 be more power hungry than unbound workqueues.
7391 5388
7392 Enabling this makes t 5389 Enabling this makes the per-cpu workqueues which
7393 were observed to cont 5390 were observed to contribute significantly to power
7394 consumption unbound, 5391 consumption unbound, leading to measurably lower
7395 power usage at the co 5392 power usage at the cost of small performance
7396 overhead. 5393 overhead.
7397 5394
7398 The default value of 5395 The default value of this parameter is determined by
7399 the config option CON 5396 the config option CONFIG_WQ_POWER_EFFICIENT_DEFAULT.
7400 5397
7401 workqueue.default_affinity_scope= <<
7402 Select the default af <<
7403 workqueues. Can be on <<
7404 "numa" and "system". <<
7405 information, see the <<
7406 Documentation/core-ap <<
7407 <<
7408 This can be changed a <<
7409 matching /sys/module/ <<
7410 workqueues with the " <<
7411 updated accordingly. <<
7412 <<
7413 workqueue.debug_force_rr_cpu 5398 workqueue.debug_force_rr_cpu
7414 Workqueue used to imp 5399 Workqueue used to implicitly guarantee that work
7415 items queued without 5400 items queued without explicit CPU specified are put
7416 on the local CPU. Th 5401 on the local CPU. This guarantee is no longer true
7417 and while local CPU i 5402 and while local CPU is still preferred work items
7418 may be put on foreign 5403 may be put on foreign CPUs. This debug option
7419 forces round-robin CP 5404 forces round-robin CPU selection to flush out
7420 usages which depend o 5405 usages which depend on the now broken guarantee.
7421 When enabled, memory 5406 When enabled, memory and cache locality will be
7422 impacted. 5407 impacted.
7423 5408
7424 writecombine= [LOONGARCH,EARLY] Con !! 5409 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
7425 Type) of ioremap_wc() <<
7426 <<
7427 on - Enable writeco <<
7428 off - Disable writec <<
7429 <<
7430 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC,EARLY] U <<
7431 default x2apic cluste 5410 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
7432 supporting x2apic. 5411 supporting x2apic.
7433 5412
>> 5413 x86_intel_mid_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
>> 5414 Choose timer option for x86 Intel MID platform.
>> 5415 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
>> 5416 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
>> 5417 x86_intel_mid_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
>> 5418
7434 xen_512gb_limit [KNL,X86-64,X 5419 xen_512gb_limit [KNL,X86-64,XEN]
7435 Restricts the kernel 5420 Restricts the kernel running paravirtualized under Xen
7436 to use only up to 512 5421 to use only up to 512 GB of RAM. The reason to do so is
7437 crash analysis tools 5422 crash analysis tools and Xen tools for doing domain
7438 save/restore/migratio 5423 save/restore/migration must be enabled to handle larger
7439 domains. 5424 domains.
7440 5425
7441 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X !! 5426 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
7442 Unplug Xen emulated d 5427 Unplug Xen emulated devices
7443 Format: [unplug0,][un 5428 Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
7444 ide-disks -- unplug p 5429 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
7445 aux-ide-disks -- unpl 5430 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
7446 nics -- unplug networ 5431 nics -- unplug network devices
7447 all -- unplug all emu 5432 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
7448 unnecessary -- unplug 5433 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
7449 unnecessary e 5434 unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
7450 the unplug pr 5435 the unplug protocol
7451 never -- do not unplu 5436 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
7452 5437
7453 xen_legacy_crash [X86,XEN,EARL !! 5438 xen_legacy_crash [X86,XEN]
7454 Crash from Xen panic 5439 Crash from Xen panic notifier, without executing late
7455 panic() code such as 5440 panic() code such as dumping handler.
7456 5441
7457 xen_mc_debug [X86,XEN,EARLY] !! 5442 xen_nopvspin [X86,XEN]
7458 Enable multicall debu !! 5443 Disables the ticketlock slowpath using Xen PV
7459 Enabling this feature !! 5444 optimizations.
7460 bit, so it should onl <<
7461 debug data in case of <<
7462 <<
7463 xen_msr_safe= [X86,XEN,EARLY] <<
7464 Format: <bool> <<
7465 Select whether to alw <<
7466 access functions when <<
7467 default value is cont <<
7468 5445
7469 xen_nopv [X86] 5446 xen_nopv [X86]
7470 Disables the PV optim 5447 Disables the PV optimizations forcing the HVM guest to
7471 run as generic HVM gu 5448 run as generic HVM guest with no PV drivers.
7472 This option is obsole 5449 This option is obsoleted by the "nopv" option, which
7473 has equivalent effect 5450 has equivalent effect for XEN platform.
7474 5451
7475 xen_no_vector_callback <<
7476 [KNL,X86,XEN,EARLY] D <<
7477 event channel interru <<
7478 <<
7479 xen_scrub_pages= [XEN] 5452 xen_scrub_pages= [XEN]
7480 Boolean option to con 5453 Boolean option to control scrubbing pages before giving them back
7481 to Xen, for use by ot 5454 to Xen, for use by other domains. Can be also changed at runtime
7482 with /sys/devices/sys 5455 with /sys/devices/system/xen_memory/xen_memory0/scrub_pages.
7483 Default value control 5456 Default value controlled with CONFIG_XEN_SCRUB_PAGES_DEFAULT.
7484 5457
7485 xen_timer_slop= [X86-64,XEN,EARLY] !! 5458 xen_timer_slop= [X86-64,XEN]
7486 Set the timer slop (i 5459 Set the timer slop (in nanoseconds) for the virtual Xen
7487 timers (default is 10 5460 timers (default is 100000). This adjusts the minimum
7488 delta of virtualized 5461 delta of virtualized Xen timers, where lower values
7489 improve timer resolut 5462 improve timer resolution at the expense of processing
7490 more timer interrupts 5463 more timer interrupts.
7491 5464
7492 xen.balloon_boot_timeout= [XEN] !! 5465 nopv= [X86,XEN,KVM,HYPER_V,VMWARE]
7493 The time (in seconds) !! 5466 Disables the PV optimizations forcing the guest to run
7494 in case initial ballo !! 5467 as generic guest with no PV drivers. Currently support
7495 Applies only when run !! 5468 XEN HVM, KVM, HYPER_V and VMWARE guest.
7496 started with less mem <<
7497 max. Default is 180. <<
7498 <<
7499 xen.event_eoi_delay= [XEN] <<
7500 How long to delay EOI <<
7501 storms (jiffies). Def <<
7502 <<
7503 xen.event_loop_timeout= [XEN] <<
7504 After which time (jif <<
7505 should start to delay <<
7506 <<
7507 xen.fifo_events= [XEN] <<
7508 Boolean parameter to <<
7509 even if available. No <<
7510 preferred over the 2- <<
7511 fairer and the number <<
7512 much higher. Default <<
7513 5469
7514 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA] 5470 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
7515 Format: 5471 Format:
7516 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io> 5472 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
7517 5473
7518 xive= [PPC] 5474 xive= [PPC]
7519 By default on POWER9 5475 By default on POWER9 and above, the kernel will
7520 natively use the XIVE 5476 natively use the XIVE interrupt controller. This option
7521 allows the fallback f 5477 allows the fallback firmware mode to be used:
7522 5478
7523 off Fallback to 5479 off Fallback to firmware control of XIVE interrupt
7524 controller 5480 controller on both pseries and powernv
7525 platforms. 5481 platforms. Only useful on POWER9 and above.
7526 5482
7527 xive.store-eoi=off [PPC] <<
7528 By default on POWER10 <<
7529 stores for EOI handli <<
7530 is active. This optio <<
7531 loads instead, as on <<
7532 <<
7533 xhci-hcd.quirks [USB,KNL] 5483 xhci-hcd.quirks [USB,KNL]
7534 A hex value specifyin 5484 A hex value specifying bitmask with supplemental xhci
7535 host controller quirk 5485 host controller quirks. Meaning of each bit can be
7536 consulted in header d 5486 consulted in header drivers/usb/host/xhci.h.
7537 5487
7538 xmon [PPC,EARLY] !! 5488 xmon [PPC]
7539 Format: { early | on 5489 Format: { early | on | rw | ro | off }
7540 Controls if xmon debu 5490 Controls if xmon debugger is enabled. Default is off.
7541 Passing only "xmon" i 5491 Passing only "xmon" is equivalent to "xmon=early".
7542 early Call xmon as 5492 early Call xmon as early as possible on boot; xmon
7543 debugger is c 5493 debugger is called from setup_arch().
7544 on xmon debugger 5494 on xmon debugger hooks will be installed so xmon
7545 is only calle 5495 is only called on a kernel crash. Default mode,
7546 i.e. either " 5496 i.e. either "ro" or "rw" mode, is controlled
7547 with CONFIG_X 5497 with CONFIG_XMON_DEFAULT_RO_MODE.
7548 rw xmon debugger 5498 rw xmon debugger hooks will be installed so xmon
7549 is called onl 5499 is called only on a kernel crash, mode is write,
7550 meaning SPR r 5500 meaning SPR registers, memory and, other data
7551 can be writte 5501 can be written using xmon commands.
7552 ro same as "rw" 5502 ro same as "rw" option above but SPR registers,
7553 memory, and o 5503 memory, and other data can't be written using
7554 xmon commands 5504 xmon commands.
7555 off xmon is disab 5505 off xmon is disabled.
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