1 ======= 1 =======
2 Locking 2 Locking
3 ======= 3 =======
4 4
5 The text below describes the locking rules for 5 The text below describes the locking rules for VFS-related methods.
6 It is (believed to be) up-to-date. *Please*, i 6 It is (believed to be) up-to-date. *Please*, if you change anything in
7 prototypes or locking protocols - update this 7 prototypes or locking protocols - update this file. And update the relevant
8 instances in the tree, don't leave that to mai 8 instances in the tree, don't leave that to maintainers of filesystems/devices/
9 etc. At the very least, put the list of dubiou 9 etc. At the very least, put the list of dubious cases in the end of this file.
10 Don't turn it into log - maintainers of out-of 10 Don't turn it into log - maintainers of out-of-the-tree code are supposed to
11 be able to use diff(1). 11 be able to use diff(1).
12 12
13 Thing currently missing here: socket operation 13 Thing currently missing here: socket operations. Alexey?
14 14
15 dentry_operations 15 dentry_operations
16 ================= 16 =================
17 17
18 prototypes:: 18 prototypes::
19 19
20 int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, u 20 int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
21 int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry 21 int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
22 int (*d_hash)(const struct dentry *, s 22 int (*d_hash)(const struct dentry *, struct qstr *);
23 int (*d_compare)(const struct dentry * 23 int (*d_compare)(const struct dentry *,
24 unsigned int, const ch 24 unsigned int, const char *, const struct qstr *);
25 int (*d_delete)(struct dentry *); 25 int (*d_delete)(struct dentry *);
26 int (*d_init)(struct dentry *); 26 int (*d_init)(struct dentry *);
27 void (*d_release)(struct dentry *); 27 void (*d_release)(struct dentry *);
28 void (*d_iput)(struct dentry *, struct 28 void (*d_iput)(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
29 char *(*d_dname)((struct dentry *dentr 29 char *(*d_dname)((struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, int buflen);
30 struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct 30 struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct path *path);
31 int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, b 31 int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, bool);
32 struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry !! 32 struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *);
33 33
34 locking rules: 34 locking rules:
35 35
36 ================== =========== ======== 36 ================== =========== ======== ============== ========
37 ops rename_lock ->d_lock 37 ops rename_lock ->d_lock may block rcu-walk
38 ================== =========== ======== 38 ================== =========== ======== ============== ========
39 d_revalidate: no no 39 d_revalidate: no no yes (ref-walk) maybe
40 d_weak_revalidate: no no 40 d_weak_revalidate: no no yes no
41 d_hash no no 41 d_hash no no no maybe
42 d_compare: yes no 42 d_compare: yes no no maybe
43 d_delete: no yes 43 d_delete: no yes no no
44 d_init: no no 44 d_init: no no yes no
45 d_release: no no 45 d_release: no no yes no
46 d_prune: no yes 46 d_prune: no yes no no
47 d_iput: no no 47 d_iput: no no yes no
48 d_dname: no no 48 d_dname: no no no no
49 d_automount: no no 49 d_automount: no no yes no
50 d_manage: no no 50 d_manage: no no yes (ref-walk) maybe
51 d_real no no 51 d_real no no yes no
52 ================== =========== ======== 52 ================== =========== ======== ============== ========
53 53
54 inode_operations 54 inode_operations
55 ================ 55 ================
56 56
57 prototypes:: 57 prototypes::
58 58
59 int (*create) (struct mnt_idmap *, str !! 59 int (*create) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t, bool);
60 struct dentry * (*lookup) (struct inod 60 struct dentry * (*lookup) (struct inode *,struct dentry *, unsigned int);
61 int (*link) (struct dentry *,struct in 61 int (*link) (struct dentry *,struct inode *,struct dentry *);
62 int (*unlink) (struct inode *,struct d 62 int (*unlink) (struct inode *,struct dentry *);
63 int (*symlink) (struct mnt_idmap *, st !! 63 int (*symlink) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,const char *);
64 int (*mkdir) (struct mnt_idmap *, stru !! 64 int (*mkdir) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t);
65 int (*rmdir) (struct inode *,struct de 65 int (*rmdir) (struct inode *,struct dentry *);
66 int (*mknod) (struct mnt_idmap *, stru !! 66 int (*mknod) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t,dev_t);
67 int (*rename) (struct mnt_idmap *, str !! 67 int (*rename) (struct inode *, struct dentry *,
68 struct inode *, struct 68 struct inode *, struct dentry *, unsigned int);
69 int (*readlink) (struct dentry *, char 69 int (*readlink) (struct dentry *, char __user *,int);
70 const char *(*get_link) (struct dentry 70 const char *(*get_link) (struct dentry *, struct inode *, struct delayed_call *);
71 void (*truncate) (struct inode *); 71 void (*truncate) (struct inode *);
72 int (*permission) (struct mnt_idmap *, !! 72 int (*permission) (struct inode *, int, unsigned int);
73 struct posix_acl * (*get_inode_acl)(st !! 73 struct posix_acl * (*get_acl)(struct inode *, int, bool);
74 int (*setattr) (struct mnt_idmap *, st !! 74 int (*setattr) (struct dentry *, struct iattr *);
75 int (*getattr) (struct mnt_idmap *, co !! 75 int (*getattr) (const struct path *, struct kstat *, u32, unsigned int);
76 ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, 76 ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
77 int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct f 77 int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start, u64 len);
78 void (*update_time)(struct inode *, st 78 void (*update_time)(struct inode *, struct timespec *, int);
79 int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, str 79 int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *,
80 struct file *, 80 struct file *, unsigned open_flag,
81 umode_t create 81 umode_t create_mode);
82 int (*tmpfile) (struct mnt_idmap *, st !! 82 int (*tmpfile) (struct inode *, struct dentry *, umode_t);
83 struct file *, umode_t !! 83 int (*fileattr_set)(struct user_namespace *mnt_userns,
84 int (*fileattr_set)(struct mnt_idmap * <<
85 struct dentry *den 84 struct dentry *dentry, struct fileattr *fa);
86 int (*fileattr_get)(struct dentry *den 85 int (*fileattr_get)(struct dentry *dentry, struct fileattr *fa);
87 struct posix_acl * (*get_acl)(struct m <<
88 struct offset_ctx *(*get_offset_ctx)(s <<
89 86
90 locking rules: 87 locking rules:
91 all may block 88 all may block
92 89
93 ============== ============================== !! 90 ============= =============================================
94 ops i_rwsem(inode) 91 ops i_rwsem(inode)
95 ============== ============================== !! 92 ============= =============================================
96 lookup: shared 93 lookup: shared
97 create: exclusive 94 create: exclusive
98 link: exclusive (both) 95 link: exclusive (both)
99 mknod: exclusive 96 mknod: exclusive
100 symlink: exclusive 97 symlink: exclusive
101 mkdir: exclusive 98 mkdir: exclusive
102 unlink: exclusive (both) 99 unlink: exclusive (both)
103 rmdir: exclusive (both)(see below) 100 rmdir: exclusive (both)(see below)
104 rename: exclusive (both parents, some !! 101 rename: exclusive (all) (see below)
105 readlink: no 102 readlink: no
106 get_link: no 103 get_link: no
107 setattr: exclusive 104 setattr: exclusive
108 permission: no (may not block if called in 105 permission: no (may not block if called in rcu-walk mode)
109 get_inode_acl: no <<
110 get_acl: no 106 get_acl: no
111 getattr: no 107 getattr: no
112 listxattr: no 108 listxattr: no
113 fiemap: no 109 fiemap: no
114 update_time: no 110 update_time: no
115 atomic_open: shared (exclusive if O_CREAT i 111 atomic_open: shared (exclusive if O_CREAT is set in open flags)
116 tmpfile: no 112 tmpfile: no
117 fileattr_get: no or exclusive 113 fileattr_get: no or exclusive
118 fileattr_set: exclusive 114 fileattr_set: exclusive
119 get_offset_ctx no !! 115 ============= =============================================
120 ============== ============================== <<
121 116
122 117
123 Additionally, ->rmdir(), ->unlink() an 118 Additionally, ->rmdir(), ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_rwsem
124 exclusive on victim. 119 exclusive on victim.
125 cross-directory ->rename() has (per-su 120 cross-directory ->rename() has (per-superblock) ->s_vfs_rename_sem.
126 ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_rws <<
127 involved. <<
128 ->rename() has ->i_rwsem exclusive on <<
129 121
130 See Documentation/filesystems/directory-lockin 122 See Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking.rst for more detailed discussion
131 of the locking scheme for directory operations 123 of the locking scheme for directory operations.
132 124
133 xattr_handler operations 125 xattr_handler operations
134 ======================== 126 ========================
135 127
136 prototypes:: 128 prototypes::
137 129
138 bool (*list)(struct dentry *dentry); 130 bool (*list)(struct dentry *dentry);
139 int (*get)(const struct xattr_handler 131 int (*get)(const struct xattr_handler *handler, struct dentry *dentry,
140 struct inode *inode, const 132 struct inode *inode, const char *name, void *buffer,
141 size_t size); 133 size_t size);
142 int (*set)(const struct xattr_handler 134 int (*set)(const struct xattr_handler *handler,
143 struct mnt_idmap *idmap, !! 135 struct user_namespace *mnt_userns,
144 struct dentry *dentry, stru 136 struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode, const char *name,
145 const void *buffer, size_t 137 const void *buffer, size_t size, int flags);
146 138
147 locking rules: 139 locking rules:
148 all may block 140 all may block
149 141
150 ===== ============== 142 ===== ==============
151 ops i_rwsem(inode) 143 ops i_rwsem(inode)
152 ===== ============== 144 ===== ==============
153 list: no 145 list: no
154 get: no 146 get: no
155 set: exclusive 147 set: exclusive
156 ===== ============== 148 ===== ==============
157 149
158 super_operations 150 super_operations
159 ================ 151 ================
160 152
161 prototypes:: 153 prototypes::
162 154
163 struct inode *(*alloc_inode)(struct su 155 struct inode *(*alloc_inode)(struct super_block *sb);
164 void (*free_inode)(struct inode *); 156 void (*free_inode)(struct inode *);
165 void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *); 157 void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *);
166 void (*dirty_inode) (struct inode *, i 158 void (*dirty_inode) (struct inode *, int flags);
167 int (*write_inode) (struct inode *, st 159 int (*write_inode) (struct inode *, struct writeback_control *wbc);
168 int (*drop_inode) (struct inode *); 160 int (*drop_inode) (struct inode *);
169 void (*evict_inode) (struct inode *); 161 void (*evict_inode) (struct inode *);
170 void (*put_super) (struct super_block 162 void (*put_super) (struct super_block *);
171 int (*sync_fs)(struct super_block *sb, 163 int (*sync_fs)(struct super_block *sb, int wait);
172 int (*freeze_fs) (struct super_block * 164 int (*freeze_fs) (struct super_block *);
173 int (*unfreeze_fs) (struct super_block 165 int (*unfreeze_fs) (struct super_block *);
174 int (*statfs) (struct dentry *, struct 166 int (*statfs) (struct dentry *, struct kstatfs *);
175 int (*remount_fs) (struct super_block 167 int (*remount_fs) (struct super_block *, int *, char *);
176 void (*umount_begin) (struct super_blo 168 void (*umount_begin) (struct super_block *);
177 int (*show_options)(struct seq_file *, 169 int (*show_options)(struct seq_file *, struct dentry *);
178 ssize_t (*quota_read)(struct super_blo 170 ssize_t (*quota_read)(struct super_block *, int, char *, size_t, loff_t);
179 ssize_t (*quota_write)(struct super_bl 171 ssize_t (*quota_write)(struct super_block *, int, const char *, size_t, loff_t);
180 172
181 locking rules: 173 locking rules:
182 All may block [not true, see below] 174 All may block [not true, see below]
183 175
184 ====================== ============ ====== 176 ====================== ============ ========================
185 ops s_umount note 177 ops s_umount note
186 ====================== ============ ====== 178 ====================== ============ ========================
187 alloc_inode: 179 alloc_inode:
188 free_inode: called 180 free_inode: called from RCU callback
189 destroy_inode: 181 destroy_inode:
190 dirty_inode: 182 dirty_inode:
191 write_inode: 183 write_inode:
192 drop_inode: !!!ino 184 drop_inode: !!!inode->i_lock!!!
193 evict_inode: 185 evict_inode:
194 put_super: write 186 put_super: write
195 sync_fs: read 187 sync_fs: read
196 freeze_fs: write 188 freeze_fs: write
197 unfreeze_fs: write 189 unfreeze_fs: write
198 statfs: maybe(read) (see b 190 statfs: maybe(read) (see below)
199 remount_fs: write 191 remount_fs: write
200 umount_begin: no 192 umount_begin: no
201 show_options: no (names 193 show_options: no (namespace_sem)
202 quota_read: no (see b 194 quota_read: no (see below)
203 quota_write: no (see b 195 quota_write: no (see below)
204 ====================== ============ ====== 196 ====================== ============ ========================
205 197
206 ->statfs() has s_umount (shared) when called b 198 ->statfs() has s_umount (shared) when called by ustat(2) (native or
207 compat), but that's an accident of bad API; s_ 199 compat), but that's an accident of bad API; s_umount is used to pin
208 the superblock down when we only have dev_t gi 200 the superblock down when we only have dev_t given us by userland to
209 identify the superblock. Everything else (sta 201 identify the superblock. Everything else (statfs(), fstatfs(), etc.)
210 doesn't hold it when calling ->statfs() - supe 202 doesn't hold it when calling ->statfs() - superblock is pinned down
211 by resolving the pathname passed to syscall. 203 by resolving the pathname passed to syscall.
212 204
213 ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() functions a 205 ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() functions are both guaranteed to
214 be the only ones operating on the quota file b 206 be the only ones operating on the quota file by the quota code (via
215 dqio_sem) (unless an admin really wants to scr 207 dqio_sem) (unless an admin really wants to screw up something and
216 writes to quota files with quotas on). For oth 208 writes to quota files with quotas on). For other details about locking
217 see also dquot_operations section. 209 see also dquot_operations section.
218 210
219 file_system_type 211 file_system_type
220 ================ 212 ================
221 213
222 prototypes:: 214 prototypes::
223 215
224 struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_s 216 struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_system_type *, int,
225 const char *, void *); 217 const char *, void *);
226 void (*kill_sb) (struct super_block *) 218 void (*kill_sb) (struct super_block *);
227 219
228 locking rules: 220 locking rules:
229 221
230 ======= ========= 222 ======= =========
231 ops may block 223 ops may block
232 ======= ========= 224 ======= =========
233 mount yes 225 mount yes
234 kill_sb yes 226 kill_sb yes
235 ======= ========= 227 ======= =========
236 228
237 ->mount() returns ERR_PTR or the root dentry; 229 ->mount() returns ERR_PTR or the root dentry; its superblock should be locked
238 on return. 230 on return.
239 231
240 ->kill_sb() takes a write-locked superblock, d 232 ->kill_sb() takes a write-locked superblock, does all shutdown work on it,
241 unlocks and drops the reference. 233 unlocks and drops the reference.
242 234
243 address_space_operations 235 address_space_operations
244 ======================== 236 ========================
245 prototypes:: 237 prototypes::
246 238
247 int (*writepage)(struct page *page, st 239 int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
248 int (*read_folio)(struct file *, struc 240 int (*read_folio)(struct file *, struct folio *);
249 int (*writepages)(struct address_space 241 int (*writepages)(struct address_space *, struct writeback_control *);
250 bool (*dirty_folio)(struct address_spa 242 bool (*dirty_folio)(struct address_space *, struct folio *folio);
251 void (*readahead)(struct readahead_con 243 void (*readahead)(struct readahead_control *);
252 int (*write_begin)(struct file *, stru 244 int (*write_begin)(struct file *, struct address_space *mapping,
253 loff_t pos, un 245 loff_t pos, unsigned len,
254 struct folio * !! 246 struct page **pagep, void **fsdata);
255 int (*write_end)(struct file *, struct 247 int (*write_end)(struct file *, struct address_space *mapping,
256 loff_t pos, un 248 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
257 struct folio * !! 249 struct page *page, void *fsdata);
258 sector_t (*bmap)(struct address_space 250 sector_t (*bmap)(struct address_space *, sector_t);
259 void (*invalidate_folio) (struct folio 251 void (*invalidate_folio) (struct folio *, size_t start, size_t len);
260 bool (*release_folio)(struct folio *, 252 bool (*release_folio)(struct folio *, gfp_t);
261 void (*free_folio)(struct folio *); 253 void (*free_folio)(struct folio *);
262 int (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struc 254 int (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter);
263 int (*migrate_folio)(struct address_sp 255 int (*migrate_folio)(struct address_space *, struct folio *dst,
264 struct folio *src, enu 256 struct folio *src, enum migrate_mode);
265 int (*launder_folio)(struct folio *); 257 int (*launder_folio)(struct folio *);
266 bool (*is_partially_uptodate)(struct f 258 bool (*is_partially_uptodate)(struct folio *, size_t from, size_t count);
267 int (*error_remove_folio)(struct addre !! 259 int (*error_remove_page)(struct address_space *, struct page *);
268 int (*swap_activate)(struct swap_info_ 260 int (*swap_activate)(struct swap_info_struct *sis, struct file *f, sector_t *span)
269 int (*swap_deactivate)(struct file *); 261 int (*swap_deactivate)(struct file *);
270 int (*swap_rw)(struct kiocb *iocb, str 262 int (*swap_rw)(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter);
271 263
272 locking rules: 264 locking rules:
273 All except dirty_folio and free_folio 265 All except dirty_folio and free_folio may block
274 266
275 ====================== ====================== 267 ====================== ======================== ========= ===============
276 ops folio locked 268 ops folio locked i_rwsem invalidate_lock
277 ====================== ====================== 269 ====================== ======================== ========= ===============
278 writepage: yes, unlocks (see belo 270 writepage: yes, unlocks (see below)
279 read_folio: yes, unlocks 271 read_folio: yes, unlocks shared
280 writepages: 272 writepages:
281 dirty_folio: maybe 273 dirty_folio: maybe
282 readahead: yes, unlocks 274 readahead: yes, unlocks shared
283 write_begin: locks the folio !! 275 write_begin: locks the page exclusive
284 write_end: yes, unlocks 276 write_end: yes, unlocks exclusive
285 bmap: 277 bmap:
286 invalidate_folio: yes 278 invalidate_folio: yes exclusive
287 release_folio: yes 279 release_folio: yes
288 free_folio: yes 280 free_folio: yes
289 direct_IO: 281 direct_IO:
290 migrate_folio: yes (both) 282 migrate_folio: yes (both)
291 launder_folio: yes 283 launder_folio: yes
292 is_partially_uptodate: yes 284 is_partially_uptodate: yes
293 error_remove_folio: yes !! 285 error_remove_page: yes
294 swap_activate: no 286 swap_activate: no
295 swap_deactivate: no 287 swap_deactivate: no
296 swap_rw: yes, unlocks 288 swap_rw: yes, unlocks
297 ====================== ====================== 289 ====================== ======================== ========= ===============
298 290
299 ->write_begin(), ->write_end() and ->read_foli 291 ->write_begin(), ->write_end() and ->read_folio() may be called from
300 the request handler (/dev/loop). 292 the request handler (/dev/loop).
301 293
302 ->read_folio() unlocks the folio, either synch 294 ->read_folio() unlocks the folio, either synchronously or via I/O
303 completion. 295 completion.
304 296
305 ->readahead() unlocks the folios that I/O is a 297 ->readahead() unlocks the folios that I/O is attempted on like ->read_folio().
306 298
307 ->writepage() is used for two purposes: for "m 299 ->writepage() is used for two purposes: for "memory cleansing" and for
308 "sync". These are quite different operations 300 "sync". These are quite different operations and the behaviour may differ
309 depending upon the mode. 301 depending upon the mode.
310 302
311 If writepage is called for sync (wbc->sync_mod 303 If writepage is called for sync (wbc->sync_mode != WBC_SYNC_NONE) then
312 it *must* start I/O against the page, even if 304 it *must* start I/O against the page, even if that would involve
313 blocking on in-progress I/O. 305 blocking on in-progress I/O.
314 306
315 If writepage is called for memory cleansing (s 307 If writepage is called for memory cleansing (sync_mode ==
316 WBC_SYNC_NONE) then its role is to get as much 308 WBC_SYNC_NONE) then its role is to get as much writeout underway as
317 possible. So writepage should try to avoid bl 309 possible. So writepage should try to avoid blocking against
318 currently-in-progress I/O. 310 currently-in-progress I/O.
319 311
320 If the filesystem is not called for "sync" and 312 If the filesystem is not called for "sync" and it determines that it
321 would need to block against in-progress I/O to 313 would need to block against in-progress I/O to be able to start new I/O
322 against the page the filesystem should redirty 314 against the page the filesystem should redirty the page with
323 redirty_page_for_writepage(), then unlock the 315 redirty_page_for_writepage(), then unlock the page and return zero.
324 This may also be done to avoid internal deadlo 316 This may also be done to avoid internal deadlocks, but rarely.
325 317
326 If the filesystem is called for sync then it m 318 If the filesystem is called for sync then it must wait on any
327 in-progress I/O and then start new I/O. 319 in-progress I/O and then start new I/O.
328 320
329 The filesystem should unlock the page synchron 321 The filesystem should unlock the page synchronously, before returning to the
330 caller, unless ->writepage() returns special W 322 caller, unless ->writepage() returns special WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE
331 value. WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE means that page cann 323 value. WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE means that page cannot really be written out
332 currently, and VM should stop calling ->writep 324 currently, and VM should stop calling ->writepage() on this page for some
333 time. VM does this by moving page to the head 325 time. VM does this by moving page to the head of the active list, hence the
334 name. 326 name.
335 327
336 Unless the filesystem is going to redirty_page 328 Unless the filesystem is going to redirty_page_for_writepage(), unlock the page
337 and return zero, writepage *must* run set_page 329 and return zero, writepage *must* run set_page_writeback() against the page,
338 followed by unlocking it. Once set_page_write 330 followed by unlocking it. Once set_page_writeback() has been run against the
339 page, write I/O can be submitted and the write 331 page, write I/O can be submitted and the write I/O completion handler must run
340 end_page_writeback() once the I/O is complete. 332 end_page_writeback() once the I/O is complete. If no I/O is submitted, the
341 filesystem must run end_page_writeback() again 333 filesystem must run end_page_writeback() against the page before returning from
342 writepage. 334 writepage.
343 335
344 That is: after 2.5.12, pages which are under w 336 That is: after 2.5.12, pages which are under writeout are *not* locked. Note,
345 if the filesystem needs the page to be locked 337 if the filesystem needs the page to be locked during writeout, that is ok, too,
346 the page is allowed to be unlocked at any poin 338 the page is allowed to be unlocked at any point in time between the calls to
347 set_page_writeback() and end_page_writeback(). 339 set_page_writeback() and end_page_writeback().
348 340
349 Note, failure to run either redirty_page_for_w 341 Note, failure to run either redirty_page_for_writepage() or the combination of
350 set_page_writeback()/end_page_writeback() on a 342 set_page_writeback()/end_page_writeback() on a page submitted to writepage
351 will leave the page itself marked clean but it 343 will leave the page itself marked clean but it will be tagged as dirty in the
352 radix tree. This incoherency can lead to all 344 radix tree. This incoherency can lead to all sorts of hard-to-debug problems
353 in the filesystem like having dirty inodes at 345 in the filesystem like having dirty inodes at umount and losing written data.
354 346
355 ->writepages() is used for periodic writeback 347 ->writepages() is used for periodic writeback and for syscall-initiated
356 sync operations. The address_space should sta 348 sync operations. The address_space should start I/O against at least
357 ``*nr_to_write`` pages. ``*nr_to_write`` must 349 ``*nr_to_write`` pages. ``*nr_to_write`` must be decremented for each page
358 which is written. The address_space implement 350 which is written. The address_space implementation may write more (or less)
359 pages than ``*nr_to_write`` asks for, but it s 351 pages than ``*nr_to_write`` asks for, but it should try to be reasonably close.
360 If nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must b 352 If nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must be written.
361 353
362 writepages should _only_ write pages which are 354 writepages should _only_ write pages which are present on
363 mapping->io_pages. 355 mapping->io_pages.
364 356
365 ->dirty_folio() is called from various places 357 ->dirty_folio() is called from various places in the kernel when
366 the target folio is marked as needing writebac 358 the target folio is marked as needing writeback. The folio cannot be
367 truncated because either the caller holds the 359 truncated because either the caller holds the folio lock, or the caller
368 has found the folio while holding the page tab 360 has found the folio while holding the page table lock which will block
369 truncation. 361 truncation.
370 362
371 ->bmap() is currently used by legacy ioctl() ( 363 ->bmap() is currently used by legacy ioctl() (FIBMAP) provided by some
372 filesystems and by the swapper. The latter wil 364 filesystems and by the swapper. The latter will eventually go away. Please,
373 keep it that way and don't breed new callers. 365 keep it that way and don't breed new callers.
374 366
375 ->invalidate_folio() is called when the filesy 367 ->invalidate_folio() is called when the filesystem must attempt to drop
376 some or all of the buffers from the page when 368 some or all of the buffers from the page when it is being truncated. It
377 returns zero on success. The filesystem must 369 returns zero on success. The filesystem must exclusively acquire
378 invalidate_lock before invalidating page cache 370 invalidate_lock before invalidating page cache in truncate / hole punch
379 path (and thus calling into ->invalidate_folio 371 path (and thus calling into ->invalidate_folio) to block races between page
380 cache invalidation and page cache filling func 372 cache invalidation and page cache filling functions (fault, read, ...).
381 373
382 ->release_folio() is called when the MM wants !! 374 ->release_folio() is called when the kernel is about to try to drop the
383 folio that would invalidate the filesystem's p !! 375 buffers from the folio in preparation for freeing it. It returns false to
384 it may be about to be removed from the address !! 376 indicate that the buffers are (or may be) freeable. If ->release_folio is
385 is locked and not under writeback. It may be !! 377 NULL, the kernel assumes that the fs has no private interest in the buffers.
386 is not usually used for allocation, but rather <<
387 filesystem may do to attempt to free the priva <<
388 return false to indicate that the folio's priv <<
389 If it returns true, it should have already rem <<
390 the folio. If a filesystem does not provide a <<
391 the pagecache will assume that private data is <<
392 try_to_free_buffers(). <<
393 378
394 ->free_folio() is called when the kernel has d 379 ->free_folio() is called when the kernel has dropped the folio
395 from the page cache. 380 from the page cache.
396 381
397 ->launder_folio() may be called prior to relea 382 ->launder_folio() may be called prior to releasing a folio if
398 it is still found to be dirty. It returns zero 383 it is still found to be dirty. It returns zero if the folio was successfully
399 cleaned, or an error value if not. Note that i 384 cleaned, or an error value if not. Note that in order to prevent the folio
400 getting mapped back in and redirtied, it needs 385 getting mapped back in and redirtied, it needs to be kept locked
401 across the entire operation. 386 across the entire operation.
402 387
403 ->swap_activate() will be called to prepare th 388 ->swap_activate() will be called to prepare the given file for swap. It
404 should perform any validation and preparation 389 should perform any validation and preparation necessary to ensure that
405 writes can be performed with minimal memory al 390 writes can be performed with minimal memory allocation. It should call
406 add_swap_extent(), or the helper iomap_swapfil 391 add_swap_extent(), or the helper iomap_swapfile_activate(), and return
407 the number of extents added. If IO should be 392 the number of extents added. If IO should be submitted through
408 ->swap_rw(), it should set SWP_FS_OPS, otherwi 393 ->swap_rw(), it should set SWP_FS_OPS, otherwise IO will be submitted
409 directly to the block device ``sis->bdev``. 394 directly to the block device ``sis->bdev``.
410 395
411 ->swap_deactivate() will be called in the sys_ 396 ->swap_deactivate() will be called in the sys_swapoff()
412 path after ->swap_activate() returned success. 397 path after ->swap_activate() returned success.
413 398
414 ->swap_rw will be called for swap IO if SWP_FS 399 ->swap_rw will be called for swap IO if SWP_FS_OPS was set by ->swap_activate().
415 400
416 file_lock_operations 401 file_lock_operations
417 ==================== 402 ====================
418 403
419 prototypes:: 404 prototypes::
420 405
421 void (*fl_copy_lock)(struct file_lock 406 void (*fl_copy_lock)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *);
422 void (*fl_release_private)(struct file 407 void (*fl_release_private)(struct file_lock *);
423 408
424 409
425 locking rules: 410 locking rules:
426 411
427 =================== ============= ====== 412 =================== ============= =========
428 ops inode->i_lock may bl 413 ops inode->i_lock may block
429 =================== ============= ====== 414 =================== ============= =========
430 fl_copy_lock: yes no 415 fl_copy_lock: yes no
431 fl_release_private: maybe maybe[ 416 fl_release_private: maybe maybe[1]_
432 =================== ============= ====== 417 =================== ============= =========
433 418
434 .. [1]: 419 .. [1]:
435 ->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX loc 420 ->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX locks is currently allowed
436 to block. Leases however can still be freed 421 to block. Leases however can still be freed while the i_lock is held and
437 so fl_release_private called on a lease sho 422 so fl_release_private called on a lease should not block.
438 423
439 lock_manager_operations 424 lock_manager_operations
440 ======================= 425 =======================
441 426
442 prototypes:: 427 prototypes::
443 428
444 void (*lm_notify)(struct file_lock *); 429 void (*lm_notify)(struct file_lock *); /* unblock callback */
445 int (*lm_grant)(struct file_lock *, st 430 int (*lm_grant)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *, int);
446 void (*lm_break)(struct file_lock *); 431 void (*lm_break)(struct file_lock *); /* break_lease callback */
447 int (*lm_change)(struct file_lock **, 432 int (*lm_change)(struct file_lock **, int);
448 bool (*lm_breaker_owns_lease)(struct f 433 bool (*lm_breaker_owns_lease)(struct file_lock *);
449 bool (*lm_lock_expirable)(struct file_ 434 bool (*lm_lock_expirable)(struct file_lock *);
450 void (*lm_expire_lock)(void); 435 void (*lm_expire_lock)(void);
451 436
452 locking rules: 437 locking rules:
453 438
454 ====================== ============= ====== 439 ====================== ============= ================= =========
455 ops flc_lock blocke 440 ops flc_lock blocked_lock_lock may block
456 ====================== ============= ====== 441 ====================== ============= ================= =========
457 lm_notify: no yes 442 lm_notify: no yes no
458 lm_grant: no no 443 lm_grant: no no no
459 lm_break: yes no 444 lm_break: yes no no
460 lm_change yes no 445 lm_change yes no no
461 lm_breaker_owns_lease: yes no 446 lm_breaker_owns_lease: yes no no
462 lm_lock_expirable yes no 447 lm_lock_expirable yes no no
463 lm_expire_lock no no 448 lm_expire_lock no no yes
464 ====================== ============= ====== 449 ====================== ============= ================= =========
465 450
466 buffer_head 451 buffer_head
467 =========== 452 ===========
468 453
469 prototypes:: 454 prototypes::
470 455
471 void (*b_end_io)(struct buffer_head *b 456 void (*b_end_io)(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate);
472 457
473 locking rules: 458 locking rules:
474 459
475 called from interrupts. In other words, extrem 460 called from interrupts. In other words, extreme care is needed here.
476 bh is locked, but that's all warranties we hav 461 bh is locked, but that's all warranties we have here. Currently only RAID1,
477 highmem, fs/buffer.c, and fs/ntfs/aops.c are p 462 highmem, fs/buffer.c, and fs/ntfs/aops.c are providing these. Block devices
478 call this method upon the IO completion. 463 call this method upon the IO completion.
479 464
480 block_device_operations 465 block_device_operations
481 ======================= 466 =======================
482 prototypes:: 467 prototypes::
483 468
484 int (*open) (struct block_device *, fm 469 int (*open) (struct block_device *, fmode_t);
485 int (*release) (struct gendisk *, fmod 470 int (*release) (struct gendisk *, fmode_t);
486 int (*ioctl) (struct block_device *, f 471 int (*ioctl) (struct block_device *, fmode_t, unsigned, unsigned long);
487 int (*compat_ioctl) (struct block_devi 472 int (*compat_ioctl) (struct block_device *, fmode_t, unsigned, unsigned long);
488 int (*direct_access) (struct block_dev 473 int (*direct_access) (struct block_device *, sector_t, void **,
489 unsigned long 474 unsigned long *);
490 void (*unlock_native_capacity) (struct 475 void (*unlock_native_capacity) (struct gendisk *);
491 int (*getgeo)(struct block_device *, s 476 int (*getgeo)(struct block_device *, struct hd_geometry *);
492 void (*swap_slot_free_notify) (struct 477 void (*swap_slot_free_notify) (struct block_device *, unsigned long);
493 478
494 locking rules: 479 locking rules:
495 480
496 ======================= =================== 481 ======================= ===================
497 ops open_mutex 482 ops open_mutex
498 ======================= =================== 483 ======================= ===================
499 open: yes 484 open: yes
500 release: yes 485 release: yes
501 ioctl: no 486 ioctl: no
502 compat_ioctl: no 487 compat_ioctl: no
503 direct_access: no 488 direct_access: no
504 unlock_native_capacity: no 489 unlock_native_capacity: no
505 getgeo: no 490 getgeo: no
506 swap_slot_free_notify: no (see below) 491 swap_slot_free_notify: no (see below)
507 ======================= =================== 492 ======================= ===================
508 493
509 swap_slot_free_notify is called with swap_lock 494 swap_slot_free_notify is called with swap_lock and sometimes the page lock
510 held. 495 held.
511 496
512 497
513 file_operations 498 file_operations
514 =============== 499 ===============
515 500
516 prototypes:: 501 prototypes::
517 502
518 loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_ 503 loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
519 ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char _ 504 ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
520 ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const 505 ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
521 ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, 506 ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
522 ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, 507 ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
523 int (*iopoll) (struct kiocb *kiocb, bo 508 int (*iopoll) (struct kiocb *kiocb, bool spin);
>> 509 int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
524 int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, 510 int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
525 __poll_t (*poll) (struct file *, struc 511 __poll_t (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
526 long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, 512 long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
527 long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, u 513 long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
528 int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_ 514 int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
529 int (*open) (struct inode *, struct fi 515 int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
530 int (*flush) (struct file *); 516 int (*flush) (struct file *);
531 int (*release) (struct inode *, struct 517 int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
532 int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t st 518 int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync);
533 int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int 519 int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
534 int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struc 520 int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
>> 521 ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t,
>> 522 loff_t *, int);
535 unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(str 523 unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long,
536 unsigned long, unsigne 524 unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
537 int (*check_flags)(int); 525 int (*check_flags)(int);
538 int (*flock) (struct file *, int, stru 526 int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
539 ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_in 527 ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *,
540 size_t, unsigned int); 528 size_t, unsigned int);
541 ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, 529 ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *,
542 size_t, unsigned int); 530 size_t, unsigned int);
543 int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, s 531 int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
544 long (*fallocate)(struct file *, int, 532 long (*fallocate)(struct file *, int, loff_t, loff_t);
545 void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m 533 void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
546 unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct f 534 unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
547 ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file 535 ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *,
548 loff_t, size_t, unsign 536 loff_t, size_t, unsigned int);
549 loff_t (*remap_file_range)(struct file 537 loff_t (*remap_file_range)(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
550 struct file *file_out, 538 struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
551 loff_t len, unsigned i 539 loff_t len, unsigned int remap_flags);
552 int (*fadvise)(struct file *, loff_t, 540 int (*fadvise)(struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int);
553 541
554 locking rules: 542 locking rules:
555 All may block. 543 All may block.
556 544
557 ->llseek() locking has moved from llseek to th 545 ->llseek() locking has moved from llseek to the individual llseek
558 implementations. If your fs is not using gene 546 implementations. If your fs is not using generic_file_llseek, you
559 need to acquire and release the appropriate lo 547 need to acquire and release the appropriate locks in your ->llseek().
560 For many filesystems, it is probably safe to a 548 For many filesystems, it is probably safe to acquire the inode
561 mutex or just to use i_size_read() instead. 549 mutex or just to use i_size_read() instead.
562 Note: this does not protect the file->f_pos ag 550 Note: this does not protect the file->f_pos against concurrent modifications
563 since this is something the userspace has to t 551 since this is something the userspace has to take care about.
564 552
565 ->iterate_shared() is called with i_rwsem held !! 553 ->iterate() is called with i_rwsem exclusive.
566 file f_pos_lock held exclusively !! 554
>> 555 ->iterate_shared() is called with i_rwsem at least shared.
567 556
568 ->fasync() is responsible for maintaining the 557 ->fasync() is responsible for maintaining the FASYNC bit in filp->f_flags.
569 Most instances call fasync_helper(), which doe 558 Most instances call fasync_helper(), which does that maintenance, so it's
570 not normally something one needs to worry abou 559 not normally something one needs to worry about. Return values > 0 will be
571 mapped to zero in the VFS layer. 560 mapped to zero in the VFS layer.
572 561
573 ->readdir() and ->ioctl() on directories must 562 ->readdir() and ->ioctl() on directories must be changed. Ideally we would
574 move ->readdir() to inode_operations and use a 563 move ->readdir() to inode_operations and use a separate method for directory
575 ->ioctl() or kill the latter completely. One o 564 ->ioctl() or kill the latter completely. One of the problems is that for
576 anything that resembles union-mount we won't h 565 anything that resembles union-mount we won't have a struct file for all
577 components. And there are other reasons why th 566 components. And there are other reasons why the current interface is a mess...
578 567
579 ->read on directories probably must go away - 568 ->read on directories probably must go away - we should just enforce -EISDIR
580 in sys_read() and friends. 569 in sys_read() and friends.
581 570
582 ->setlease operations should call generic_setl 571 ->setlease operations should call generic_setlease() before or after setting
583 the lease within the individual filesystem to 572 the lease within the individual filesystem to record the result of the
584 operation 573 operation
585 574
586 ->fallocate implementation must be really care 575 ->fallocate implementation must be really careful to maintain page cache
587 consistency when punching holes or performing 576 consistency when punching holes or performing other operations that invalidate
588 page cache contents. Usually the filesystem ne 577 page cache contents. Usually the filesystem needs to call
589 truncate_inode_pages_range() to invalidate rel 578 truncate_inode_pages_range() to invalidate relevant range of the page cache.
590 However the filesystem usually also needs to u 579 However the filesystem usually also needs to update its internal (and on disk)
591 view of file offset -> disk block mapping. Unt 580 view of file offset -> disk block mapping. Until this update is finished, the
592 filesystem needs to block page faults and read 581 filesystem needs to block page faults and reads from reloading now-stale page
593 cache contents from the disk. Since VFS acquir 582 cache contents from the disk. Since VFS acquires mapping->invalidate_lock in
594 shared mode when loading pages from disk (file 583 shared mode when loading pages from disk (filemap_fault(), filemap_read(),
595 readahead paths), the fallocate implementation 584 readahead paths), the fallocate implementation must take the invalidate_lock to
596 prevent reloading. 585 prevent reloading.
597 586
598 ->copy_file_range and ->remap_file_range imple 587 ->copy_file_range and ->remap_file_range implementations need to serialize
599 against modifications of file data while the o 588 against modifications of file data while the operation is running. For
600 blocking changes through write(2) and similar 589 blocking changes through write(2) and similar operations inode->i_rwsem can be
601 used. To block changes to file contents via a 590 used. To block changes to file contents via a memory mapping during the
602 operation, the filesystem must take mapping->i 591 operation, the filesystem must take mapping->invalidate_lock to coordinate
603 with ->page_mkwrite. 592 with ->page_mkwrite.
604 593
605 dquot_operations 594 dquot_operations
606 ================ 595 ================
607 596
608 prototypes:: 597 prototypes::
609 598
610 int (*write_dquot) (struct dquot *); 599 int (*write_dquot) (struct dquot *);
611 int (*acquire_dquot) (struct dquot *); 600 int (*acquire_dquot) (struct dquot *);
612 int (*release_dquot) (struct dquot *); 601 int (*release_dquot) (struct dquot *);
613 int (*mark_dirty) (struct dquot *); 602 int (*mark_dirty) (struct dquot *);
614 int (*write_info) (struct super_block 603 int (*write_info) (struct super_block *, int);
615 604
616 These operations are intended to be more or le 605 These operations are intended to be more or less wrapping functions that ensure
617 a proper locking wrt the filesystem and call t 606 a proper locking wrt the filesystem and call the generic quota operations.
618 607
619 What filesystem should expect from the generic 608 What filesystem should expect from the generic quota functions:
620 609
621 ============== ============ ============== 610 ============== ============ =========================
622 ops FS recursion Held locks whe 611 ops FS recursion Held locks when called
623 ============== ============ ============== 612 ============== ============ =========================
624 write_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or 613 write_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
625 acquire_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or 614 acquire_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
626 release_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or 615 release_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
627 mark_dirty: no - 616 mark_dirty: no -
628 write_info: yes dqonoff_sem 617 write_info: yes dqonoff_sem
629 ============== ============ ============== 618 ============== ============ =========================
630 619
631 FS recursion means calling ->quota_read() and 620 FS recursion means calling ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() from superblock
632 operations. 621 operations.
633 622
634 More details about quota locking can be found 623 More details about quota locking can be found in fs/dquot.c.
635 624
636 vm_operations_struct 625 vm_operations_struct
637 ==================== 626 ====================
638 627
639 prototypes:: 628 prototypes::
640 629
641 void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct *); !! 630 void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct*);
642 void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct *) !! 631 void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct*);
643 vm_fault_t (*fault)(struct vm_fault *) !! 632 vm_fault_t (*fault)(struct vm_area_struct*, struct vm_fault *);
644 vm_fault_t (*huge_fault)(struct vm_fau <<
645 vm_fault_t (*map_pages)(struct vm_faul <<
646 vm_fault_t (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_a 633 vm_fault_t (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_fault *);
647 vm_fault_t (*pfn_mkwrite)(struct vm_ar 634 vm_fault_t (*pfn_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_fault *);
648 int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *, 635 int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long, void*, int, int);
649 636
650 locking rules: 637 locking rules:
651 638
652 ============= ========== ============== !! 639 ============= ========= ===========================
653 ops mmap_lock PageLocked(pag 640 ops mmap_lock PageLocked(page)
654 ============= ========== ============== !! 641 ============= ========= ===========================
655 open: write !! 642 open: yes
656 close: read/write !! 643 close: yes
657 fault: read can return wit !! 644 fault: yes can return with page locked
658 huge_fault: maybe-read !! 645 map_pages: yes
659 map_pages: maybe-read !! 646 page_mkwrite: yes can return with page locked
660 page_mkwrite: read can return wit !! 647 pfn_mkwrite: yes
661 pfn_mkwrite: read !! 648 access: yes
662 access: read !! 649 ============= ========= ===========================
663 ============= ========== ============== <<
664 650
665 ->fault() is called when a previously not pres 651 ->fault() is called when a previously not present pte is about to be faulted
666 in. The filesystem must find and return the pa 652 in. The filesystem must find and return the page associated with the passed in
667 "pgoff" in the vm_fault structure. If it is po 653 "pgoff" in the vm_fault structure. If it is possible that the page may be
668 truncated and/or invalidated, then the filesys 654 truncated and/or invalidated, then the filesystem must lock invalidate_lock,
669 then ensure the page is not already truncated 655 then ensure the page is not already truncated (invalidate_lock will block
670 subsequent truncate), and then return with VM_ 656 subsequent truncate), and then return with VM_FAULT_LOCKED, and the page
671 locked. The VM will unlock the page. 657 locked. The VM will unlock the page.
672 658
673 ->huge_fault() is called when there is no PUD <<
674 gives the filesystem the opportunity to instal <<
675 Filesystems can also use the ->fault method to <<
676 so implementing this function may not be neces <<
677 filesystems should not call filemap_fault() fr <<
678 The mmap_lock may not be held when this method <<
679 <<
680 ->map_pages() is called when VM asks to map ea 659 ->map_pages() is called when VM asks to map easy accessible pages.
681 Filesystem should find and map pages associate 660 Filesystem should find and map pages associated with offsets from "start_pgoff"
682 till "end_pgoff". ->map_pages() is called with !! 661 till "end_pgoff". ->map_pages() is called with page table locked and must
683 not block. If it's not possible to reach a pa 662 not block. If it's not possible to reach a page without blocking,
684 filesystem should skip it. Filesystem should u !! 663 filesystem should skip it. Filesystem should use do_set_pte() to setup
685 page table entry. Pointer to entry associated 664 page table entry. Pointer to entry associated with the page is passed in
686 "pte" field in vm_fault structure. Pointers to 665 "pte" field in vm_fault structure. Pointers to entries for other offsets
687 should be calculated relative to "pte". 666 should be calculated relative to "pte".
688 667
689 ->page_mkwrite() is called when a previously r 668 ->page_mkwrite() is called when a previously read-only pte is about to become
690 writeable. The filesystem again must ensure th 669 writeable. The filesystem again must ensure that there are no
691 truncate/invalidate races or races with operat 670 truncate/invalidate races or races with operations such as ->remap_file_range
692 or ->copy_file_range, and then return with the 671 or ->copy_file_range, and then return with the page locked. Usually
693 mapping->invalidate_lock is suitable for prope 672 mapping->invalidate_lock is suitable for proper serialization. If the page has
694 been truncated, the filesystem should not look 673 been truncated, the filesystem should not look up a new page like the ->fault()
695 handler, but simply return with VM_FAULT_NOPAG 674 handler, but simply return with VM_FAULT_NOPAGE, which will cause the VM to
696 retry the fault. 675 retry the fault.
697 676
698 ->pfn_mkwrite() is the same as page_mkwrite bu 677 ->pfn_mkwrite() is the same as page_mkwrite but when the pte is
699 VM_PFNMAP or VM_MIXEDMAP with a page-less entr 678 VM_PFNMAP or VM_MIXEDMAP with a page-less entry. Expected return is
700 VM_FAULT_NOPAGE. Or one of the VM_FAULT_ERROR 679 VM_FAULT_NOPAGE. Or one of the VM_FAULT_ERROR types. The default behavior
701 after this call is to make the pte read-write, 680 after this call is to make the pte read-write, unless pfn_mkwrite returns
702 an error. 681 an error.
703 682
704 ->access() is called when get_user_pages() fai 683 ->access() is called when get_user_pages() fails in
705 access_process_vm(), typically used to debug a 684 access_process_vm(), typically used to debug a process through
706 /proc/pid/mem or ptrace. This function is nee 685 /proc/pid/mem or ptrace. This function is needed only for
707 VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMAs. 686 VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMAs.
708 687
709 ---------------------------------------------- 688 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
710 689
711 Dubious stuff 690 Dubious stuff
712 691
713 (if you break something or notice that it is b 692 (if you break something or notice that it is broken and do not fix it yourself
714 - at least put it here) 693 - at least put it here)
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