1 =================================== 1 ===================================
2 Documentation for /proc/sys/kernel/ 2 Documentation for /proc/sys/kernel/
3 =================================== 3 ===================================
4 4
5 .. See scripts/check-sysctl-docs to keep this 5 .. See scripts/check-sysctl-docs to keep this up to date
6 6
7 7
8 Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, Rik van Riel <riel@n 8 Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, Rik van Riel <riel@nl.linux.org>
9 9
10 Copyright (c) 2009, Shen Feng<shen@cn.fu 10 Copyright (c) 2009, Shen Feng<shen@cn.fujitsu.com>
11 11
12 For general info and legal blurb, please look 12 For general info and legal blurb, please look in
13 Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst. 13 Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/index.rst.
14 14
15 ---------------------------------------------- 15 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 16
17 This file contains documentation for the sysct 17 This file contains documentation for the sysctl files in
18 ``/proc/sys/kernel/``. 18 ``/proc/sys/kernel/``.
19 19
20 The files in this directory can be used to tun 20 The files in this directory can be used to tune and monitor
21 miscellaneous and general things in the operat 21 miscellaneous and general things in the operation of the Linux
22 kernel. Since some of the files *can* be used 22 kernel. Since some of the files *can* be used to screw up your
23 system, it is advisable to read both documenta 23 system, it is advisable to read both documentation and source
24 before actually making adjustments. 24 before actually making adjustments.
25 25
26 Currently, these files might (depending on you 26 Currently, these files might (depending on your configuration)
27 show up in ``/proc/sys/kernel``: 27 show up in ``/proc/sys/kernel``:
28 28
29 .. contents:: :local: 29 .. contents:: :local:
30 30
31 31
32 acct 32 acct
33 ==== 33 ====
34 34
35 :: 35 ::
36 36
37 highwater lowwater frequency 37 highwater lowwater frequency
38 38
39 If BSD-style process accounting is enabled the 39 If BSD-style process accounting is enabled these values control
40 its behaviour. If free space on filesystem whe 40 its behaviour. If free space on filesystem where the log lives
41 goes below ``lowwater``\ % accounting suspends 41 goes below ``lowwater``\ % accounting suspends. If free space gets
42 above ``highwater``\ % accounting resumes. ``f 42 above ``highwater``\ % accounting resumes. ``frequency`` determines
43 how often do we check the amount of free space 43 how often do we check the amount of free space (value is in
44 seconds). Default: 44 seconds). Default:
45 45
46 :: 46 ::
47 47
48 4 2 30 48 4 2 30
49 49
50 That is, suspend accounting if free space drop 50 That is, suspend accounting if free space drops below 2%; resume it
51 if it increases to at least 4%; consider infor 51 if it increases to at least 4%; consider information about amount of
52 free space valid for 30 seconds. 52 free space valid for 30 seconds.
53 53
54 54
55 acpi_video_flags 55 acpi_video_flags
56 ================ 56 ================
57 57
58 See Documentation/power/video.rst. This allows 58 See Documentation/power/video.rst. This allows the video resume mode to be set,
59 in a similar fashion to the ``acpi_sleep`` ker 59 in a similar fashion to the ``acpi_sleep`` kernel parameter, by
60 combining the following values: 60 combining the following values:
61 61
62 = ======= 62 = =======
63 1 s3_bios 63 1 s3_bios
64 2 s3_mode 64 2 s3_mode
65 4 s3_beep 65 4 s3_beep
66 = ======= 66 = =======
67 67
68 arch 68 arch
69 ==== 69 ====
70 70
71 The machine hardware name, the same output as 71 The machine hardware name, the same output as ``uname -m``
72 (e.g. ``x86_64`` or ``aarch64``). 72 (e.g. ``x86_64`` or ``aarch64``).
73 73
74 auto_msgmni 74 auto_msgmni
75 =========== 75 ===========
76 76
77 This variable has no effect and may be removed 77 This variable has no effect and may be removed in future kernel
78 releases. Reading it always returns 0. 78 releases. Reading it always returns 0.
79 Up to Linux 3.17, it enabled/disabled automati 79 Up to Linux 3.17, it enabled/disabled automatic recomputing of
80 `msgmni`_ 80 `msgmni`_
81 upon memory add/remove or upon IPC namespace c 81 upon memory add/remove or upon IPC namespace creation/removal.
82 Echoing "1" into this file enabled msgmni auto 82 Echoing "1" into this file enabled msgmni automatic recomputing.
83 Echoing "0" turned it off. The default value w 83 Echoing "0" turned it off. The default value was 1.
84 84
85 85
86 bootloader_type (x86 only) 86 bootloader_type (x86 only)
87 ========================== 87 ==========================
88 88
89 This gives the bootloader type number as indic 89 This gives the bootloader type number as indicated by the bootloader,
90 shifted left by 4, and OR'd with the low four 90 shifted left by 4, and OR'd with the low four bits of the bootloader
91 version. The reason for this encoding is that 91 version. The reason for this encoding is that this used to match the
92 ``type_of_loader`` field in the kernel header; 92 ``type_of_loader`` field in the kernel header; the encoding is kept for
93 backwards compatibility. That is, if the full 93 backwards compatibility. That is, if the full bootloader type number
94 is 0x15 and the full version number is 0x234, 94 is 0x15 and the full version number is 0x234, this file will contain
95 the value 340 = 0x154. 95 the value 340 = 0x154.
96 96
97 See the ``type_of_loader`` and ``ext_loader_ty 97 See the ``type_of_loader`` and ``ext_loader_type`` fields in
98 Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst for additional 98 Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst for additional information.
99 99
100 100
101 bootloader_version (x86 only) 101 bootloader_version (x86 only)
102 ============================= 102 =============================
103 103
104 The complete bootloader version number. In th 104 The complete bootloader version number. In the example above, this
105 file will contain the value 564 = 0x234. 105 file will contain the value 564 = 0x234.
106 106
107 See the ``type_of_loader`` and ``ext_loader_ve 107 See the ``type_of_loader`` and ``ext_loader_ver`` fields in
108 Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst for additional 108 Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst for additional information.
109 109
110 110
111 bpf_stats_enabled 111 bpf_stats_enabled
112 ================= 112 =================
113 113
114 Controls whether the kernel should collect sta 114 Controls whether the kernel should collect statistics on BPF programs
115 (total time spent running, number of times run 115 (total time spent running, number of times run...). Enabling
116 statistics causes a slight reduction in perfor 116 statistics causes a slight reduction in performance on each program
117 run. The statistics can be seen using ``bpftoo 117 run. The statistics can be seen using ``bpftool``.
118 118
119 = =================================== 119 = ===================================
120 0 Don't collect statistics (default). 120 0 Don't collect statistics (default).
121 1 Collect statistics. 121 1 Collect statistics.
122 = =================================== 122 = ===================================
123 123
124 124
125 cad_pid 125 cad_pid
126 ======= 126 =======
127 127
128 This is the pid which will be signalled on reb 128 This is the pid which will be signalled on reboot (notably, by
129 Ctrl-Alt-Delete). Writing a value to this file 129 Ctrl-Alt-Delete). Writing a value to this file which doesn't
130 correspond to a running process will result in 130 correspond to a running process will result in ``-ESRCH``.
131 131
132 See also `ctrl-alt-del`_. 132 See also `ctrl-alt-del`_.
133 133
134 134
135 cap_last_cap 135 cap_last_cap
136 ============ 136 ============
137 137
138 Highest valid capability of the running kernel 138 Highest valid capability of the running kernel. Exports
139 ``CAP_LAST_CAP`` from the kernel. 139 ``CAP_LAST_CAP`` from the kernel.
140 140
141 141
142 .. _core_pattern: 142 .. _core_pattern:
143 143
144 core_pattern 144 core_pattern
145 ============ 145 ============
146 146
147 ``core_pattern`` is used to specify a core dum 147 ``core_pattern`` is used to specify a core dumpfile pattern name.
148 148
149 * max length 127 characters; default value is 149 * max length 127 characters; default value is "core"
150 * ``core_pattern`` is used as a pattern templa 150 * ``core_pattern`` is used as a pattern template for the output
151 filename; certain string patterns (beginning 151 filename; certain string patterns (beginning with '%') are
152 substituted with their actual values. 152 substituted with their actual values.
153 * backward compatibility with ``core_uses_pid` 153 * backward compatibility with ``core_uses_pid``:
154 154
155 If ``core_pattern`` does not include " 155 If ``core_pattern`` does not include "%p" (default does not)
156 and ``core_uses_pid`` is set, then .PI 156 and ``core_uses_pid`` is set, then .PID will be appended to
157 the filename. 157 the filename.
158 158
159 * corename format specifiers 159 * corename format specifiers
160 160
161 ======== ====================== 161 ======== ==========================================
162 %<NUL> '%' is dropped 162 %<NUL> '%' is dropped
163 %% output one '%' 163 %% output one '%'
164 %p pid 164 %p pid
165 %P global pid (init PID n 165 %P global pid (init PID namespace)
166 %i tid 166 %i tid
167 %I global tid (init PID n 167 %I global tid (init PID namespace)
168 %u uid (in initial user n 168 %u uid (in initial user namespace)
169 %g gid (in initial user n 169 %g gid (in initial user namespace)
170 %d dump mode, matches ``P 170 %d dump mode, matches ``PR_SET_DUMPABLE`` and
171 ``/proc/sys/fs/suid_du 171 ``/proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable``
172 %s signal number 172 %s signal number
173 %t UNIX time of dump 173 %t UNIX time of dump
174 %h hostname 174 %h hostname
175 %e executable filename (m 175 %e executable filename (may be shortened, could be changed by prctl etc)
176 %f executable filename 176 %f executable filename
177 %E executable path 177 %E executable path
178 %c maximum size of core f 178 %c maximum size of core file by resource limit RLIMIT_CORE
179 %C CPU the task ran on 179 %C CPU the task ran on
180 %<OTHER> both are dropped 180 %<OTHER> both are dropped
181 ======== ====================== 181 ======== ==========================================
182 182
183 * If the first character of the pattern is a ' 183 * If the first character of the pattern is a '|', the kernel will treat
184 the rest of the pattern as a command to run. 184 the rest of the pattern as a command to run. The core dump will be
185 written to the standard input of that progra 185 written to the standard input of that program instead of to a file.
186 186
187 187
188 core_pipe_limit 188 core_pipe_limit
189 =============== 189 ===============
190 190
191 This sysctl is only applicable when `core_patt 191 This sysctl is only applicable when `core_pattern`_ is configured to
192 pipe core files to a user space helper (when t 192 pipe core files to a user space helper (when the first character of
193 ``core_pattern`` is a '|', see above). 193 ``core_pattern`` is a '|', see above).
194 When collecting cores via a pipe to an applica 194 When collecting cores via a pipe to an application, it is occasionally
195 useful for the collecting application to gathe 195 useful for the collecting application to gather data about the
196 crashing process from its ``/proc/pid`` direct 196 crashing process from its ``/proc/pid`` directory.
197 In order to do this safely, the kernel must wa 197 In order to do this safely, the kernel must wait for the collecting
198 process to exit, so as not to remove the crash 198 process to exit, so as not to remove the crashing processes proc files
199 prematurely. 199 prematurely.
200 This in turn creates the possibility that a mi 200 This in turn creates the possibility that a misbehaving userspace
201 collecting process can block the reaping of a 201 collecting process can block the reaping of a crashed process simply
202 by never exiting. 202 by never exiting.
203 This sysctl defends against that. 203 This sysctl defends against that.
204 It defines how many concurrent crashing proces 204 It defines how many concurrent crashing processes may be piped to user
205 space applications in parallel. 205 space applications in parallel.
206 If this value is exceeded, then those crashing 206 If this value is exceeded, then those crashing processes above that
207 value are noted via the kernel log and their c 207 value are noted via the kernel log and their cores are skipped.
208 0 is a special value, indicating that unlimite 208 0 is a special value, indicating that unlimited processes may be
209 captured in parallel, but that no waiting will 209 captured in parallel, but that no waiting will take place (i.e. the
210 collecting process is not guaranteed access to 210 collecting process is not guaranteed access to ``/proc/<crashing
211 pid>/``). 211 pid>/``).
212 This value defaults to 0. 212 This value defaults to 0.
213 213
214 214
215 core_uses_pid 215 core_uses_pid
216 ============= 216 =============
217 217
218 The default coredump filename is "core". By s 218 The default coredump filename is "core". By setting
219 ``core_uses_pid`` to 1, the coredump filename 219 ``core_uses_pid`` to 1, the coredump filename becomes core.PID.
220 If `core_pattern`_ does not include "%p" (defa 220 If `core_pattern`_ does not include "%p" (default does not)
221 and ``core_uses_pid`` is set, then .PID will b 221 and ``core_uses_pid`` is set, then .PID will be appended to
222 the filename. 222 the filename.
223 223
224 224
225 ctrl-alt-del 225 ctrl-alt-del
226 ============ 226 ============
227 227
228 When the value in this file is 0, ctrl-alt-del 228 When the value in this file is 0, ctrl-alt-del is trapped and
229 sent to the ``init(1)`` program to handle a gr 229 sent to the ``init(1)`` program to handle a graceful restart.
230 When, however, the value is > 0, Linux's react 230 When, however, the value is > 0, Linux's reaction to a Vulcan
231 Nerve Pinch (tm) will be an immediate reboot, 231 Nerve Pinch (tm) will be an immediate reboot, without even
232 syncing its dirty buffers. 232 syncing its dirty buffers.
233 233
234 Note: 234 Note:
235 when a program (like dosemu) has the keyboar 235 when a program (like dosemu) has the keyboard in 'raw'
236 mode, the ctrl-alt-del is intercepted by the 236 mode, the ctrl-alt-del is intercepted by the program before it
237 ever reaches the kernel tty layer, and it's 237 ever reaches the kernel tty layer, and it's up to the program
238 to decide what to do with it. 238 to decide what to do with it.
239 239
240 240
241 dmesg_restrict 241 dmesg_restrict
242 ============== 242 ==============
243 243
244 This toggle indicates whether unprivileged use 244 This toggle indicates whether unprivileged users are prevented
245 from using ``dmesg(8)`` to view messages from 245 from using ``dmesg(8)`` to view messages from the kernel's log
246 buffer. 246 buffer.
247 When ``dmesg_restrict`` is set to 0 there are 247 When ``dmesg_restrict`` is set to 0 there are no restrictions.
248 When ``dmesg_restrict`` is set to 1, users mus 248 When ``dmesg_restrict`` is set to 1, users must have
249 ``CAP_SYSLOG`` to use ``dmesg(8)``. 249 ``CAP_SYSLOG`` to use ``dmesg(8)``.
250 250
251 The kernel config option ``CONFIG_SECURITY_DME 251 The kernel config option ``CONFIG_SECURITY_DMESG_RESTRICT`` sets the
252 default value of ``dmesg_restrict``. 252 default value of ``dmesg_restrict``.
253 253
254 254
255 domainname & hostname 255 domainname & hostname
256 ===================== 256 =====================
257 257
258 These files can be used to set the NIS/YP doma 258 These files can be used to set the NIS/YP domainname and the
259 hostname of your box in exactly the same way a 259 hostname of your box in exactly the same way as the commands
260 domainname and hostname, i.e.:: 260 domainname and hostname, i.e.::
261 261
262 # echo "darkstar" > /proc/sys/kernel/h 262 # echo "darkstar" > /proc/sys/kernel/hostname
263 # echo "mydomain" > /proc/sys/kernel/d 263 # echo "mydomain" > /proc/sys/kernel/domainname
264 264
265 has the same effect as:: 265 has the same effect as::
266 266
267 # hostname "darkstar" 267 # hostname "darkstar"
268 # domainname "mydomain" 268 # domainname "mydomain"
269 269
270 Note, however, that the classic darkstar.frop. 270 Note, however, that the classic darkstar.frop.org has the
271 hostname "darkstar" and DNS (Internet Domain N 271 hostname "darkstar" and DNS (Internet Domain Name Server)
272 domainname "frop.org", not to be confused with 272 domainname "frop.org", not to be confused with the NIS (Network
273 Information Service) or YP (Yellow Pages) doma 273 Information Service) or YP (Yellow Pages) domainname. These two
274 domain names are in general different. For a d 274 domain names are in general different. For a detailed discussion
275 see the ``hostname(1)`` man page. 275 see the ``hostname(1)`` man page.
276 276
277 277
278 firmware_config 278 firmware_config
279 =============== 279 ===============
280 280
281 See Documentation/driver-api/firmware/fallback 281 See Documentation/driver-api/firmware/fallback-mechanisms.rst.
282 282
283 The entries in this directory allow the firmwa 283 The entries in this directory allow the firmware loader helper
284 fallback to be controlled: 284 fallback to be controlled:
285 285
286 * ``force_sysfs_fallback``, when set to 1, for 286 * ``force_sysfs_fallback``, when set to 1, forces the use of the
287 fallback; 287 fallback;
288 * ``ignore_sysfs_fallback``, when set to 1, ig 288 * ``ignore_sysfs_fallback``, when set to 1, ignores any fallback.
289 289
290 290
291 ftrace_dump_on_oops 291 ftrace_dump_on_oops
292 =================== 292 ===================
293 293
294 Determines whether ``ftrace_dump()`` should be 294 Determines whether ``ftrace_dump()`` should be called on an oops (or
295 kernel panic). This will output the contents o 295 kernel panic). This will output the contents of the ftrace buffers to
296 the console. This is very useful for capturin 296 the console. This is very useful for capturing traces that lead to
297 crashes and outputting them to a serial consol 297 crashes and outputting them to a serial console.
298 298
299 ======================= ====================== !! 299 = ===================================================
300 0 Disabled (default). !! 300 0 Disabled (default).
301 1 Dump buffers of all CP !! 301 1 Dump buffers of all CPUs.
302 2(orig_cpu) Dump the buffer of the !! 302 2 Dump the buffer of the CPU that triggered the oops.
303 oops. !! 303 = ===================================================
304 <instance> Dump the specific inst <<
305 <instance>=2(orig_cpu) Dump the specific inst <<
306 that triggered the oop <<
307 ======================= ====================== <<
308 <<
309 Multiple instance dump is also supported, and <<
310 by commas. If global buffer also needs to be d <<
311 the dump mode (1/2/orig_cpu) first for global <<
312 <<
313 So for example to dump "foo" and "bar" instanc <<
314 user can:: <<
315 <<
316 echo "foo,bar" > /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace_dum <<
317 <<
318 To dump global buffer and "foo" instance buffe <<
319 CPUs along with the "bar" instance buffer on C <<
320 oops, user can:: <<
321 304
322 echo "1,foo,bar=2" > /proc/sys/kernel/ftrace <<
323 305
324 ftrace_enabled, stack_tracer_enabled 306 ftrace_enabled, stack_tracer_enabled
325 ==================================== 307 ====================================
326 308
327 See Documentation/trace/ftrace.rst. 309 See Documentation/trace/ftrace.rst.
328 310
329 311
330 hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace 312 hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace
331 ============================ 313 ============================
332 314
333 This value controls the hard lockup detector b 315 This value controls the hard lockup detector behavior when a hard
334 lockup condition is detected as to whether or 316 lockup condition is detected as to whether or not to gather further
335 debug information. If enabled, arch-specific a 317 debug information. If enabled, arch-specific all-CPU stack dumping
336 will be initiated. 318 will be initiated.
337 319
338 = ============================================ 320 = ============================================
339 0 Do nothing. This is the default behavior. 321 0 Do nothing. This is the default behavior.
340 1 On detection capture more debug information. 322 1 On detection capture more debug information.
341 = ============================================ 323 = ============================================
342 324
343 325
344 hardlockup_panic 326 hardlockup_panic
345 ================ 327 ================
346 328
347 This parameter can be used to control whether 329 This parameter can be used to control whether the kernel panics
348 when a hard lockup is detected. 330 when a hard lockup is detected.
349 331
350 = =========================== 332 = ===========================
351 0 Don't panic on hard lockup. 333 0 Don't panic on hard lockup.
352 1 Panic on hard lockup. 334 1 Panic on hard lockup.
353 = =========================== 335 = ===========================
354 336
355 See Documentation/admin-guide/lockup-watchdogs 337 See Documentation/admin-guide/lockup-watchdogs.rst for more information.
356 This can also be set using the nmi_watchdog ke 338 This can also be set using the nmi_watchdog kernel parameter.
357 339
358 340
359 hotplug 341 hotplug
360 ======= 342 =======
361 343
362 Path for the hotplug policy agent. 344 Path for the hotplug policy agent.
363 Default value is ``CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH`` 345 Default value is ``CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH``, which in turn defaults
364 to the empty string. 346 to the empty string.
365 347
366 This file only exists when ``CONFIG_UEVENT_HEL 348 This file only exists when ``CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER`` is enabled. Most
367 modern systems rely exclusively on the netlink 349 modern systems rely exclusively on the netlink-based uevent source and
368 don't need this. 350 don't need this.
369 351
370 352
371 hung_task_all_cpu_backtrace 353 hung_task_all_cpu_backtrace
372 =========================== 354 ===========================
373 355
374 If this option is set, the kernel will send an 356 If this option is set, the kernel will send an NMI to all CPUs to dump
375 their backtraces when a hung task is detected. 357 their backtraces when a hung task is detected. This file shows up if
376 CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK and CONFIG_SMP are ena 358 CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK and CONFIG_SMP are enabled.
377 359
378 0: Won't show all CPUs backtraces when a hung 360 0: Won't show all CPUs backtraces when a hung task is detected.
379 This is the default behavior. 361 This is the default behavior.
380 362
381 1: Will non-maskably interrupt all CPUs and du 363 1: Will non-maskably interrupt all CPUs and dump their backtraces when
382 a hung task is detected. 364 a hung task is detected.
383 365
384 366
385 hung_task_panic 367 hung_task_panic
386 =============== 368 ===============
387 369
388 Controls the kernel's behavior when a hung tas 370 Controls the kernel's behavior when a hung task is detected.
389 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TAS 371 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK`` is enabled.
390 372
391 = ============================================ 373 = =================================================
392 0 Continue operation. This is the default beha 374 0 Continue operation. This is the default behavior.
393 1 Panic immediately. 375 1 Panic immediately.
394 = ============================================ 376 = =================================================
395 377
396 378
397 hung_task_check_count 379 hung_task_check_count
398 ===================== 380 =====================
399 381
400 The upper bound on the number of tasks that ar 382 The upper bound on the number of tasks that are checked.
401 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TAS 383 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK`` is enabled.
402 384
403 385
404 hung_task_timeout_secs 386 hung_task_timeout_secs
405 ====================== 387 ======================
406 388
407 When a task in D state did not get scheduled 389 When a task in D state did not get scheduled
408 for more than this value report a warning. 390 for more than this value report a warning.
409 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TAS 391 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK`` is enabled.
410 392
411 0 means infinite timeout, no checking is done. 393 0 means infinite timeout, no checking is done.
412 394
413 Possible values to set are in range {0:``LONG_ 395 Possible values to set are in range {0:``LONG_MAX``/``HZ``}.
414 396
415 397
416 hung_task_check_interval_secs 398 hung_task_check_interval_secs
417 ============================= 399 =============================
418 400
419 Hung task check interval. If hung task checkin 401 Hung task check interval. If hung task checking is enabled
420 (see `hung_task_timeout_secs`_), the check is 402 (see `hung_task_timeout_secs`_), the check is done every
421 ``hung_task_check_interval_secs`` seconds. 403 ``hung_task_check_interval_secs`` seconds.
422 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TAS 404 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK`` is enabled.
423 405
424 0 (default) means use ``hung_task_timeout_secs 406 0 (default) means use ``hung_task_timeout_secs`` as checking
425 interval. 407 interval.
426 408
427 Possible values to set are in range {0:``LONG_ 409 Possible values to set are in range {0:``LONG_MAX``/``HZ``}.
428 410
429 411
430 hung_task_warnings 412 hung_task_warnings
431 ================== 413 ==================
432 414
433 The maximum number of warnings to report. Duri 415 The maximum number of warnings to report. During a check interval
434 if a hung task is detected, this value is decr 416 if a hung task is detected, this value is decreased by 1.
435 When this value reaches 0, no more warnings wi 417 When this value reaches 0, no more warnings will be reported.
436 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TAS 418 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK`` is enabled.
437 419
438 -1: report an infinite number of warnings. 420 -1: report an infinite number of warnings.
439 421
440 422
441 hyperv_record_panic_msg 423 hyperv_record_panic_msg
442 ======================= 424 =======================
443 425
444 Controls whether the panic kmsg data should be 426 Controls whether the panic kmsg data should be reported to Hyper-V.
445 427
446 = ============================================ 428 = =========================================================
447 0 Do not report panic kmsg data. 429 0 Do not report panic kmsg data.
448 1 Report the panic kmsg data. This is the defa 430 1 Report the panic kmsg data. This is the default behavior.
449 = ============================================ 431 = =========================================================
450 432
451 433
452 ignore-unaligned-usertrap 434 ignore-unaligned-usertrap
453 ========================= 435 =========================
454 436
455 On architectures where unaligned accesses caus 437 On architectures where unaligned accesses cause traps, and where this
456 feature is supported (``CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNA 438 feature is supported (``CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_NO_WARN``;
457 currently, ``arc``, ``parisc`` and ``loongarch !! 439 currently, ``arc`` and ``loongarch``), controls whether all
458 unaligned traps are logged. 440 unaligned traps are logged.
459 441
460 = ============================================ 442 = =============================================================
461 0 Log all unaligned accesses. 443 0 Log all unaligned accesses.
462 1 Only warn the first time a process traps. Th 444 1 Only warn the first time a process traps. This is the default
463 setting. 445 setting.
464 = ============================================ 446 = =============================================================
465 447
466 See also `unaligned-trap`_. 448 See also `unaligned-trap`_.
467 449
468 io_uring_disabled 450 io_uring_disabled
469 ================= 451 =================
470 452
471 Prevents all processes from creating new io_ur 453 Prevents all processes from creating new io_uring instances. Enabling this
472 shrinks the kernel's attack surface. 454 shrinks the kernel's attack surface.
473 455
474 = ============================================ 456 = ======================================================================
475 0 All processes can create io_uring instances 457 0 All processes can create io_uring instances as normal. This is the
476 default setting. 458 default setting.
477 1 io_uring creation is disabled (io_uring_setu 459 1 io_uring creation is disabled (io_uring_setup() will fail with
478 -EPERM) for unprivileged processes not in th 460 -EPERM) for unprivileged processes not in the io_uring_group group.
479 Existing io_uring instances can still be use 461 Existing io_uring instances can still be used. See the
480 documentation for io_uring_group for more in 462 documentation for io_uring_group for more information.
481 2 io_uring creation is disabled for all proces 463 2 io_uring creation is disabled for all processes. io_uring_setup()
482 always fails with -EPERM. Existing io_uring 464 always fails with -EPERM. Existing io_uring instances can still be
483 used. 465 used.
484 = ============================================ 466 = ======================================================================
485 467
486 468
487 io_uring_group 469 io_uring_group
488 ============== 470 ==============
489 471
490 When io_uring_disabled is set to 1, a process 472 When io_uring_disabled is set to 1, a process must either be
491 privileged (CAP_SYS_ADMIN) or be in the io_uri 473 privileged (CAP_SYS_ADMIN) or be in the io_uring_group group in order
492 to create an io_uring instance. If io_uring_g 474 to create an io_uring instance. If io_uring_group is set to -1 (the
493 default), only processes with the CAP_SYS_ADMI 475 default), only processes with the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability may create
494 io_uring instances. 476 io_uring instances.
495 477
496 478
497 kexec_load_disabled 479 kexec_load_disabled
498 =================== 480 ===================
499 481
500 A toggle indicating if the syscalls ``kexec_lo 482 A toggle indicating if the syscalls ``kexec_load`` and
501 ``kexec_file_load`` have been disabled. 483 ``kexec_file_load`` have been disabled.
502 This value defaults to 0 (false: ``kexec_*load 484 This value defaults to 0 (false: ``kexec_*load`` enabled), but can be
503 set to 1 (true: ``kexec_*load`` disabled). 485 set to 1 (true: ``kexec_*load`` disabled).
504 Once true, kexec can no longer be used, and th 486 Once true, kexec can no longer be used, and the toggle cannot be set
505 back to false. 487 back to false.
506 This allows a kexec image to be loaded before 488 This allows a kexec image to be loaded before disabling the syscall,
507 allowing a system to set up (and later use) an 489 allowing a system to set up (and later use) an image without it being
508 altered. 490 altered.
509 Generally used together with the `modules_disa 491 Generally used together with the `modules_disabled`_ sysctl.
510 492
511 kexec_load_limit_panic 493 kexec_load_limit_panic
512 ====================== 494 ======================
513 495
514 This parameter specifies a limit to the number 496 This parameter specifies a limit to the number of times the syscalls
515 ``kexec_load`` and ``kexec_file_load`` can be 497 ``kexec_load`` and ``kexec_file_load`` can be called with a crash
516 image. It can only be set with a more restrict 498 image. It can only be set with a more restrictive value than the
517 current one. 499 current one.
518 500
519 == =========================================== 501 == ======================================================
520 -1 Unlimited calls to kexec. This is the defau 502 -1 Unlimited calls to kexec. This is the default setting.
521 N Number of calls left. 503 N Number of calls left.
522 == =========================================== 504 == ======================================================
523 505
524 kexec_load_limit_reboot 506 kexec_load_limit_reboot
525 ======================= 507 =======================
526 508
527 Similar functionality as ``kexec_load_limit_pa 509 Similar functionality as ``kexec_load_limit_panic``, but for a normal
528 image. 510 image.
529 511
530 kptr_restrict 512 kptr_restrict
531 ============= 513 =============
532 514
533 This toggle indicates whether restrictions are 515 This toggle indicates whether restrictions are placed on
534 exposing kernel addresses via ``/proc`` and ot 516 exposing kernel addresses via ``/proc`` and other interfaces.
535 517
536 When ``kptr_restrict`` is set to 0 (the defaul 518 When ``kptr_restrict`` is set to 0 (the default) the address is hashed
537 before printing. 519 before printing.
538 (This is the equivalent to %p.) 520 (This is the equivalent to %p.)
539 521
540 When ``kptr_restrict`` is set to 1, kernel poi 522 When ``kptr_restrict`` is set to 1, kernel pointers printed using the
541 %pK format specifier will be replaced with 0s 523 %pK format specifier will be replaced with 0s unless the user has
542 ``CAP_SYSLOG`` and effective user and group id 524 ``CAP_SYSLOG`` and effective user and group ids are equal to the real
543 ids. 525 ids.
544 This is because %pK checks are done at read() 526 This is because %pK checks are done at read() time rather than open()
545 time, so if permissions are elevated between t 527 time, so if permissions are elevated between the open() and the read()
546 (e.g via a setuid binary) then %pK will not le 528 (e.g via a setuid binary) then %pK will not leak kernel pointers to
547 unprivileged users. 529 unprivileged users.
548 Note, this is a temporary solution only. 530 Note, this is a temporary solution only.
549 The correct long-term solution is to do the pe 531 The correct long-term solution is to do the permission checks at
550 open() time. 532 open() time.
551 Consider removing world read permissions from 533 Consider removing world read permissions from files that use %pK, and
552 using `dmesg_restrict`_ to protect against use 534 using `dmesg_restrict`_ to protect against uses of %pK in ``dmesg(8)``
553 if leaking kernel pointer values to unprivileg 535 if leaking kernel pointer values to unprivileged users is a concern.
554 536
555 When ``kptr_restrict`` is set to 2, kernel poi 537 When ``kptr_restrict`` is set to 2, kernel pointers printed using
556 %pK will be replaced with 0s regardless of pri 538 %pK will be replaced with 0s regardless of privileges.
557 539
558 540
559 modprobe 541 modprobe
560 ======== 542 ========
561 543
562 The full path to the usermode helper for autol 544 The full path to the usermode helper for autoloading kernel modules,
563 by default ``CONFIG_MODPROBE_PATH``, which in 545 by default ``CONFIG_MODPROBE_PATH``, which in turn defaults to
564 "/sbin/modprobe". This binary is executed whe 546 "/sbin/modprobe". This binary is executed when the kernel requests a
565 module. For example, if userspace passes an u 547 module. For example, if userspace passes an unknown filesystem type
566 to mount(), then the kernel will automatically 548 to mount(), then the kernel will automatically request the
567 corresponding filesystem module by executing t 549 corresponding filesystem module by executing this usermode helper.
568 This usermode helper should insert the needed 550 This usermode helper should insert the needed module into the kernel.
569 551
570 This sysctl only affects module autoloading. 552 This sysctl only affects module autoloading. It has no effect on the
571 ability to explicitly insert modules. 553 ability to explicitly insert modules.
572 554
573 This sysctl can be used to debug module loadin 555 This sysctl can be used to debug module loading requests::
574 556
575 echo '#! /bin/sh' > /tmp/modprobe 557 echo '#! /bin/sh' > /tmp/modprobe
576 echo 'echo "$@" >> /tmp/modprobe.log' >> / 558 echo 'echo "$@" >> /tmp/modprobe.log' >> /tmp/modprobe
577 echo 'exec /sbin/modprobe "$@"' >> /tmp/mo 559 echo 'exec /sbin/modprobe "$@"' >> /tmp/modprobe
578 chmod a+x /tmp/modprobe 560 chmod a+x /tmp/modprobe
579 echo /tmp/modprobe > /proc/sys/kernel/modp 561 echo /tmp/modprobe > /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe
580 562
581 Alternatively, if this sysctl is set to the em 563 Alternatively, if this sysctl is set to the empty string, then module
582 autoloading is completely disabled. The kerne 564 autoloading is completely disabled. The kernel will not try to
583 execute a usermode helper at all, nor will it 565 execute a usermode helper at all, nor will it call the
584 kernel_module_request LSM hook. 566 kernel_module_request LSM hook.
585 567
586 If CONFIG_STATIC_USERMODEHELPER=y is set in th 568 If CONFIG_STATIC_USERMODEHELPER=y is set in the kernel configuration,
587 then the configured static usermode helper ove 569 then the configured static usermode helper overrides this sysctl,
588 except that the empty string is still accepted 570 except that the empty string is still accepted to completely disable
589 module autoloading as described above. 571 module autoloading as described above.
590 572
591 modules_disabled 573 modules_disabled
592 ================ 574 ================
593 575
594 A toggle value indicating if modules are allow 576 A toggle value indicating if modules are allowed to be loaded
595 in an otherwise modular kernel. This toggle d 577 in an otherwise modular kernel. This toggle defaults to off
596 (0), but can be set true (1). Once true, modu 578 (0), but can be set true (1). Once true, modules can be
597 neither loaded nor unloaded, and the toggle ca 579 neither loaded nor unloaded, and the toggle cannot be set back
598 to false. Generally used with the `kexec_load 580 to false. Generally used with the `kexec_load_disabled`_ toggle.
599 581
600 582
601 .. _msgmni: 583 .. _msgmni:
602 584
603 msgmax, msgmnb, and msgmni 585 msgmax, msgmnb, and msgmni
604 ========================== 586 ==========================
605 587
606 ``msgmax`` is the maximum size of an IPC messa 588 ``msgmax`` is the maximum size of an IPC message, in bytes. 8192 by
607 default (``MSGMAX``). 589 default (``MSGMAX``).
608 590
609 ``msgmnb`` is the maximum size of an IPC queue 591 ``msgmnb`` is the maximum size of an IPC queue, in bytes. 16384 by
610 default (``MSGMNB``). 592 default (``MSGMNB``).
611 593
612 ``msgmni`` is the maximum number of IPC queues 594 ``msgmni`` is the maximum number of IPC queues. 32000 by default
613 (``MSGMNI``). 595 (``MSGMNI``).
614 596
615 All of these parameters are set per ipc namesp <<
616 in POSIX message queues is limited by ``RLIMIT <<
617 respected hierarchically in the each user name <<
618 597
619 msg_next_id, sem_next_id, and shm_next_id (Sys 598 msg_next_id, sem_next_id, and shm_next_id (System V IPC)
620 ============================================== 599 ========================================================
621 600
622 These three toggles allows to specify desired 601 These three toggles allows to specify desired id for next allocated IPC
623 object: message, semaphore or shared memory re 602 object: message, semaphore or shared memory respectively.
624 603
625 By default they are equal to -1, which means g 604 By default they are equal to -1, which means generic allocation logic.
626 Possible values to set are in range {0:``INT_M 605 Possible values to set are in range {0:``INT_MAX``}.
627 606
628 Notes: 607 Notes:
629 1) kernel doesn't guarantee, that new object 608 1) kernel doesn't guarantee, that new object will have desired id. So,
630 it's up to userspace, how to handle an ob 609 it's up to userspace, how to handle an object with "wrong" id.
631 2) Toggle with non-default value will be set 610 2) Toggle with non-default value will be set back to -1 by kernel after
632 successful IPC object allocation. If an I 611 successful IPC object allocation. If an IPC object allocation syscall
633 fails, it is undefined if the value remai 612 fails, it is undefined if the value remains unmodified or is reset to -1.
634 613
635 614
636 ngroups_max 615 ngroups_max
637 =========== 616 ===========
638 617
639 Maximum number of supplementary groups, _i.e._ 618 Maximum number of supplementary groups, _i.e._ the maximum size which
640 ``setgroups`` will accept. Exports ``NGROUPS_M 619 ``setgroups`` will accept. Exports ``NGROUPS_MAX`` from the kernel.
641 620
642 621
643 622
644 nmi_watchdog 623 nmi_watchdog
645 ============ 624 ============
646 625
647 This parameter can be used to control the NMI 626 This parameter can be used to control the NMI watchdog
648 (i.e. the hard lockup detector) on x86 systems 627 (i.e. the hard lockup detector) on x86 systems.
649 628
650 = ================================= 629 = =================================
651 0 Disable the hard lockup detector. 630 0 Disable the hard lockup detector.
652 1 Enable the hard lockup detector. 631 1 Enable the hard lockup detector.
653 = ================================= 632 = =================================
654 633
655 The hard lockup detector monitors each CPU for 634 The hard lockup detector monitors each CPU for its ability to respond to
656 timer interrupts. The mechanism utilizes CPU p 635 timer interrupts. The mechanism utilizes CPU performance counter registers
657 that are programmed to generate Non-Maskable I 636 that are programmed to generate Non-Maskable Interrupts (NMIs) periodically
658 while a CPU is busy. Hence, the alternative na 637 while a CPU is busy. Hence, the alternative name 'NMI watchdog'.
659 638
660 The NMI watchdog is disabled by default if the 639 The NMI watchdog is disabled by default if the kernel is running as a guest
661 in a KVM virtual machine. This default can be 640 in a KVM virtual machine. This default can be overridden by adding::
662 641
663 nmi_watchdog=1 642 nmi_watchdog=1
664 643
665 to the guest kernel command line (see 644 to the guest kernel command line (see
666 Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rs 645 Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst).
667 646
668 647
669 nmi_wd_lpm_factor (PPC only) 648 nmi_wd_lpm_factor (PPC only)
670 ============================ 649 ============================
671 650
672 Factor to apply to the NMI watchdog timeout (o 651 Factor to apply to the NMI watchdog timeout (only when ``nmi_watchdog`` is
673 set to 1). This factor represents the percenta 652 set to 1). This factor represents the percentage added to
674 ``watchdog_thresh`` when calculating the NMI w 653 ``watchdog_thresh`` when calculating the NMI watchdog timeout during an
675 LPM. The soft lockup timeout is not impacted. 654 LPM. The soft lockup timeout is not impacted.
676 655
677 A value of 0 means no change. The default valu 656 A value of 0 means no change. The default value is 200 meaning the NMI
678 watchdog is set to 30s (based on ``watchdog_th 657 watchdog is set to 30s (based on ``watchdog_thresh`` equal to 10).
679 658
680 659
681 numa_balancing 660 numa_balancing
682 ============== 661 ==============
683 662
684 Enables/disables and configures automatic page 663 Enables/disables and configures automatic page fault based NUMA memory
685 balancing. Memory is moved automatically to n 664 balancing. Memory is moved automatically to nodes that access it often.
686 The value to set can be the result of ORing th 665 The value to set can be the result of ORing the following:
687 666
688 = ================================= 667 = =================================
689 0 NUMA_BALANCING_DISABLED 668 0 NUMA_BALANCING_DISABLED
690 1 NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL 669 1 NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL
691 2 NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING 670 2 NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING
692 = ================================= 671 = =================================
693 672
694 Or NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL to optimize page plac 673 Or NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL to optimize page placement among different
695 NUMA nodes to reduce remote accessing. On NUM 674 NUMA nodes to reduce remote accessing. On NUMA machines, there is a
696 performance penalty if remote memory is access 675 performance penalty if remote memory is accessed by a CPU. When this
697 feature is enabled the kernel samples what tas 676 feature is enabled the kernel samples what task thread is accessing
698 memory by periodically unmapping pages and lat 677 memory by periodically unmapping pages and later trapping a page
699 fault. At the time of the page fault, it is de 678 fault. At the time of the page fault, it is determined if the data
700 being accessed should be migrated to a local m 679 being accessed should be migrated to a local memory node.
701 680
702 The unmapping of pages and trapping faults inc 681 The unmapping of pages and trapping faults incur additional overhead that
703 ideally is offset by improved memory locality 682 ideally is offset by improved memory locality but there is no universal
704 guarantee. If the target workload is already b 683 guarantee. If the target workload is already bound to NUMA nodes then this
705 feature should be disabled. 684 feature should be disabled.
706 685
707 Or NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING to optimize p 686 Or NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING to optimize page placement among
708 different types of memory (represented as diff 687 different types of memory (represented as different NUMA nodes) to
709 place the hot pages in the fast memory. This 688 place the hot pages in the fast memory. This is implemented based on
710 unmapping and page fault too. 689 unmapping and page fault too.
711 690
712 numa_balancing_promote_rate_limit_MBps 691 numa_balancing_promote_rate_limit_MBps
713 ====================================== 692 ======================================
714 693
715 Too high promotion/demotion throughput between 694 Too high promotion/demotion throughput between different memory types
716 may hurt application latency. This can be use 695 may hurt application latency. This can be used to rate limit the
717 promotion throughput. The per-node max promot 696 promotion throughput. The per-node max promotion throughput in MB/s
718 will be limited to be no more than the set val 697 will be limited to be no more than the set value.
719 698
720 A rule of thumb is to set this to less than 1/ 699 A rule of thumb is to set this to less than 1/10 of the PMEM node
721 write bandwidth. 700 write bandwidth.
722 701
723 oops_all_cpu_backtrace 702 oops_all_cpu_backtrace
724 ====================== 703 ======================
725 704
726 If this option is set, the kernel will send an 705 If this option is set, the kernel will send an NMI to all CPUs to dump
727 their backtraces when an oops event occurs. It 706 their backtraces when an oops event occurs. It should be used as a last
728 resort in case a panic cannot be triggered (to 707 resort in case a panic cannot be triggered (to protect VMs running, for
729 example) or kdump can't be collected. This fil 708 example) or kdump can't be collected. This file shows up if CONFIG_SMP
730 is enabled. 709 is enabled.
731 710
732 0: Won't show all CPUs backtraces when an oops 711 0: Won't show all CPUs backtraces when an oops is detected.
733 This is the default behavior. 712 This is the default behavior.
734 713
735 1: Will non-maskably interrupt all CPUs and du 714 1: Will non-maskably interrupt all CPUs and dump their backtraces when
736 an oops event is detected. 715 an oops event is detected.
737 716
738 717
739 oops_limit 718 oops_limit
740 ========== 719 ==========
741 720
742 Number of kernel oopses after which the kernel 721 Number of kernel oopses after which the kernel should panic when
743 ``panic_on_oops`` is not set. Setting this to 722 ``panic_on_oops`` is not set. Setting this to 0 disables checking
744 the count. Setting this to 1 has the same eff 723 the count. Setting this to 1 has the same effect as setting
745 ``panic_on_oops=1``. The default value is 1000 724 ``panic_on_oops=1``. The default value is 10000.
746 725
747 726
748 osrelease, ostype & version 727 osrelease, ostype & version
749 =========================== 728 ===========================
750 729
751 :: 730 ::
752 731
753 # cat osrelease 732 # cat osrelease
754 2.1.88 733 2.1.88
755 # cat ostype 734 # cat ostype
756 Linux 735 Linux
757 # cat version 736 # cat version
758 #5 Wed Feb 25 21:49:24 MET 1998 737 #5 Wed Feb 25 21:49:24 MET 1998
759 738
760 The files ``osrelease`` and ``ostype`` should 739 The files ``osrelease`` and ``ostype`` should be clear enough.
761 ``version`` 740 ``version``
762 needs a little more clarification however. The 741 needs a little more clarification however. The '#5' means that
763 this is the fifth kernel built from this sourc 742 this is the fifth kernel built from this source base and the
764 date behind it indicates the time the kernel w 743 date behind it indicates the time the kernel was built.
765 The only way to tune these values is to rebuil 744 The only way to tune these values is to rebuild the kernel :-)
766 745
767 746
768 overflowgid & overflowuid 747 overflowgid & overflowuid
769 ========================= 748 =========================
770 749
771 if your architecture did not always support 32 750 if your architecture did not always support 32-bit UIDs (i.e. arm,
772 i386, m68k, sh, and sparc32), a fixed UID and 751 i386, m68k, sh, and sparc32), a fixed UID and GID will be returned to
773 applications that use the old 16-bit UID/GID s 752 applications that use the old 16-bit UID/GID system calls, if the
774 actual UID or GID would exceed 65535. 753 actual UID or GID would exceed 65535.
775 754
776 These sysctls allow you to change the value of 755 These sysctls allow you to change the value of the fixed UID and GID.
777 The default is 65534. 756 The default is 65534.
778 757
779 758
780 panic 759 panic
781 ===== 760 =====
782 761
783 The value in this file determines the behaviou 762 The value in this file determines the behaviour of the kernel on a
784 panic: 763 panic:
785 764
786 * if zero, the kernel will loop forever; 765 * if zero, the kernel will loop forever;
787 * if negative, the kernel will reboot immediat 766 * if negative, the kernel will reboot immediately;
788 * if positive, the kernel will reboot after th 767 * if positive, the kernel will reboot after the corresponding number
789 of seconds. 768 of seconds.
790 769
791 When you use the software watchdog, the recomm 770 When you use the software watchdog, the recommended setting is 60.
792 771
793 772
794 panic_on_io_nmi 773 panic_on_io_nmi
795 =============== 774 ===============
796 775
797 Controls the kernel's behavior when a CPU rece 776 Controls the kernel's behavior when a CPU receives an NMI caused by
798 an IO error. 777 an IO error.
799 778
800 = ============================================ 779 = ==================================================================
801 0 Try to continue operation (default). 780 0 Try to continue operation (default).
802 1 Panic immediately. The IO error triggered an 781 1 Panic immediately. The IO error triggered an NMI. This indicates a
803 serious system condition which could result 782 serious system condition which could result in IO data corruption.
804 Rather than continuing, panicking might be a 783 Rather than continuing, panicking might be a better choice. Some
805 servers issue this sort of NMI when the dump 784 servers issue this sort of NMI when the dump button is pushed,
806 and you can use this option to take a crash 785 and you can use this option to take a crash dump.
807 = ============================================ 786 = ==================================================================
808 787
809 788
810 panic_on_oops 789 panic_on_oops
811 ============= 790 =============
812 791
813 Controls the kernel's behaviour when an oops o 792 Controls the kernel's behaviour when an oops or BUG is encountered.
814 793
815 = ============================================ 794 = ===================================================================
816 0 Try to continue operation. 795 0 Try to continue operation.
817 1 Panic immediately. If the `panic` sysctl is 796 1 Panic immediately. If the `panic` sysctl is also non-zero then the
818 machine will be rebooted. 797 machine will be rebooted.
819 = ============================================ 798 = ===================================================================
820 799
821 800
822 panic_on_stackoverflow 801 panic_on_stackoverflow
823 ====================== 802 ======================
824 803
825 Controls the kernel's behavior when detecting 804 Controls the kernel's behavior when detecting the overflows of
826 kernel, IRQ and exception stacks except a user 805 kernel, IRQ and exception stacks except a user stack.
827 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DEBUG_STACKOVER 806 This file shows up if ``CONFIG_DEBUG_STACKOVERFLOW`` is enabled.
828 807
829 = ========================== 808 = ==========================
830 0 Try to continue operation. 809 0 Try to continue operation.
831 1 Panic immediately. 810 1 Panic immediately.
832 = ========================== 811 = ==========================
833 812
834 813
835 panic_on_unrecovered_nmi 814 panic_on_unrecovered_nmi
836 ======================== 815 ========================
837 816
838 The default Linux behaviour on an NMI of eithe 817 The default Linux behaviour on an NMI of either memory or unknown is
839 to continue operation. For many environments s 818 to continue operation. For many environments such as scientific
840 computing it is preferable that the box is tak 819 computing it is preferable that the box is taken out and the error
841 dealt with than an uncorrected parity/ECC erro 820 dealt with than an uncorrected parity/ECC error get propagated.
842 821
843 A small number of systems do generate NMIs for 822 A small number of systems do generate NMIs for bizarre random reasons
844 such as power management so the default is off 823 such as power management so the default is off. That sysctl works like
845 the existing panic controls already in that di 824 the existing panic controls already in that directory.
846 825
847 826
848 panic_on_warn 827 panic_on_warn
849 ============= 828 =============
850 829
851 Calls panic() in the WARN() path when set to 1 830 Calls panic() in the WARN() path when set to 1. This is useful to avoid
852 a kernel rebuild when attempting to kdump at t 831 a kernel rebuild when attempting to kdump at the location of a WARN().
853 832
854 = ============================================ 833 = ================================================
855 0 Only WARN(), default behaviour. 834 0 Only WARN(), default behaviour.
856 1 Call panic() after printing out WARN() locat 835 1 Call panic() after printing out WARN() location.
857 = ============================================ 836 = ================================================
858 837
859 838
860 panic_print 839 panic_print
861 =========== 840 ===========
862 841
863 Bitmask for printing system info when panic ha 842 Bitmask for printing system info when panic happens. User can chose
864 combination of the following bits: 843 combination of the following bits:
865 844
866 ===== ======================================= 845 ===== ============================================
867 bit 0 print all tasks info 846 bit 0 print all tasks info
868 bit 1 print system memory info 847 bit 1 print system memory info
869 bit 2 print timer info 848 bit 2 print timer info
870 bit 3 print locks info if ``CONFIG_LOCKDEP`` 849 bit 3 print locks info if ``CONFIG_LOCKDEP`` is on
871 bit 4 print ftrace buffer 850 bit 4 print ftrace buffer
872 bit 5 print all printk messages in buffer 851 bit 5 print all printk messages in buffer
873 bit 6 print all CPUs backtrace (if available 852 bit 6 print all CPUs backtrace (if available in the arch)
874 bit 7 print only tasks in uninterruptible (bl <<
875 ===== ======================================= 853 ===== ============================================
876 854
877 So for example to print tasks and memory info 855 So for example to print tasks and memory info on panic, user can::
878 856
879 echo 3 > /proc/sys/kernel/panic_print 857 echo 3 > /proc/sys/kernel/panic_print
880 858
881 859
882 panic_on_rcu_stall 860 panic_on_rcu_stall
883 ================== 861 ==================
884 862
885 When set to 1, calls panic() after RCU stall d 863 When set to 1, calls panic() after RCU stall detection messages. This
886 is useful to define the root cause of RCU stal 864 is useful to define the root cause of RCU stalls using a vmcore.
887 865
888 = ============================================ 866 = ============================================================
889 0 Do not panic() when RCU stall takes place, d 867 0 Do not panic() when RCU stall takes place, default behavior.
890 1 panic() after printing RCU stall messages. 868 1 panic() after printing RCU stall messages.
891 = ============================================ 869 = ============================================================
892 870
893 max_rcu_stall_to_panic 871 max_rcu_stall_to_panic
894 ====================== 872 ======================
895 873
896 When ``panic_on_rcu_stall`` is set to 1, this 874 When ``panic_on_rcu_stall`` is set to 1, this value determines the
897 number of times that RCU can stall before pani 875 number of times that RCU can stall before panic() is called.
898 876
899 When ``panic_on_rcu_stall`` is set to 0, this 877 When ``panic_on_rcu_stall`` is set to 0, this value is has no effect.
900 878
901 perf_cpu_time_max_percent 879 perf_cpu_time_max_percent
902 ========================= 880 =========================
903 881
904 Hints to the kernel how much CPU time it shoul 882 Hints to the kernel how much CPU time it should be allowed to
905 use to handle perf sampling events. If the pe 883 use to handle perf sampling events. If the perf subsystem
906 is informed that its samples are exceeding thi 884 is informed that its samples are exceeding this limit, it
907 will drop its sampling frequency to attempt to 885 will drop its sampling frequency to attempt to reduce its CPU
908 usage. 886 usage.
909 887
910 Some perf sampling happens in NMIs. If these 888 Some perf sampling happens in NMIs. If these samples
911 unexpectedly take too long to execute, the NMI 889 unexpectedly take too long to execute, the NMIs can become
912 stacked up next to each other so much that not 890 stacked up next to each other so much that nothing else is
913 allowed to execute. 891 allowed to execute.
914 892
915 ===== ======================================== 893 ===== ========================================================
916 0 Disable the mechanism. Do not monitor o 894 0 Disable the mechanism. Do not monitor or correct perf's
917 sampling rate no matter how CPU time it 895 sampling rate no matter how CPU time it takes.
918 896
919 1-100 Attempt to throttle perf's sample rate t 897 1-100 Attempt to throttle perf's sample rate to this
920 percentage of CPU. Note: the kernel cal 898 percentage of CPU. Note: the kernel calculates an
921 "expected" length of each sample event. 899 "expected" length of each sample event. 100 here means
922 100% of that expected length. Even if t 900 100% of that expected length. Even if this is set to
923 100, you may still see sample throttling 901 100, you may still see sample throttling if this
924 length is exceeded. Set to 0 if you tru 902 length is exceeded. Set to 0 if you truly do not care
925 how much CPU is consumed. 903 how much CPU is consumed.
926 ===== ======================================== 904 ===== ========================================================
927 905
928 906
929 perf_event_paranoid 907 perf_event_paranoid
930 =================== 908 ===================
931 909
932 Controls use of the performance events system 910 Controls use of the performance events system by unprivileged
933 users (without CAP_PERFMON). The default valu 911 users (without CAP_PERFMON). The default value is 2.
934 912
935 For backward compatibility reasons access to s 913 For backward compatibility reasons access to system performance
936 monitoring and observability remains open for 914 monitoring and observability remains open for CAP_SYS_ADMIN
937 privileged processes but CAP_SYS_ADMIN usage f 915 privileged processes but CAP_SYS_ADMIN usage for secure system
938 performance monitoring and observability opera 916 performance monitoring and observability operations is discouraged
939 with respect to CAP_PERFMON use cases. 917 with respect to CAP_PERFMON use cases.
940 918
941 === ========================================= 919 === ==================================================================
942 -1 Allow use of (almost) all events by all u 920 -1 Allow use of (almost) all events by all users.
943 921
944 Ignore mlock limit after perf_event_mlock 922 Ignore mlock limit after perf_event_mlock_kb without
945 ``CAP_IPC_LOCK``. 923 ``CAP_IPC_LOCK``.
946 924
947 >=0 Disallow ftrace function tracepoint by us 925 >=0 Disallow ftrace function tracepoint by users without
948 ``CAP_PERFMON``. 926 ``CAP_PERFMON``.
949 927
950 Disallow raw tracepoint access by users w 928 Disallow raw tracepoint access by users without ``CAP_PERFMON``.
951 929
952 >=1 Disallow CPU event access by users withou 930 >=1 Disallow CPU event access by users without ``CAP_PERFMON``.
953 931
954 >=2 Disallow kernel profiling by users withou 932 >=2 Disallow kernel profiling by users without ``CAP_PERFMON``.
955 === ========================================= 933 === ==================================================================
956 934
957 935
958 perf_event_max_stack 936 perf_event_max_stack
959 ==================== 937 ====================
960 938
961 Controls maximum number of stack frames to cop 939 Controls maximum number of stack frames to copy for (``attr.sample_type &
962 PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN``) configured events, fo 940 PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN``) configured events, for instance, when using
963 '``perf record -g``' or '``perf trace --call-g 941 '``perf record -g``' or '``perf trace --call-graph fp``'.
964 942
965 This can only be done when no events are in us 943 This can only be done when no events are in use that have callchains
966 enabled, otherwise writing to this file will r 944 enabled, otherwise writing to this file will return ``-EBUSY``.
967 945
968 The default value is 127. 946 The default value is 127.
969 947
970 948
971 perf_event_mlock_kb 949 perf_event_mlock_kb
972 =================== 950 ===================
973 951
974 Control size of per-cpu ring buffer not counte 952 Control size of per-cpu ring buffer not counted against mlock limit.
975 953
976 The default value is 512 + 1 page 954 The default value is 512 + 1 page
977 955
978 956
979 perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack 957 perf_event_max_contexts_per_stack
980 ================================= 958 =================================
981 959
982 Controls maximum number of stack frame context 960 Controls maximum number of stack frame context entries for
983 (``attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN``) 961 (``attr.sample_type & PERF_SAMPLE_CALLCHAIN``) configured events, for
984 instance, when using '``perf record -g``' or ' 962 instance, when using '``perf record -g``' or '``perf trace --call-graph fp``'.
985 963
986 This can only be done when no events are in us 964 This can only be done when no events are in use that have callchains
987 enabled, otherwise writing to this file will r 965 enabled, otherwise writing to this file will return ``-EBUSY``.
988 966
989 The default value is 8. 967 The default value is 8.
990 968
991 969
992 perf_user_access (arm64 and riscv only) 970 perf_user_access (arm64 and riscv only)
993 ======================================= 971 =======================================
994 972
995 Controls user space access for reading perf ev 973 Controls user space access for reading perf event counters.
996 974
997 arm64 975 arm64
998 ===== 976 =====
999 977
1000 The default value is 0 (access disabled). 978 The default value is 0 (access disabled).
1001 979
1002 When set to 1, user space can read performanc 980 When set to 1, user space can read performance monitor counter registers
1003 directly. 981 directly.
1004 982
1005 See Documentation/arch/arm64/perf.rst for mor 983 See Documentation/arch/arm64/perf.rst for more information.
1006 984
1007 riscv 985 riscv
1008 ===== 986 =====
1009 987
1010 When set to 0, user space access is disabled. 988 When set to 0, user space access is disabled.
1011 989
1012 The default value is 1, user space can read p 990 The default value is 1, user space can read performance monitor counter
1013 registers through perf, any direct access wit 991 registers through perf, any direct access without perf intervention will trigger
1014 an illegal instruction. 992 an illegal instruction.
1015 993
1016 When set to 2, which enables legacy mode (use 994 When set to 2, which enables legacy mode (user space has direct access to cycle
1017 and insret CSRs only). Note that this legacy 995 and insret CSRs only). Note that this legacy value is deprecated and will be
1018 removed once all user space applications are 996 removed once all user space applications are fixed.
1019 997
1020 Note that the time CSR is always directly acc 998 Note that the time CSR is always directly accessible to all modes.
1021 999
1022 pid_max 1000 pid_max
1023 ======= 1001 =======
1024 1002
1025 PID allocation wrap value. When the kernel's 1003 PID allocation wrap value. When the kernel's next PID value
1026 reaches this value, it wraps back to a minimu 1004 reaches this value, it wraps back to a minimum PID value.
1027 PIDs of value ``pid_max`` or larger are not a 1005 PIDs of value ``pid_max`` or larger are not allocated.
1028 1006
1029 1007
1030 ns_last_pid 1008 ns_last_pid
1031 =========== 1009 ===========
1032 1010
1033 The last pid allocated in the current (the on 1011 The last pid allocated in the current (the one task using this sysctl
1034 lives in) pid namespace. When selecting a pid 1012 lives in) pid namespace. When selecting a pid for a next task on fork
1035 kernel tries to allocate a number starting fr 1013 kernel tries to allocate a number starting from this one.
1036 1014
1037 1015
1038 powersave-nap (PPC only) 1016 powersave-nap (PPC only)
1039 ======================== 1017 ========================
1040 1018
1041 If set, Linux-PPC will use the 'nap' mode of 1019 If set, Linux-PPC will use the 'nap' mode of powersaving,
1042 otherwise the 'doze' mode will be used. 1020 otherwise the 'doze' mode will be used.
1043 1021
1044 1022
1045 ============================================= 1023 ==============================================================
1046 1024
1047 printk 1025 printk
1048 ====== 1026 ======
1049 1027
1050 The four values in printk denote: ``console_l 1028 The four values in printk denote: ``console_loglevel``,
1051 ``default_message_loglevel``, ``minimum_conso 1029 ``default_message_loglevel``, ``minimum_console_loglevel`` and
1052 ``default_console_loglevel`` respectively. 1030 ``default_console_loglevel`` respectively.
1053 1031
1054 These values influence printk() behavior when 1032 These values influence printk() behavior when printing or
1055 logging error messages. See '``man 2 syslog`` 1033 logging error messages. See '``man 2 syslog``' for more info on
1056 the different loglevels. 1034 the different loglevels.
1057 1035
1058 ======================== ==================== 1036 ======================== =====================================
1059 console_loglevel messages with a high 1037 console_loglevel messages with a higher priority than
1060 this will be printed 1038 this will be printed to the console
1061 default_message_loglevel messages without an 1039 default_message_loglevel messages without an explicit priority
1062 will be printed with 1040 will be printed with this priority
1063 minimum_console_loglevel minimum (highest) va 1041 minimum_console_loglevel minimum (highest) value to which
1064 console_loglevel can 1042 console_loglevel can be set
1065 default_console_loglevel default value for co 1043 default_console_loglevel default value for console_loglevel
1066 ======================== ==================== 1044 ======================== =====================================
1067 1045
1068 1046
1069 printk_delay 1047 printk_delay
1070 ============ 1048 ============
1071 1049
1072 Delay each printk message in ``printk_delay`` 1050 Delay each printk message in ``printk_delay`` milliseconds
1073 1051
1074 Value from 0 - 10000 is allowed. 1052 Value from 0 - 10000 is allowed.
1075 1053
1076 1054
1077 printk_ratelimit 1055 printk_ratelimit
1078 ================ 1056 ================
1079 1057
1080 Some warning messages are rate limited. ``pri 1058 Some warning messages are rate limited. ``printk_ratelimit`` specifies
1081 the minimum length of time between these mess 1059 the minimum length of time between these messages (in seconds).
1082 The default value is 5 seconds. 1060 The default value is 5 seconds.
1083 1061
1084 A value of 0 will disable rate limiting. 1062 A value of 0 will disable rate limiting.
1085 1063
1086 1064
1087 printk_ratelimit_burst 1065 printk_ratelimit_burst
1088 ====================== 1066 ======================
1089 1067
1090 While long term we enforce one message per `p 1068 While long term we enforce one message per `printk_ratelimit`_
1091 seconds, we do allow a burst of messages to p 1069 seconds, we do allow a burst of messages to pass through.
1092 ``printk_ratelimit_burst`` specifies the numb 1070 ``printk_ratelimit_burst`` specifies the number of messages we can
1093 send before ratelimiting kicks in. 1071 send before ratelimiting kicks in.
1094 1072
1095 The default value is 10 messages. 1073 The default value is 10 messages.
1096 1074
1097 1075
1098 printk_devkmsg 1076 printk_devkmsg
1099 ============== 1077 ==============
1100 1078
1101 Control the logging to ``/dev/kmsg`` from use 1079 Control the logging to ``/dev/kmsg`` from userspace:
1102 1080
1103 ========= =================================== 1081 ========= =============================================
1104 ratelimit default, ratelimited 1082 ratelimit default, ratelimited
1105 on unlimited logging to /dev/kmsg from 1083 on unlimited logging to /dev/kmsg from userspace
1106 off logging to /dev/kmsg disabled 1084 off logging to /dev/kmsg disabled
1107 ========= =================================== 1085 ========= =============================================
1108 1086
1109 The kernel command line parameter ``printk.de 1087 The kernel command line parameter ``printk.devkmsg=`` overrides this and is
1110 a one-time setting until next reboot: once se 1088 a one-time setting until next reboot: once set, it cannot be changed by
1111 this sysctl interface anymore. 1089 this sysctl interface anymore.
1112 1090
1113 ============================================= 1091 ==============================================================
1114 1092
1115 1093
1116 pty 1094 pty
1117 === 1095 ===
1118 1096
1119 See Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst. 1097 See Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst.
1120 1098
1121 1099
1122 random 1100 random
1123 ====== 1101 ======
1124 1102
1125 This is a directory, with the following entri 1103 This is a directory, with the following entries:
1126 1104
1127 * ``boot_id``: a UUID generated the first tim 1105 * ``boot_id``: a UUID generated the first time this is retrieved, and
1128 unvarying after that; 1106 unvarying after that;
1129 1107
1130 * ``uuid``: a UUID generated every time this 1108 * ``uuid``: a UUID generated every time this is retrieved (this can
1131 thus be used to generate UUIDs at will); 1109 thus be used to generate UUIDs at will);
1132 1110
1133 * ``entropy_avail``: the pool's entropy count 1111 * ``entropy_avail``: the pool's entropy count, in bits;
1134 1112
1135 * ``poolsize``: the entropy pool size, in bit 1113 * ``poolsize``: the entropy pool size, in bits;
1136 1114
1137 * ``urandom_min_reseed_secs``: obsolete (used 1115 * ``urandom_min_reseed_secs``: obsolete (used to determine the minimum
1138 number of seconds between urandom pool rese 1116 number of seconds between urandom pool reseeding). This file is
1139 writable for compatibility purposes, but wr 1117 writable for compatibility purposes, but writing to it has no effect
1140 on any RNG behavior; 1118 on any RNG behavior;
1141 1119
1142 * ``write_wakeup_threshold``: when the entrop 1120 * ``write_wakeup_threshold``: when the entropy count drops below this
1143 (as a number of bits), processes waiting to 1121 (as a number of bits), processes waiting to write to ``/dev/random``
1144 are woken up. This file is writable for com 1122 are woken up. This file is writable for compatibility purposes, but
1145 writing to it has no effect on any RNG beha 1123 writing to it has no effect on any RNG behavior.
1146 1124
1147 1125
1148 randomize_va_space 1126 randomize_va_space
1149 ================== 1127 ==================
1150 1128
1151 This option can be used to select the type of 1129 This option can be used to select the type of process address
1152 space randomization that is used in the syste 1130 space randomization that is used in the system, for architectures
1153 that support this feature. 1131 that support this feature.
1154 1132
1155 == ========================================= 1133 == ===========================================================================
1156 0 Turn the process address space randomizat 1134 0 Turn the process address space randomization off. This is the
1157 default for architectures that do not sup 1135 default for architectures that do not support this feature anyways,
1158 and kernels that are booted with the "nor 1136 and kernels that are booted with the "norandmaps" parameter.
1159 1137
1160 1 Make the addresses of mmap base, stack an 1138 1 Make the addresses of mmap base, stack and VDSO page randomized.
1161 This, among other things, implies that sh 1139 This, among other things, implies that shared libraries will be
1162 loaded to random addresses. Also for PIE 1140 loaded to random addresses. Also for PIE-linked binaries, the
1163 location of code start is randomized. Th 1141 location of code start is randomized. This is the default if the
1164 ``CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK`` option is enabled. 1142 ``CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK`` option is enabled.
1165 1143
1166 2 Additionally enable heap randomization. 1144 2 Additionally enable heap randomization. This is the default if
1167 ``CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK`` is disabled. 1145 ``CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK`` is disabled.
1168 1146
1169 There are a few legacy applications out t 1147 There are a few legacy applications out there (such as some ancient
1170 versions of libc.so.5 from 1996) that ass 1148 versions of libc.so.5 from 1996) that assume that brk area starts
1171 just after the end of the code+bss. Thes 1149 just after the end of the code+bss. These applications break when
1172 start of the brk area is randomized. The 1150 start of the brk area is randomized. There are however no known
1173 non-legacy applications that would be bro 1151 non-legacy applications that would be broken this way, so for most
1174 systems it is safe to choose full randomi 1152 systems it is safe to choose full randomization.
1175 1153
1176 Systems with ancient and/or broken binari 1154 Systems with ancient and/or broken binaries should be configured
1177 with ``CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK`` enabled, which 1155 with ``CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK`` enabled, which excludes the heap from process
1178 address space randomization. 1156 address space randomization.
1179 == ========================================= 1157 == ===========================================================================
1180 1158
1181 1159
1182 real-root-dev 1160 real-root-dev
1183 ============= 1161 =============
1184 1162
1185 See Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst. 1163 See Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst.
1186 1164
1187 1165
1188 reboot-cmd (SPARC only) 1166 reboot-cmd (SPARC only)
1189 ======================= 1167 =======================
1190 1168
1191 ??? This seems to be a way to give an argumen 1169 ??? This seems to be a way to give an argument to the Sparc
1192 ROM/Flash boot loader. Maybe to tell it what 1170 ROM/Flash boot loader. Maybe to tell it what to do after
1193 rebooting. ??? 1171 rebooting. ???
1194 1172
1195 1173
1196 sched_energy_aware 1174 sched_energy_aware
1197 ================== 1175 ==================
1198 1176
1199 Enables/disables Energy Aware Scheduling (EAS 1177 Enables/disables Energy Aware Scheduling (EAS). EAS starts
1200 automatically on platforms where it can run ( 1178 automatically on platforms where it can run (that is,
1201 platforms with asymmetric CPU topologies and 1179 platforms with asymmetric CPU topologies and having an Energy
1202 Model available). If your platform happens to 1180 Model available). If your platform happens to meet the
1203 requirements for EAS but you do not want to u 1181 requirements for EAS but you do not want to use it, change
1204 this value to 0. On Non-EAS platforms, write 1182 this value to 0. On Non-EAS platforms, write operation fails and
1205 read doesn't return anything. 1183 read doesn't return anything.
1206 1184
1207 task_delayacct 1185 task_delayacct
1208 =============== 1186 ===============
1209 1187
1210 Enables/disables task delay accounting (see 1188 Enables/disables task delay accounting (see
1211 Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.rst 1189 Documentation/accounting/delay-accounting.rst. Enabling this feature incurs
1212 a small amount of overhead in the scheduler b 1190 a small amount of overhead in the scheduler but is useful for debugging
1213 and performance tuning. It is required by som 1191 and performance tuning. It is required by some tools such as iotop.
1214 1192
1215 sched_schedstats 1193 sched_schedstats
1216 ================ 1194 ================
1217 1195
1218 Enables/disables scheduler statistics. Enabli 1196 Enables/disables scheduler statistics. Enabling this feature
1219 incurs a small amount of overhead in the sche 1197 incurs a small amount of overhead in the scheduler but is
1220 useful for debugging and performance tuning. 1198 useful for debugging and performance tuning.
1221 1199
1222 sched_util_clamp_min 1200 sched_util_clamp_min
1223 ==================== 1201 ====================
1224 1202
1225 Max allowed *minimum* utilization. 1203 Max allowed *minimum* utilization.
1226 1204
1227 Default value is 1024, which is the maximum p 1205 Default value is 1024, which is the maximum possible value.
1228 1206
1229 It means that any requested uclamp.min value 1207 It means that any requested uclamp.min value cannot be greater than
1230 sched_util_clamp_min, i.e., it is restricted 1208 sched_util_clamp_min, i.e., it is restricted to the range
1231 [0:sched_util_clamp_min]. 1209 [0:sched_util_clamp_min].
1232 1210
1233 sched_util_clamp_max 1211 sched_util_clamp_max
1234 ==================== 1212 ====================
1235 1213
1236 Max allowed *maximum* utilization. 1214 Max allowed *maximum* utilization.
1237 1215
1238 Default value is 1024, which is the maximum p 1216 Default value is 1024, which is the maximum possible value.
1239 1217
1240 It means that any requested uclamp.max value 1218 It means that any requested uclamp.max value cannot be greater than
1241 sched_util_clamp_max, i.e., it is restricted 1219 sched_util_clamp_max, i.e., it is restricted to the range
1242 [0:sched_util_clamp_max]. 1220 [0:sched_util_clamp_max].
1243 1221
1244 sched_util_clamp_min_rt_default 1222 sched_util_clamp_min_rt_default
1245 =============================== 1223 ===============================
1246 1224
1247 By default Linux is tuned for performance. Wh 1225 By default Linux is tuned for performance. Which means that RT tasks always run
1248 at the highest frequency and most capable (hi 1226 at the highest frequency and most capable (highest capacity) CPU (in
1249 heterogeneous systems). 1227 heterogeneous systems).
1250 1228
1251 Uclamp achieves this by setting the requested 1229 Uclamp achieves this by setting the requested uclamp.min of all RT tasks to
1252 1024 by default, which effectively boosts the 1230 1024 by default, which effectively boosts the tasks to run at the highest
1253 frequency and biases them to run on the bigge 1231 frequency and biases them to run on the biggest CPU.
1254 1232
1255 This knob allows admins to change the default 1233 This knob allows admins to change the default behavior when uclamp is being
1256 used. In battery powered devices particularly 1234 used. In battery powered devices particularly, running at the maximum
1257 capacity and frequency will increase energy c 1235 capacity and frequency will increase energy consumption and shorten the battery
1258 life. 1236 life.
1259 1237
1260 This knob is only effective for RT tasks whic 1238 This knob is only effective for RT tasks which the user hasn't modified their
1261 requested uclamp.min value via sched_setattr( 1239 requested uclamp.min value via sched_setattr() syscall.
1262 1240
1263 This knob will not escape the range constrain 1241 This knob will not escape the range constraint imposed by sched_util_clamp_min
1264 defined above. 1242 defined above.
1265 1243
1266 For example if 1244 For example if
1267 1245
1268 sched_util_clamp_min_rt_default = 800 1246 sched_util_clamp_min_rt_default = 800
1269 sched_util_clamp_min = 600 1247 sched_util_clamp_min = 600
1270 1248
1271 Then the boost will be clamped to 600 because 1249 Then the boost will be clamped to 600 because 800 is outside of the permissible
1272 range of [0:600]. This could happen for insta 1250 range of [0:600]. This could happen for instance if a powersave mode will
1273 restrict all boosts temporarily by modifying 1251 restrict all boosts temporarily by modifying sched_util_clamp_min. As soon as
1274 this restriction is lifted, the requested sch 1252 this restriction is lifted, the requested sched_util_clamp_min_rt_default
1275 will take effect. 1253 will take effect.
1276 1254
1277 seccomp 1255 seccomp
1278 ======= 1256 =======
1279 1257
1280 See Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filte 1258 See Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst.
1281 1259
1282 1260
1283 sg-big-buff 1261 sg-big-buff
1284 =========== 1262 ===========
1285 1263
1286 This file shows the size of the generic SCSI 1264 This file shows the size of the generic SCSI (sg) buffer.
1287 You can't tune it just yet, but you could cha 1265 You can't tune it just yet, but you could change it on
1288 compile time by editing ``include/scsi/sg.h`` 1266 compile time by editing ``include/scsi/sg.h`` and changing
1289 the value of ``SG_BIG_BUFF``. 1267 the value of ``SG_BIG_BUFF``.
1290 1268
1291 There shouldn't be any reason to change this 1269 There shouldn't be any reason to change this value. If
1292 you can come up with one, you probably know w 1270 you can come up with one, you probably know what you
1293 are doing anyway :) 1271 are doing anyway :)
1294 1272
1295 1273
1296 shmall 1274 shmall
1297 ====== 1275 ======
1298 1276
1299 This parameter sets the total amount of share !! 1277 This parameter sets the total amount of shared memory pages that
1300 inside ipc namespace. The shared memory pages !! 1278 can be used system wide. Hence, ``shmall`` should always be at least
1301 namespace separately and is not inherited. He !! 1279 ``ceil(shmmax/PAGE_SIZE)``.
1302 least ``ceil(shmmax/PAGE_SIZE)``. <<
1303 1280
1304 If you are not sure what the default ``PAGE_S 1281 If you are not sure what the default ``PAGE_SIZE`` is on your Linux
1305 system, you can run the following command:: 1282 system, you can run the following command::
1306 1283
1307 # getconf PAGE_SIZE 1284 # getconf PAGE_SIZE
1308 1285
1309 To reduce or disable the ability to allocate <<
1310 new ipc namespace, set this parameter to the <<
1311 creation of a new ipc namespace in the curren <<
1312 be used. <<
1313 1286
1314 shmmax 1287 shmmax
1315 ====== 1288 ======
1316 1289
1317 This value can be used to query and set the r 1290 This value can be used to query and set the run time limit
1318 on the maximum shared memory segment size tha 1291 on the maximum shared memory segment size that can be created.
1319 Shared memory segments up to 1Gb are now supp 1292 Shared memory segments up to 1Gb are now supported in the
1320 kernel. This value defaults to ``SHMMAX``. 1293 kernel. This value defaults to ``SHMMAX``.
1321 1294
1322 1295
1323 shmmni 1296 shmmni
1324 ====== 1297 ======
1325 1298
1326 This value determines the maximum number of s 1299 This value determines the maximum number of shared memory segments.
1327 4096 by default (``SHMMNI``). 1300 4096 by default (``SHMMNI``).
1328 1301
1329 1302
1330 shm_rmid_forced 1303 shm_rmid_forced
1331 =============== 1304 ===============
1332 1305
1333 Linux lets you set resource limits, including 1306 Linux lets you set resource limits, including how much memory one
1334 process can consume, via ``setrlimit(2)``. U 1307 process can consume, via ``setrlimit(2)``. Unfortunately, shared memory
1335 segments are allowed to exist without associa 1308 segments are allowed to exist without association with any process, and
1336 thus might not be counted against any resourc 1309 thus might not be counted against any resource limits. If enabled,
1337 shared memory segments are automatically dest 1310 shared memory segments are automatically destroyed when their attach
1338 count becomes zero after a detach or a proces 1311 count becomes zero after a detach or a process termination. It will
1339 also destroy segments that were created, but 1312 also destroy segments that were created, but never attached to, on exit
1340 from the process. The only use left for ``IP 1313 from the process. The only use left for ``IPC_RMID`` is to immediately
1341 destroy an unattached segment. Of course, th 1314 destroy an unattached segment. Of course, this breaks the way things are
1342 defined, so some applications might stop work 1315 defined, so some applications might stop working. Note that this
1343 feature will do you no good unless you also c 1316 feature will do you no good unless you also configure your resource
1344 limits (in particular, ``RLIMIT_AS`` and ``RL 1317 limits (in particular, ``RLIMIT_AS`` and ``RLIMIT_NPROC``). Most systems don't
1345 need this. 1318 need this.
1346 1319
1347 Note that if you change this from 0 to 1, alr 1320 Note that if you change this from 0 to 1, already created segments
1348 without users and with a dead originative pro 1321 without users and with a dead originative process will be destroyed.
1349 1322
1350 1323
1351 sysctl_writes_strict 1324 sysctl_writes_strict
1352 ==================== 1325 ====================
1353 1326
1354 Control how file position affects the behavio 1327 Control how file position affects the behavior of updating sysctl values
1355 via the ``/proc/sys`` interface: 1328 via the ``/proc/sys`` interface:
1356 1329
1357 == ====================================== 1330 == ======================================================================
1358 -1 Legacy per-write sysctl value handling 1331 -1 Legacy per-write sysctl value handling, with no printk warnings.
1359 Each write syscall must fully contain 1332 Each write syscall must fully contain the sysctl value to be
1360 written, and multiple writes on the sa 1333 written, and multiple writes on the same sysctl file descriptor
1361 will rewrite the sysctl value, regardl 1334 will rewrite the sysctl value, regardless of file position.
1362 0 Same behavior as above, but warn about 1335 0 Same behavior as above, but warn about processes that perform writes
1363 to a sysctl file descriptor when the f 1336 to a sysctl file descriptor when the file position is not 0.
1364 1 (default) Respect file position when w 1337 1 (default) Respect file position when writing sysctl strings. Multiple
1365 writes will append to the sysctl value 1338 writes will append to the sysctl value buffer. Anything past the max
1366 length of the sysctl value buffer will 1339 length of the sysctl value buffer will be ignored. Writes to numeric
1367 sysctl entries must always be at file 1340 sysctl entries must always be at file position 0 and the value must
1368 be fully contained in the buffer sent 1341 be fully contained in the buffer sent in the write syscall.
1369 == ====================================== 1342 == ======================================================================
1370 1343
1371 1344
1372 softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace 1345 softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace
1373 ============================ 1346 ============================
1374 1347
1375 This value controls the soft lockup detector 1348 This value controls the soft lockup detector thread's behavior
1376 when a soft lockup condition is detected as t 1349 when a soft lockup condition is detected as to whether or not
1377 to gather further debug information. If enabl 1350 to gather further debug information. If enabled, each cpu will
1378 be issued an NMI and instructed to capture st 1351 be issued an NMI and instructed to capture stack trace.
1379 1352
1380 This feature is only applicable for architect 1353 This feature is only applicable for architectures which support
1381 NMI. 1354 NMI.
1382 1355
1383 = =========================================== 1356 = ============================================
1384 0 Do nothing. This is the default behavior. 1357 0 Do nothing. This is the default behavior.
1385 1 On detection capture more debug information 1358 1 On detection capture more debug information.
1386 = =========================================== 1359 = ============================================
1387 1360
1388 1361
1389 softlockup_panic 1362 softlockup_panic
1390 ================= 1363 =================
1391 1364
1392 This parameter can be used to control whether 1365 This parameter can be used to control whether the kernel panics
1393 when a soft lockup is detected. 1366 when a soft lockup is detected.
1394 1367
1395 = =========================================== 1368 = ============================================
1396 0 Don't panic on soft lockup. 1369 0 Don't panic on soft lockup.
1397 1 Panic on soft lockup. 1370 1 Panic on soft lockup.
1398 = =========================================== 1371 = ============================================
1399 1372
1400 This can also be set using the softlockup_pan 1373 This can also be set using the softlockup_panic kernel parameter.
1401 1374
1402 1375
1403 soft_watchdog 1376 soft_watchdog
1404 ============= 1377 =============
1405 1378
1406 This parameter can be used to control the sof 1379 This parameter can be used to control the soft lockup detector.
1407 1380
1408 = ================================= 1381 = =================================
1409 0 Disable the soft lockup detector. 1382 0 Disable the soft lockup detector.
1410 1 Enable the soft lockup detector. 1383 1 Enable the soft lockup detector.
1411 = ================================= 1384 = =================================
1412 1385
1413 The soft lockup detector monitors CPUs for th 1386 The soft lockup detector monitors CPUs for threads that are hogging the CPUs
1414 without rescheduling voluntarily, and thus pr 1387 without rescheduling voluntarily, and thus prevent the 'migration/N' threads
1415 from running, causing the watchdog work fail 1388 from running, causing the watchdog work fail to execute. The mechanism depends
1416 on the CPUs ability to respond to timer inter 1389 on the CPUs ability to respond to timer interrupts which are needed for the
1417 watchdog work to be queued by the watchdog ti 1390 watchdog work to be queued by the watchdog timer function, otherwise the NMI
1418 watchdog — if enabled — can detect a hard 1391 watchdog — if enabled — can detect a hard lockup condition.
1419 1392
1420 1393
1421 split_lock_mitigate (x86 only) 1394 split_lock_mitigate (x86 only)
1422 ============================== 1395 ==============================
1423 1396
1424 On x86, each "split lock" imposes a system-wi 1397 On x86, each "split lock" imposes a system-wide performance penalty. On larger
1425 systems, large numbers of split locks from un 1398 systems, large numbers of split locks from unprivileged users can result in
1426 denials of service to well-behaved and potent 1399 denials of service to well-behaved and potentially more important users.
1427 1400
1428 The kernel mitigates these bad users by detec 1401 The kernel mitigates these bad users by detecting split locks and imposing
1429 penalties: forcing them to wait and only allo 1402 penalties: forcing them to wait and only allowing one core to execute split
1430 locks at a time. 1403 locks at a time.
1431 1404
1432 These mitigations can make those bad applicat 1405 These mitigations can make those bad applications unbearably slow. Setting
1433 split_lock_mitigate=0 may restore some applic 1406 split_lock_mitigate=0 may restore some application performance, but will also
1434 increase system exposure to denial of service 1407 increase system exposure to denial of service attacks from split lock users.
1435 1408
1436 = =========================================== 1409 = ===================================================================
1437 0 Disable the mitigation mode - just warns th 1410 0 Disable the mitigation mode - just warns the split lock on kernel log
1438 and exposes the system to denials of servic 1411 and exposes the system to denials of service from the split lockers.
1439 1 Enable the mitigation mode (this is the def 1412 1 Enable the mitigation mode (this is the default) - penalizes the split
1440 lockers with intentional performance degrad 1413 lockers with intentional performance degradation.
1441 = =========================================== 1414 = ===================================================================
1442 1415
1443 1416
1444 stack_erasing 1417 stack_erasing
1445 ============= 1418 =============
1446 1419
1447 This parameter can be used to control kernel 1420 This parameter can be used to control kernel stack erasing at the end
1448 of syscalls for kernels built with ``CONFIG_G 1421 of syscalls for kernels built with ``CONFIG_GCC_PLUGIN_STACKLEAK``.
1449 1422
1450 That erasing reduces the information which ke 1423 That erasing reduces the information which kernel stack leak bugs
1451 can reveal and blocks some uninitialized stac 1424 can reveal and blocks some uninitialized stack variable attacks.
1452 The tradeoff is the performance impact: on a 1425 The tradeoff is the performance impact: on a single CPU system kernel
1453 compilation sees a 1% slowdown, other systems 1426 compilation sees a 1% slowdown, other systems and workloads may vary.
1454 1427
1455 = =========================================== 1428 = ====================================================================
1456 0 Kernel stack erasing is disabled, STACKLEAK 1429 0 Kernel stack erasing is disabled, STACKLEAK_METRICS are not updated.
1457 1 Kernel stack erasing is enabled (default), 1430 1 Kernel stack erasing is enabled (default), it is performed before
1458 returning to the userspace at the end of sy 1431 returning to the userspace at the end of syscalls.
1459 = =========================================== 1432 = ====================================================================
1460 1433
1461 1434
1462 stop-a (SPARC only) 1435 stop-a (SPARC only)
1463 =================== 1436 ===================
1464 1437
1465 Controls Stop-A: 1438 Controls Stop-A:
1466 1439
1467 = ==================================== 1440 = ====================================
1468 0 Stop-A has no effect. 1441 0 Stop-A has no effect.
1469 1 Stop-A breaks to the PROM (default). 1442 1 Stop-A breaks to the PROM (default).
1470 = ==================================== 1443 = ====================================
1471 1444
1472 Stop-A is always enabled on a panic, so that 1445 Stop-A is always enabled on a panic, so that the user can return to
1473 the boot PROM. 1446 the boot PROM.
1474 1447
1475 1448
1476 sysrq 1449 sysrq
1477 ===== 1450 =====
1478 1451
1479 See Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst. 1452 See Documentation/admin-guide/sysrq.rst.
1480 1453
1481 1454
1482 tainted 1455 tainted
1483 ======= 1456 =======
1484 1457
1485 Non-zero if the kernel has been tainted. Nume 1458 Non-zero if the kernel has been tainted. Numeric values, which can be
1486 ORed together. The letters are seen in "Taint 1459 ORed together. The letters are seen in "Tainted" line of Oops reports.
1487 1460
1488 ====== ===== ============================== 1461 ====== ===== ==============================================================
1489 1 `(P)` proprietary module was loaded 1462 1 `(P)` proprietary module was loaded
1490 2 `(F)` module was force loaded 1463 2 `(F)` module was force loaded
1491 4 `(S)` kernel running on an out of sp 1464 4 `(S)` kernel running on an out of specification system
1492 8 `(R)` module was force unloaded 1465 8 `(R)` module was force unloaded
1493 16 `(M)` processor reported a Machine C 1466 16 `(M)` processor reported a Machine Check Exception (MCE)
1494 32 `(B)` bad page referenced or some un 1467 32 `(B)` bad page referenced or some unexpected page flags
1495 64 `(U)` taint requested by userspace a 1468 64 `(U)` taint requested by userspace application
1496 128 `(D)` kernel died recently, i.e. the 1469 128 `(D)` kernel died recently, i.e. there was an OOPS or BUG
1497 256 `(A)` an ACPI table was overridden b 1470 256 `(A)` an ACPI table was overridden by user
1498 512 `(W)` kernel issued warning 1471 512 `(W)` kernel issued warning
1499 1024 `(C)` staging driver was loaded 1472 1024 `(C)` staging driver was loaded
1500 2048 `(I)` workaround for bug in platform 1473 2048 `(I)` workaround for bug in platform firmware applied
1501 4096 `(O)` externally-built ("out-of-tree 1474 4096 `(O)` externally-built ("out-of-tree") module was loaded
1502 8192 `(E)` unsigned module was loaded 1475 8192 `(E)` unsigned module was loaded
1503 16384 `(L)` soft lockup occurred 1476 16384 `(L)` soft lockup occurred
1504 32768 `(K)` kernel has been live patched 1477 32768 `(K)` kernel has been live patched
1505 65536 `(X)` Auxiliary taint, defined and u 1478 65536 `(X)` Auxiliary taint, defined and used by for distros
1506 131072 `(T)` The kernel was built with the 1479 131072 `(T)` The kernel was built with the struct randomization plugin
1507 ====== ===== ============================== 1480 ====== ===== ==============================================================
1508 1481
1509 See Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels 1482 See Documentation/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.rst for more information.
1510 1483
1511 Note: 1484 Note:
1512 writes to this sysctl interface will fail w 1485 writes to this sysctl interface will fail with ``EINVAL`` if the kernel is
1513 booted with the command line option ``panic 1486 booted with the command line option ``panic_on_taint=<bitmask>,nousertaint``
1514 and any of the ORed together values being w 1487 and any of the ORed together values being written to ``tainted`` match with
1515 the bitmask declared on panic_on_taint. 1488 the bitmask declared on panic_on_taint.
1516 See Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parame 1489 See Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst for more details on
1517 that particular kernel command line option 1490 that particular kernel command line option and its optional
1518 ``nousertaint`` switch. 1491 ``nousertaint`` switch.
1519 1492
1520 threads-max 1493 threads-max
1521 =========== 1494 ===========
1522 1495
1523 This value controls the maximum number of thr 1496 This value controls the maximum number of threads that can be created
1524 using ``fork()``. 1497 using ``fork()``.
1525 1498
1526 During initialization the kernel sets this va 1499 During initialization the kernel sets this value such that even if the
1527 maximum number of threads is created, the thr 1500 maximum number of threads is created, the thread structures occupy only
1528 a part (1/8th) of the available RAM pages. 1501 a part (1/8th) of the available RAM pages.
1529 1502
1530 The minimum value that can be written to ``th 1503 The minimum value that can be written to ``threads-max`` is 1.
1531 1504
1532 The maximum value that can be written to ``th 1505 The maximum value that can be written to ``threads-max`` is given by the
1533 constant ``FUTEX_TID_MASK`` (0x3fffffff). 1506 constant ``FUTEX_TID_MASK`` (0x3fffffff).
1534 1507
1535 If a value outside of this range is written t 1508 If a value outside of this range is written to ``threads-max`` an
1536 ``EINVAL`` error occurs. 1509 ``EINVAL`` error occurs.
1537 1510
1538 1511
1539 traceoff_on_warning 1512 traceoff_on_warning
1540 =================== 1513 ===================
1541 1514
1542 When set, disables tracing (see Documentation 1515 When set, disables tracing (see Documentation/trace/ftrace.rst) when a
1543 ``WARN()`` is hit. 1516 ``WARN()`` is hit.
1544 1517
1545 1518
1546 tracepoint_printk 1519 tracepoint_printk
1547 ================= 1520 =================
1548 1521
1549 When tracepoints are sent to printk() (enable 1522 When tracepoints are sent to printk() (enabled by the ``tp_printk``
1550 boot parameter), this entry provides runtime 1523 boot parameter), this entry provides runtime control::
1551 1524
1552 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_prin 1525 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_printk
1553 1526
1554 will stop tracepoints from being sent to prin 1527 will stop tracepoints from being sent to printk(), and::
1555 1528
1556 echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_prin 1529 echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_printk
1557 1530
1558 will send them to printk() again. 1531 will send them to printk() again.
1559 1532
1560 This only works if the kernel was booted with 1533 This only works if the kernel was booted with ``tp_printk`` enabled.
1561 1534
1562 See Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-paramete 1535 See Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst and
1563 Documentation/trace/boottime-trace.rst. 1536 Documentation/trace/boottime-trace.rst.
1564 1537
1565 1538
1566 unaligned-trap 1539 unaligned-trap
1567 ============== 1540 ==============
1568 1541
1569 On architectures where unaligned accesses cau 1542 On architectures where unaligned accesses cause traps, and where this
1570 feature is supported (``CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UN 1543 feature is supported (``CONFIG_SYSCTL_ARCH_UNALIGN_ALLOW``; currently,
1571 ``arc``, ``parisc`` and ``loongarch``), contr 1544 ``arc``, ``parisc`` and ``loongarch``), controls whether unaligned traps
1572 are caught and emulated (instead of failing). 1545 are caught and emulated (instead of failing).
1573 1546
1574 = =========================================== 1547 = ========================================================
1575 0 Do not emulate unaligned accesses. 1548 0 Do not emulate unaligned accesses.
1576 1 Emulate unaligned accesses. This is the def 1549 1 Emulate unaligned accesses. This is the default setting.
1577 = =========================================== 1550 = ========================================================
1578 1551
1579 See also `ignore-unaligned-usertrap`_. 1552 See also `ignore-unaligned-usertrap`_.
1580 1553
1581 1554
1582 unknown_nmi_panic 1555 unknown_nmi_panic
1583 ================= 1556 =================
1584 1557
1585 The value in this file affects behavior of ha 1558 The value in this file affects behavior of handling NMI. When the
1586 value is non-zero, unknown NMI is trapped and 1559 value is non-zero, unknown NMI is trapped and then panic occurs. At
1587 that time, kernel debugging information is di 1560 that time, kernel debugging information is displayed on console.
1588 1561
1589 NMI switch that most IA32 servers have fires 1562 NMI switch that most IA32 servers have fires unknown NMI up, for
1590 example. If a system hangs up, try pressing 1563 example. If a system hangs up, try pressing the NMI switch.
1591 1564
1592 1565
1593 unprivileged_bpf_disabled 1566 unprivileged_bpf_disabled
1594 ========================= 1567 =========================
1595 1568
1596 Writing 1 to this entry will disable unprivil 1569 Writing 1 to this entry will disable unprivileged calls to ``bpf()``;
1597 once disabled, calling ``bpf()`` without ``CA 1570 once disabled, calling ``bpf()`` without ``CAP_SYS_ADMIN`` or ``CAP_BPF``
1598 will return ``-EPERM``. Once set to 1, this c 1571 will return ``-EPERM``. Once set to 1, this can't be cleared from the
1599 running kernel anymore. 1572 running kernel anymore.
1600 1573
1601 Writing 2 to this entry will also disable unp 1574 Writing 2 to this entry will also disable unprivileged calls to ``bpf()``,
1602 however, an admin can still change this setti 1575 however, an admin can still change this setting later on, if needed, by
1603 writing 0 or 1 to this entry. 1576 writing 0 or 1 to this entry.
1604 1577
1605 If ``BPF_UNPRIV_DEFAULT_OFF`` is enabled in t 1578 If ``BPF_UNPRIV_DEFAULT_OFF`` is enabled in the kernel config, then this
1606 entry will default to 2 instead of 0. 1579 entry will default to 2 instead of 0.
1607 1580
1608 = =========================================== 1581 = =============================================================
1609 0 Unprivileged calls to ``bpf()`` are enabled 1582 0 Unprivileged calls to ``bpf()`` are enabled
1610 1 Unprivileged calls to ``bpf()`` are disable 1583 1 Unprivileged calls to ``bpf()`` are disabled without recovery
1611 2 Unprivileged calls to ``bpf()`` are disable 1584 2 Unprivileged calls to ``bpf()`` are disabled
1612 = =========================================== 1585 = =============================================================
1613 1586
1614 1587
1615 warn_limit 1588 warn_limit
1616 ========== 1589 ==========
1617 1590
1618 Number of kernel warnings after which the ker 1591 Number of kernel warnings after which the kernel should panic when
1619 ``panic_on_warn`` is not set. Setting this to 1592 ``panic_on_warn`` is not set. Setting this to 0 disables checking
1620 the warning count. Setting this to 1 has the 1593 the warning count. Setting this to 1 has the same effect as setting
1621 ``panic_on_warn=1``. The default value is 0. 1594 ``panic_on_warn=1``. The default value is 0.
1622 1595
1623 1596
1624 watchdog 1597 watchdog
1625 ======== 1598 ========
1626 1599
1627 This parameter can be used to disable or enab 1600 This parameter can be used to disable or enable the soft lockup detector
1628 *and* the NMI watchdog (i.e. the hard lockup 1601 *and* the NMI watchdog (i.e. the hard lockup detector) at the same time.
1629 1602
1630 = ============================== 1603 = ==============================
1631 0 Disable both lockup detectors. 1604 0 Disable both lockup detectors.
1632 1 Enable both lockup detectors. 1605 1 Enable both lockup detectors.
1633 = ============================== 1606 = ==============================
1634 1607
1635 The soft lockup detector and the NMI watchdog 1608 The soft lockup detector and the NMI watchdog can also be disabled or
1636 enabled individually, using the ``soft_watchd 1609 enabled individually, using the ``soft_watchdog`` and ``nmi_watchdog``
1637 parameters. 1610 parameters.
1638 If the ``watchdog`` parameter is read, for ex 1611 If the ``watchdog`` parameter is read, for example by executing::
1639 1612
1640 cat /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog 1613 cat /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog
1641 1614
1642 the output of this command (0 or 1) shows the 1615 the output of this command (0 or 1) shows the logical OR of
1643 ``soft_watchdog`` and ``nmi_watchdog``. 1616 ``soft_watchdog`` and ``nmi_watchdog``.
1644 1617
1645 1618
1646 watchdog_cpumask 1619 watchdog_cpumask
1647 ================ 1620 ================
1648 1621
1649 This value can be used to control on which cp 1622 This value can be used to control on which cpus the watchdog may run.
1650 The default cpumask is all possible cores, bu 1623 The default cpumask is all possible cores, but if ``NO_HZ_FULL`` is
1651 enabled in the kernel config, and cores are s 1624 enabled in the kernel config, and cores are specified with the
1652 ``nohz_full=`` boot argument, those cores are 1625 ``nohz_full=`` boot argument, those cores are excluded by default.
1653 Offline cores can be included in this mask, a 1626 Offline cores can be included in this mask, and if the core is later
1654 brought online, the watchdog will be started 1627 brought online, the watchdog will be started based on the mask value.
1655 1628
1656 Typically this value would only be touched in 1629 Typically this value would only be touched in the ``nohz_full`` case
1657 to re-enable cores that by default were not r 1630 to re-enable cores that by default were not running the watchdog,
1658 if a kernel lockup was suspected on those cor 1631 if a kernel lockup was suspected on those cores.
1659 1632
1660 The argument value is the standard cpulist fo 1633 The argument value is the standard cpulist format for cpumasks,
1661 so for example to enable the watchdog on core 1634 so for example to enable the watchdog on cores 0, 2, 3, and 4 you
1662 might say:: 1635 might say::
1663 1636
1664 echo 0,2-4 > /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog_cpum 1637 echo 0,2-4 > /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog_cpumask
1665 1638
1666 1639
1667 watchdog_thresh 1640 watchdog_thresh
1668 =============== 1641 ===============
1669 1642
1670 This value can be used to control the frequen 1643 This value can be used to control the frequency of hrtimer and NMI
1671 events and the soft and hard lockup threshold 1644 events and the soft and hard lockup thresholds. The default threshold
1672 is 10 seconds. 1645 is 10 seconds.
1673 1646
1674 The softlockup threshold is (``2 * watchdog_t 1647 The softlockup threshold is (``2 * watchdog_thresh``). Setting this
1675 tunable to zero will disable lockup detection 1648 tunable to zero will disable lockup detection altogether.
Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.
TOMOYO® is a registered trademark of NTT DATA CORPORATION.