1 ======= 1 =======
2 Locking 2 Locking
3 ======= 3 =======
4 4
5 The text below describes the locking rules for 5 The text below describes the locking rules for VFS-related methods.
6 It is (believed to be) up-to-date. *Please*, i 6 It is (believed to be) up-to-date. *Please*, if you change anything in
7 prototypes or locking protocols - update this 7 prototypes or locking protocols - update this file. And update the relevant
8 instances in the tree, don't leave that to mai 8 instances in the tree, don't leave that to maintainers of filesystems/devices/
9 etc. At the very least, put the list of dubiou 9 etc. At the very least, put the list of dubious cases in the end of this file.
10 Don't turn it into log - maintainers of out-of 10 Don't turn it into log - maintainers of out-of-the-tree code are supposed to
11 be able to use diff(1). 11 be able to use diff(1).
12 12
13 Thing currently missing here: socket operation 13 Thing currently missing here: socket operations. Alexey?
14 14
15 dentry_operations 15 dentry_operations
16 ================= 16 =================
17 17
18 prototypes:: 18 prototypes::
19 19
20 int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, u 20 int (*d_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
21 int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry 21 int (*d_weak_revalidate)(struct dentry *, unsigned int);
22 int (*d_hash)(const struct dentry *, s 22 int (*d_hash)(const struct dentry *, struct qstr *);
23 int (*d_compare)(const struct dentry * 23 int (*d_compare)(const struct dentry *,
24 unsigned int, const ch 24 unsigned int, const char *, const struct qstr *);
25 int (*d_delete)(struct dentry *); 25 int (*d_delete)(struct dentry *);
26 int (*d_init)(struct dentry *); 26 int (*d_init)(struct dentry *);
27 void (*d_release)(struct dentry *); 27 void (*d_release)(struct dentry *);
28 void (*d_iput)(struct dentry *, struct 28 void (*d_iput)(struct dentry *, struct inode *);
29 char *(*d_dname)((struct dentry *dentr 29 char *(*d_dname)((struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, int buflen);
30 struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct 30 struct vfsmount *(*d_automount)(struct path *path);
31 int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, b 31 int (*d_manage)(const struct path *, bool);
32 struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry !! 32 struct dentry *(*d_real)(struct dentry *, const struct inode *);
33 33
34 locking rules: 34 locking rules:
35 35
36 ================== =========== ======== 36 ================== =========== ======== ============== ========
37 ops rename_lock ->d_lock 37 ops rename_lock ->d_lock may block rcu-walk
38 ================== =========== ======== 38 ================== =========== ======== ============== ========
39 d_revalidate: no no 39 d_revalidate: no no yes (ref-walk) maybe
40 d_weak_revalidate: no no 40 d_weak_revalidate: no no yes no
41 d_hash no no 41 d_hash no no no maybe
42 d_compare: yes no 42 d_compare: yes no no maybe
43 d_delete: no yes 43 d_delete: no yes no no
44 d_init: no no 44 d_init: no no yes no
45 d_release: no no 45 d_release: no no yes no
46 d_prune: no yes 46 d_prune: no yes no no
47 d_iput: no no 47 d_iput: no no yes no
48 d_dname: no no 48 d_dname: no no no no
49 d_automount: no no 49 d_automount: no no yes no
50 d_manage: no no 50 d_manage: no no yes (ref-walk) maybe
51 d_real no no 51 d_real no no yes no
52 ================== =========== ======== 52 ================== =========== ======== ============== ========
53 53
54 inode_operations 54 inode_operations
55 ================ 55 ================
56 56
57 prototypes:: 57 prototypes::
58 58
59 int (*create) (struct mnt_idmap *, str !! 59 int (*create) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t, bool);
60 struct dentry * (*lookup) (struct inod 60 struct dentry * (*lookup) (struct inode *,struct dentry *, unsigned int);
61 int (*link) (struct dentry *,struct in 61 int (*link) (struct dentry *,struct inode *,struct dentry *);
62 int (*unlink) (struct inode *,struct d 62 int (*unlink) (struct inode *,struct dentry *);
63 int (*symlink) (struct mnt_idmap *, st !! 63 int (*symlink) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,const char *);
64 int (*mkdir) (struct mnt_idmap *, stru !! 64 int (*mkdir) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t);
65 int (*rmdir) (struct inode *,struct de 65 int (*rmdir) (struct inode *,struct dentry *);
66 int (*mknod) (struct mnt_idmap *, stru !! 66 int (*mknod) (struct inode *,struct dentry *,umode_t,dev_t);
67 int (*rename) (struct mnt_idmap *, str !! 67 int (*rename) (struct inode *, struct dentry *,
68 struct inode *, struct 68 struct inode *, struct dentry *, unsigned int);
69 int (*readlink) (struct dentry *, char 69 int (*readlink) (struct dentry *, char __user *,int);
70 const char *(*get_link) (struct dentry 70 const char *(*get_link) (struct dentry *, struct inode *, struct delayed_call *);
71 void (*truncate) (struct inode *); 71 void (*truncate) (struct inode *);
72 int (*permission) (struct mnt_idmap *, !! 72 int (*permission) (struct inode *, int, unsigned int);
73 struct posix_acl * (*get_inode_acl)(st !! 73 struct posix_acl * (*get_acl)(struct inode *, int, bool);
74 int (*setattr) (struct mnt_idmap *, st !! 74 int (*setattr) (struct dentry *, struct iattr *);
75 int (*getattr) (struct mnt_idmap *, co !! 75 int (*getattr) (const struct path *, struct kstat *, u32, unsigned int);
76 ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, 76 ssize_t (*listxattr) (struct dentry *, char *, size_t);
77 int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct f 77 int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start, u64 len);
78 void (*update_time)(struct inode *, st 78 void (*update_time)(struct inode *, struct timespec *, int);
79 int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, str 79 int (*atomic_open)(struct inode *, struct dentry *,
80 struct file *, 80 struct file *, unsigned open_flag,
81 umode_t create 81 umode_t create_mode);
82 int (*tmpfile) (struct mnt_idmap *, st !! 82 int (*tmpfile) (struct user_namespace *, struct inode *,
83 struct file *, umode_t 83 struct file *, umode_t);
84 int (*fileattr_set)(struct mnt_idmap * !! 84 int (*fileattr_set)(struct user_namespace *mnt_userns,
85 struct dentry *den 85 struct dentry *dentry, struct fileattr *fa);
86 int (*fileattr_get)(struct dentry *den 86 int (*fileattr_get)(struct dentry *dentry, struct fileattr *fa);
87 struct posix_acl * (*get_acl)(struct m <<
88 struct offset_ctx *(*get_offset_ctx)(s <<
89 87
90 locking rules: 88 locking rules:
91 all may block 89 all may block
92 90
93 ============== ============================== !! 91 ============= =============================================
94 ops i_rwsem(inode) 92 ops i_rwsem(inode)
95 ============== ============================== !! 93 ============= =============================================
96 lookup: shared 94 lookup: shared
97 create: exclusive 95 create: exclusive
98 link: exclusive (both) 96 link: exclusive (both)
99 mknod: exclusive 97 mknod: exclusive
100 symlink: exclusive 98 symlink: exclusive
101 mkdir: exclusive 99 mkdir: exclusive
102 unlink: exclusive (both) 100 unlink: exclusive (both)
103 rmdir: exclusive (both)(see below) 101 rmdir: exclusive (both)(see below)
104 rename: exclusive (both parents, some 102 rename: exclusive (both parents, some children) (see below)
105 readlink: no 103 readlink: no
106 get_link: no 104 get_link: no
107 setattr: exclusive 105 setattr: exclusive
108 permission: no (may not block if called in 106 permission: no (may not block if called in rcu-walk mode)
109 get_inode_acl: no <<
110 get_acl: no 107 get_acl: no
111 getattr: no 108 getattr: no
112 listxattr: no 109 listxattr: no
113 fiemap: no 110 fiemap: no
114 update_time: no 111 update_time: no
115 atomic_open: shared (exclusive if O_CREAT i 112 atomic_open: shared (exclusive if O_CREAT is set in open flags)
116 tmpfile: no 113 tmpfile: no
117 fileattr_get: no or exclusive 114 fileattr_get: no or exclusive
118 fileattr_set: exclusive 115 fileattr_set: exclusive
119 get_offset_ctx no !! 116 ============= =============================================
120 ============== ============================== <<
121 117
122 118
123 Additionally, ->rmdir(), ->unlink() an 119 Additionally, ->rmdir(), ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_rwsem
124 exclusive on victim. 120 exclusive on victim.
125 cross-directory ->rename() has (per-su 121 cross-directory ->rename() has (per-superblock) ->s_vfs_rename_sem.
126 ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_rws 122 ->unlink() and ->rename() have ->i_rwsem exclusive on all non-directories
127 involved. 123 involved.
128 ->rename() has ->i_rwsem exclusive on 124 ->rename() has ->i_rwsem exclusive on any subdirectory that changes parent.
129 125
130 See Documentation/filesystems/directory-lockin 126 See Documentation/filesystems/directory-locking.rst for more detailed discussion
131 of the locking scheme for directory operations 127 of the locking scheme for directory operations.
132 128
133 xattr_handler operations 129 xattr_handler operations
134 ======================== 130 ========================
135 131
136 prototypes:: 132 prototypes::
137 133
138 bool (*list)(struct dentry *dentry); 134 bool (*list)(struct dentry *dentry);
139 int (*get)(const struct xattr_handler 135 int (*get)(const struct xattr_handler *handler, struct dentry *dentry,
140 struct inode *inode, const 136 struct inode *inode, const char *name, void *buffer,
141 size_t size); 137 size_t size);
142 int (*set)(const struct xattr_handler 138 int (*set)(const struct xattr_handler *handler,
143 struct mnt_idmap *idmap, !! 139 struct user_namespace *mnt_userns,
144 struct dentry *dentry, stru 140 struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode, const char *name,
145 const void *buffer, size_t 141 const void *buffer, size_t size, int flags);
146 142
147 locking rules: 143 locking rules:
148 all may block 144 all may block
149 145
150 ===== ============== 146 ===== ==============
151 ops i_rwsem(inode) 147 ops i_rwsem(inode)
152 ===== ============== 148 ===== ==============
153 list: no 149 list: no
154 get: no 150 get: no
155 set: exclusive 151 set: exclusive
156 ===== ============== 152 ===== ==============
157 153
158 super_operations 154 super_operations
159 ================ 155 ================
160 156
161 prototypes:: 157 prototypes::
162 158
163 struct inode *(*alloc_inode)(struct su 159 struct inode *(*alloc_inode)(struct super_block *sb);
164 void (*free_inode)(struct inode *); 160 void (*free_inode)(struct inode *);
165 void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *); 161 void (*destroy_inode)(struct inode *);
166 void (*dirty_inode) (struct inode *, i 162 void (*dirty_inode) (struct inode *, int flags);
167 int (*write_inode) (struct inode *, st 163 int (*write_inode) (struct inode *, struct writeback_control *wbc);
168 int (*drop_inode) (struct inode *); 164 int (*drop_inode) (struct inode *);
169 void (*evict_inode) (struct inode *); 165 void (*evict_inode) (struct inode *);
170 void (*put_super) (struct super_block 166 void (*put_super) (struct super_block *);
171 int (*sync_fs)(struct super_block *sb, 167 int (*sync_fs)(struct super_block *sb, int wait);
172 int (*freeze_fs) (struct super_block * 168 int (*freeze_fs) (struct super_block *);
173 int (*unfreeze_fs) (struct super_block 169 int (*unfreeze_fs) (struct super_block *);
174 int (*statfs) (struct dentry *, struct 170 int (*statfs) (struct dentry *, struct kstatfs *);
175 int (*remount_fs) (struct super_block 171 int (*remount_fs) (struct super_block *, int *, char *);
176 void (*umount_begin) (struct super_blo 172 void (*umount_begin) (struct super_block *);
177 int (*show_options)(struct seq_file *, 173 int (*show_options)(struct seq_file *, struct dentry *);
178 ssize_t (*quota_read)(struct super_blo 174 ssize_t (*quota_read)(struct super_block *, int, char *, size_t, loff_t);
179 ssize_t (*quota_write)(struct super_bl 175 ssize_t (*quota_write)(struct super_block *, int, const char *, size_t, loff_t);
180 176
181 locking rules: 177 locking rules:
182 All may block [not true, see below] 178 All may block [not true, see below]
183 179
184 ====================== ============ ====== 180 ====================== ============ ========================
185 ops s_umount note 181 ops s_umount note
186 ====================== ============ ====== 182 ====================== ============ ========================
187 alloc_inode: 183 alloc_inode:
188 free_inode: called 184 free_inode: called from RCU callback
189 destroy_inode: 185 destroy_inode:
190 dirty_inode: 186 dirty_inode:
191 write_inode: 187 write_inode:
192 drop_inode: !!!ino 188 drop_inode: !!!inode->i_lock!!!
193 evict_inode: 189 evict_inode:
194 put_super: write 190 put_super: write
195 sync_fs: read 191 sync_fs: read
196 freeze_fs: write 192 freeze_fs: write
197 unfreeze_fs: write 193 unfreeze_fs: write
198 statfs: maybe(read) (see b 194 statfs: maybe(read) (see below)
199 remount_fs: write 195 remount_fs: write
200 umount_begin: no 196 umount_begin: no
201 show_options: no (names 197 show_options: no (namespace_sem)
202 quota_read: no (see b 198 quota_read: no (see below)
203 quota_write: no (see b 199 quota_write: no (see below)
204 ====================== ============ ====== 200 ====================== ============ ========================
205 201
206 ->statfs() has s_umount (shared) when called b 202 ->statfs() has s_umount (shared) when called by ustat(2) (native or
207 compat), but that's an accident of bad API; s_ 203 compat), but that's an accident of bad API; s_umount is used to pin
208 the superblock down when we only have dev_t gi 204 the superblock down when we only have dev_t given us by userland to
209 identify the superblock. Everything else (sta 205 identify the superblock. Everything else (statfs(), fstatfs(), etc.)
210 doesn't hold it when calling ->statfs() - supe 206 doesn't hold it when calling ->statfs() - superblock is pinned down
211 by resolving the pathname passed to syscall. 207 by resolving the pathname passed to syscall.
212 208
213 ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() functions a 209 ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() functions are both guaranteed to
214 be the only ones operating on the quota file b 210 be the only ones operating on the quota file by the quota code (via
215 dqio_sem) (unless an admin really wants to scr 211 dqio_sem) (unless an admin really wants to screw up something and
216 writes to quota files with quotas on). For oth 212 writes to quota files with quotas on). For other details about locking
217 see also dquot_operations section. 213 see also dquot_operations section.
218 214
219 file_system_type 215 file_system_type
220 ================ 216 ================
221 217
222 prototypes:: 218 prototypes::
223 219
224 struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_s 220 struct dentry *(*mount) (struct file_system_type *, int,
225 const char *, void *); 221 const char *, void *);
226 void (*kill_sb) (struct super_block *) 222 void (*kill_sb) (struct super_block *);
227 223
228 locking rules: 224 locking rules:
229 225
230 ======= ========= 226 ======= =========
231 ops may block 227 ops may block
232 ======= ========= 228 ======= =========
233 mount yes 229 mount yes
234 kill_sb yes 230 kill_sb yes
235 ======= ========= 231 ======= =========
236 232
237 ->mount() returns ERR_PTR or the root dentry; 233 ->mount() returns ERR_PTR or the root dentry; its superblock should be locked
238 on return. 234 on return.
239 235
240 ->kill_sb() takes a write-locked superblock, d 236 ->kill_sb() takes a write-locked superblock, does all shutdown work on it,
241 unlocks and drops the reference. 237 unlocks and drops the reference.
242 238
243 address_space_operations 239 address_space_operations
244 ======================== 240 ========================
245 prototypes:: 241 prototypes::
246 242
247 int (*writepage)(struct page *page, st 243 int (*writepage)(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc);
248 int (*read_folio)(struct file *, struc 244 int (*read_folio)(struct file *, struct folio *);
249 int (*writepages)(struct address_space 245 int (*writepages)(struct address_space *, struct writeback_control *);
250 bool (*dirty_folio)(struct address_spa 246 bool (*dirty_folio)(struct address_space *, struct folio *folio);
251 void (*readahead)(struct readahead_con 247 void (*readahead)(struct readahead_control *);
252 int (*write_begin)(struct file *, stru 248 int (*write_begin)(struct file *, struct address_space *mapping,
253 loff_t pos, un 249 loff_t pos, unsigned len,
254 struct folio * !! 250 struct page **pagep, void **fsdata);
255 int (*write_end)(struct file *, struct 251 int (*write_end)(struct file *, struct address_space *mapping,
256 loff_t pos, un 252 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
257 struct folio * !! 253 struct page *page, void *fsdata);
258 sector_t (*bmap)(struct address_space 254 sector_t (*bmap)(struct address_space *, sector_t);
259 void (*invalidate_folio) (struct folio 255 void (*invalidate_folio) (struct folio *, size_t start, size_t len);
260 bool (*release_folio)(struct folio *, 256 bool (*release_folio)(struct folio *, gfp_t);
261 void (*free_folio)(struct folio *); 257 void (*free_folio)(struct folio *);
262 int (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struc 258 int (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter);
263 int (*migrate_folio)(struct address_sp 259 int (*migrate_folio)(struct address_space *, struct folio *dst,
264 struct folio *src, enu 260 struct folio *src, enum migrate_mode);
265 int (*launder_folio)(struct folio *); 261 int (*launder_folio)(struct folio *);
266 bool (*is_partially_uptodate)(struct f 262 bool (*is_partially_uptodate)(struct folio *, size_t from, size_t count);
267 int (*error_remove_folio)(struct addre !! 263 int (*error_remove_page)(struct address_space *, struct page *);
268 int (*swap_activate)(struct swap_info_ 264 int (*swap_activate)(struct swap_info_struct *sis, struct file *f, sector_t *span)
269 int (*swap_deactivate)(struct file *); 265 int (*swap_deactivate)(struct file *);
270 int (*swap_rw)(struct kiocb *iocb, str 266 int (*swap_rw)(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter);
271 267
272 locking rules: 268 locking rules:
273 All except dirty_folio and free_folio 269 All except dirty_folio and free_folio may block
274 270
275 ====================== ====================== 271 ====================== ======================== ========= ===============
276 ops folio locked 272 ops folio locked i_rwsem invalidate_lock
277 ====================== ====================== 273 ====================== ======================== ========= ===============
278 writepage: yes, unlocks (see belo 274 writepage: yes, unlocks (see below)
279 read_folio: yes, unlocks 275 read_folio: yes, unlocks shared
280 writepages: 276 writepages:
281 dirty_folio: maybe 277 dirty_folio: maybe
282 readahead: yes, unlocks 278 readahead: yes, unlocks shared
283 write_begin: locks the folio !! 279 write_begin: locks the page exclusive
284 write_end: yes, unlocks 280 write_end: yes, unlocks exclusive
285 bmap: 281 bmap:
286 invalidate_folio: yes 282 invalidate_folio: yes exclusive
287 release_folio: yes 283 release_folio: yes
288 free_folio: yes 284 free_folio: yes
289 direct_IO: 285 direct_IO:
290 migrate_folio: yes (both) 286 migrate_folio: yes (both)
291 launder_folio: yes 287 launder_folio: yes
292 is_partially_uptodate: yes 288 is_partially_uptodate: yes
293 error_remove_folio: yes !! 289 error_remove_page: yes
294 swap_activate: no 290 swap_activate: no
295 swap_deactivate: no 291 swap_deactivate: no
296 swap_rw: yes, unlocks 292 swap_rw: yes, unlocks
297 ====================== ====================== 293 ====================== ======================== ========= ===============
298 294
299 ->write_begin(), ->write_end() and ->read_foli 295 ->write_begin(), ->write_end() and ->read_folio() may be called from
300 the request handler (/dev/loop). 296 the request handler (/dev/loop).
301 297
302 ->read_folio() unlocks the folio, either synch 298 ->read_folio() unlocks the folio, either synchronously or via I/O
303 completion. 299 completion.
304 300
305 ->readahead() unlocks the folios that I/O is a 301 ->readahead() unlocks the folios that I/O is attempted on like ->read_folio().
306 302
307 ->writepage() is used for two purposes: for "m 303 ->writepage() is used for two purposes: for "memory cleansing" and for
308 "sync". These are quite different operations 304 "sync". These are quite different operations and the behaviour may differ
309 depending upon the mode. 305 depending upon the mode.
310 306
311 If writepage is called for sync (wbc->sync_mod 307 If writepage is called for sync (wbc->sync_mode != WBC_SYNC_NONE) then
312 it *must* start I/O against the page, even if 308 it *must* start I/O against the page, even if that would involve
313 blocking on in-progress I/O. 309 blocking on in-progress I/O.
314 310
315 If writepage is called for memory cleansing (s 311 If writepage is called for memory cleansing (sync_mode ==
316 WBC_SYNC_NONE) then its role is to get as much 312 WBC_SYNC_NONE) then its role is to get as much writeout underway as
317 possible. So writepage should try to avoid bl 313 possible. So writepage should try to avoid blocking against
318 currently-in-progress I/O. 314 currently-in-progress I/O.
319 315
320 If the filesystem is not called for "sync" and 316 If the filesystem is not called for "sync" and it determines that it
321 would need to block against in-progress I/O to 317 would need to block against in-progress I/O to be able to start new I/O
322 against the page the filesystem should redirty 318 against the page the filesystem should redirty the page with
323 redirty_page_for_writepage(), then unlock the 319 redirty_page_for_writepage(), then unlock the page and return zero.
324 This may also be done to avoid internal deadlo 320 This may also be done to avoid internal deadlocks, but rarely.
325 321
326 If the filesystem is called for sync then it m 322 If the filesystem is called for sync then it must wait on any
327 in-progress I/O and then start new I/O. 323 in-progress I/O and then start new I/O.
328 324
329 The filesystem should unlock the page synchron 325 The filesystem should unlock the page synchronously, before returning to the
330 caller, unless ->writepage() returns special W 326 caller, unless ->writepage() returns special WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE
331 value. WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE means that page cann 327 value. WRITEPAGE_ACTIVATE means that page cannot really be written out
332 currently, and VM should stop calling ->writep 328 currently, and VM should stop calling ->writepage() on this page for some
333 time. VM does this by moving page to the head 329 time. VM does this by moving page to the head of the active list, hence the
334 name. 330 name.
335 331
336 Unless the filesystem is going to redirty_page 332 Unless the filesystem is going to redirty_page_for_writepage(), unlock the page
337 and return zero, writepage *must* run set_page 333 and return zero, writepage *must* run set_page_writeback() against the page,
338 followed by unlocking it. Once set_page_write 334 followed by unlocking it. Once set_page_writeback() has been run against the
339 page, write I/O can be submitted and the write 335 page, write I/O can be submitted and the write I/O completion handler must run
340 end_page_writeback() once the I/O is complete. 336 end_page_writeback() once the I/O is complete. If no I/O is submitted, the
341 filesystem must run end_page_writeback() again 337 filesystem must run end_page_writeback() against the page before returning from
342 writepage. 338 writepage.
343 339
344 That is: after 2.5.12, pages which are under w 340 That is: after 2.5.12, pages which are under writeout are *not* locked. Note,
345 if the filesystem needs the page to be locked 341 if the filesystem needs the page to be locked during writeout, that is ok, too,
346 the page is allowed to be unlocked at any poin 342 the page is allowed to be unlocked at any point in time between the calls to
347 set_page_writeback() and end_page_writeback(). 343 set_page_writeback() and end_page_writeback().
348 344
349 Note, failure to run either redirty_page_for_w 345 Note, failure to run either redirty_page_for_writepage() or the combination of
350 set_page_writeback()/end_page_writeback() on a 346 set_page_writeback()/end_page_writeback() on a page submitted to writepage
351 will leave the page itself marked clean but it 347 will leave the page itself marked clean but it will be tagged as dirty in the
352 radix tree. This incoherency can lead to all 348 radix tree. This incoherency can lead to all sorts of hard-to-debug problems
353 in the filesystem like having dirty inodes at 349 in the filesystem like having dirty inodes at umount and losing written data.
354 350
355 ->writepages() is used for periodic writeback 351 ->writepages() is used for periodic writeback and for syscall-initiated
356 sync operations. The address_space should sta 352 sync operations. The address_space should start I/O against at least
357 ``*nr_to_write`` pages. ``*nr_to_write`` must 353 ``*nr_to_write`` pages. ``*nr_to_write`` must be decremented for each page
358 which is written. The address_space implement 354 which is written. The address_space implementation may write more (or less)
359 pages than ``*nr_to_write`` asks for, but it s 355 pages than ``*nr_to_write`` asks for, but it should try to be reasonably close.
360 If nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must b 356 If nr_to_write is NULL, all dirty pages must be written.
361 357
362 writepages should _only_ write pages which are 358 writepages should _only_ write pages which are present on
363 mapping->io_pages. 359 mapping->io_pages.
364 360
365 ->dirty_folio() is called from various places 361 ->dirty_folio() is called from various places in the kernel when
366 the target folio is marked as needing writebac 362 the target folio is marked as needing writeback. The folio cannot be
367 truncated because either the caller holds the 363 truncated because either the caller holds the folio lock, or the caller
368 has found the folio while holding the page tab 364 has found the folio while holding the page table lock which will block
369 truncation. 365 truncation.
370 366
371 ->bmap() is currently used by legacy ioctl() ( 367 ->bmap() is currently used by legacy ioctl() (FIBMAP) provided by some
372 filesystems and by the swapper. The latter wil 368 filesystems and by the swapper. The latter will eventually go away. Please,
373 keep it that way and don't breed new callers. 369 keep it that way and don't breed new callers.
374 370
375 ->invalidate_folio() is called when the filesy 371 ->invalidate_folio() is called when the filesystem must attempt to drop
376 some or all of the buffers from the page when 372 some or all of the buffers from the page when it is being truncated. It
377 returns zero on success. The filesystem must 373 returns zero on success. The filesystem must exclusively acquire
378 invalidate_lock before invalidating page cache 374 invalidate_lock before invalidating page cache in truncate / hole punch
379 path (and thus calling into ->invalidate_folio 375 path (and thus calling into ->invalidate_folio) to block races between page
380 cache invalidation and page cache filling func 376 cache invalidation and page cache filling functions (fault, read, ...).
381 377
382 ->release_folio() is called when the MM wants !! 378 ->release_folio() is called when the kernel is about to try to drop the
383 folio that would invalidate the filesystem's p !! 379 buffers from the folio in preparation for freeing it. It returns false to
384 it may be about to be removed from the address !! 380 indicate that the buffers are (or may be) freeable. If ->release_folio is
385 is locked and not under writeback. It may be !! 381 NULL, the kernel assumes that the fs has no private interest in the buffers.
386 is not usually used for allocation, but rather <<
387 filesystem may do to attempt to free the priva <<
388 return false to indicate that the folio's priv <<
389 If it returns true, it should have already rem <<
390 the folio. If a filesystem does not provide a <<
391 the pagecache will assume that private data is <<
392 try_to_free_buffers(). <<
393 382
394 ->free_folio() is called when the kernel has d 383 ->free_folio() is called when the kernel has dropped the folio
395 from the page cache. 384 from the page cache.
396 385
397 ->launder_folio() may be called prior to relea 386 ->launder_folio() may be called prior to releasing a folio if
398 it is still found to be dirty. It returns zero 387 it is still found to be dirty. It returns zero if the folio was successfully
399 cleaned, or an error value if not. Note that i 388 cleaned, or an error value if not. Note that in order to prevent the folio
400 getting mapped back in and redirtied, it needs 389 getting mapped back in and redirtied, it needs to be kept locked
401 across the entire operation. 390 across the entire operation.
402 391
403 ->swap_activate() will be called to prepare th 392 ->swap_activate() will be called to prepare the given file for swap. It
404 should perform any validation and preparation 393 should perform any validation and preparation necessary to ensure that
405 writes can be performed with minimal memory al 394 writes can be performed with minimal memory allocation. It should call
406 add_swap_extent(), or the helper iomap_swapfil 395 add_swap_extent(), or the helper iomap_swapfile_activate(), and return
407 the number of extents added. If IO should be 396 the number of extents added. If IO should be submitted through
408 ->swap_rw(), it should set SWP_FS_OPS, otherwi 397 ->swap_rw(), it should set SWP_FS_OPS, otherwise IO will be submitted
409 directly to the block device ``sis->bdev``. 398 directly to the block device ``sis->bdev``.
410 399
411 ->swap_deactivate() will be called in the sys_ 400 ->swap_deactivate() will be called in the sys_swapoff()
412 path after ->swap_activate() returned success. 401 path after ->swap_activate() returned success.
413 402
414 ->swap_rw will be called for swap IO if SWP_FS 403 ->swap_rw will be called for swap IO if SWP_FS_OPS was set by ->swap_activate().
415 404
416 file_lock_operations 405 file_lock_operations
417 ==================== 406 ====================
418 407
419 prototypes:: 408 prototypes::
420 409
421 void (*fl_copy_lock)(struct file_lock 410 void (*fl_copy_lock)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *);
422 void (*fl_release_private)(struct file 411 void (*fl_release_private)(struct file_lock *);
423 412
424 413
425 locking rules: 414 locking rules:
426 415
427 =================== ============= ====== 416 =================== ============= =========
428 ops inode->i_lock may bl 417 ops inode->i_lock may block
429 =================== ============= ====== 418 =================== ============= =========
430 fl_copy_lock: yes no 419 fl_copy_lock: yes no
431 fl_release_private: maybe maybe[ 420 fl_release_private: maybe maybe[1]_
432 =================== ============= ====== 421 =================== ============= =========
433 422
434 .. [1]: 423 .. [1]:
435 ->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX loc 424 ->fl_release_private for flock or POSIX locks is currently allowed
436 to block. Leases however can still be freed 425 to block. Leases however can still be freed while the i_lock is held and
437 so fl_release_private called on a lease sho 426 so fl_release_private called on a lease should not block.
438 427
439 lock_manager_operations 428 lock_manager_operations
440 ======================= 429 =======================
441 430
442 prototypes:: 431 prototypes::
443 432
444 void (*lm_notify)(struct file_lock *); 433 void (*lm_notify)(struct file_lock *); /* unblock callback */
445 int (*lm_grant)(struct file_lock *, st 434 int (*lm_grant)(struct file_lock *, struct file_lock *, int);
446 void (*lm_break)(struct file_lock *); 435 void (*lm_break)(struct file_lock *); /* break_lease callback */
447 int (*lm_change)(struct file_lock **, 436 int (*lm_change)(struct file_lock **, int);
448 bool (*lm_breaker_owns_lease)(struct f 437 bool (*lm_breaker_owns_lease)(struct file_lock *);
449 bool (*lm_lock_expirable)(struct file_ 438 bool (*lm_lock_expirable)(struct file_lock *);
450 void (*lm_expire_lock)(void); 439 void (*lm_expire_lock)(void);
451 440
452 locking rules: 441 locking rules:
453 442
454 ====================== ============= ====== 443 ====================== ============= ================= =========
455 ops flc_lock blocke 444 ops flc_lock blocked_lock_lock may block
456 ====================== ============= ====== 445 ====================== ============= ================= =========
457 lm_notify: no yes 446 lm_notify: no yes no
458 lm_grant: no no 447 lm_grant: no no no
459 lm_break: yes no 448 lm_break: yes no no
460 lm_change yes no 449 lm_change yes no no
461 lm_breaker_owns_lease: yes no 450 lm_breaker_owns_lease: yes no no
462 lm_lock_expirable yes no 451 lm_lock_expirable yes no no
463 lm_expire_lock no no 452 lm_expire_lock no no yes
464 ====================== ============= ====== 453 ====================== ============= ================= =========
465 454
466 buffer_head 455 buffer_head
467 =========== 456 ===========
468 457
469 prototypes:: 458 prototypes::
470 459
471 void (*b_end_io)(struct buffer_head *b 460 void (*b_end_io)(struct buffer_head *bh, int uptodate);
472 461
473 locking rules: 462 locking rules:
474 463
475 called from interrupts. In other words, extrem 464 called from interrupts. In other words, extreme care is needed here.
476 bh is locked, but that's all warranties we hav 465 bh is locked, but that's all warranties we have here. Currently only RAID1,
477 highmem, fs/buffer.c, and fs/ntfs/aops.c are p 466 highmem, fs/buffer.c, and fs/ntfs/aops.c are providing these. Block devices
478 call this method upon the IO completion. 467 call this method upon the IO completion.
479 468
480 block_device_operations 469 block_device_operations
481 ======================= 470 =======================
482 prototypes:: 471 prototypes::
483 472
484 int (*open) (struct block_device *, fm 473 int (*open) (struct block_device *, fmode_t);
485 int (*release) (struct gendisk *, fmod 474 int (*release) (struct gendisk *, fmode_t);
486 int (*ioctl) (struct block_device *, f 475 int (*ioctl) (struct block_device *, fmode_t, unsigned, unsigned long);
487 int (*compat_ioctl) (struct block_devi 476 int (*compat_ioctl) (struct block_device *, fmode_t, unsigned, unsigned long);
488 int (*direct_access) (struct block_dev 477 int (*direct_access) (struct block_device *, sector_t, void **,
489 unsigned long 478 unsigned long *);
490 void (*unlock_native_capacity) (struct 479 void (*unlock_native_capacity) (struct gendisk *);
491 int (*getgeo)(struct block_device *, s 480 int (*getgeo)(struct block_device *, struct hd_geometry *);
492 void (*swap_slot_free_notify) (struct 481 void (*swap_slot_free_notify) (struct block_device *, unsigned long);
493 482
494 locking rules: 483 locking rules:
495 484
496 ======================= =================== 485 ======================= ===================
497 ops open_mutex 486 ops open_mutex
498 ======================= =================== 487 ======================= ===================
499 open: yes 488 open: yes
500 release: yes 489 release: yes
501 ioctl: no 490 ioctl: no
502 compat_ioctl: no 491 compat_ioctl: no
503 direct_access: no 492 direct_access: no
504 unlock_native_capacity: no 493 unlock_native_capacity: no
505 getgeo: no 494 getgeo: no
506 swap_slot_free_notify: no (see below) 495 swap_slot_free_notify: no (see below)
507 ======================= =================== 496 ======================= ===================
508 497
509 swap_slot_free_notify is called with swap_lock 498 swap_slot_free_notify is called with swap_lock and sometimes the page lock
510 held. 499 held.
511 500
512 501
513 file_operations 502 file_operations
514 =============== 503 ===============
515 504
516 prototypes:: 505 prototypes::
517 506
518 loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_ 507 loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
519 ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char _ 508 ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
520 ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const 509 ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
521 ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, 510 ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
522 ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, 511 ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
523 int (*iopoll) (struct kiocb *kiocb, bo 512 int (*iopoll) (struct kiocb *kiocb, bool spin);
>> 513 int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
524 int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, 514 int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
525 __poll_t (*poll) (struct file *, struc 515 __poll_t (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
526 long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, 516 long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
527 long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, u 517 long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
528 int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_ 518 int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
529 int (*open) (struct inode *, struct fi 519 int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
530 int (*flush) (struct file *); 520 int (*flush) (struct file *);
531 int (*release) (struct inode *, struct 521 int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
532 int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t st 522 int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync);
533 int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int 523 int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
534 int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struc 524 int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
>> 525 ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t,
>> 526 loff_t *, int);
535 unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(str 527 unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long,
536 unsigned long, unsigne 528 unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
537 int (*check_flags)(int); 529 int (*check_flags)(int);
538 int (*flock) (struct file *, int, stru 530 int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
539 ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_in 531 ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *,
540 size_t, unsigned int); 532 size_t, unsigned int);
541 ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, 533 ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *,
542 size_t, unsigned int); 534 size_t, unsigned int);
543 int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, s 535 int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
544 long (*fallocate)(struct file *, int, 536 long (*fallocate)(struct file *, int, loff_t, loff_t);
545 void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m 537 void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
546 unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct f 538 unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
547 ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file 539 ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *,
548 loff_t, size_t, unsign 540 loff_t, size_t, unsigned int);
549 loff_t (*remap_file_range)(struct file 541 loff_t (*remap_file_range)(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
550 struct file *file_out, 542 struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
551 loff_t len, unsigned i 543 loff_t len, unsigned int remap_flags);
552 int (*fadvise)(struct file *, loff_t, 544 int (*fadvise)(struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int);
553 545
554 locking rules: 546 locking rules:
555 All may block. 547 All may block.
556 548
557 ->llseek() locking has moved from llseek to th 549 ->llseek() locking has moved from llseek to the individual llseek
558 implementations. If your fs is not using gene 550 implementations. If your fs is not using generic_file_llseek, you
559 need to acquire and release the appropriate lo 551 need to acquire and release the appropriate locks in your ->llseek().
560 For many filesystems, it is probably safe to a 552 For many filesystems, it is probably safe to acquire the inode
561 mutex or just to use i_size_read() instead. 553 mutex or just to use i_size_read() instead.
562 Note: this does not protect the file->f_pos ag 554 Note: this does not protect the file->f_pos against concurrent modifications
563 since this is something the userspace has to t 555 since this is something the userspace has to take care about.
564 556
565 ->iterate_shared() is called with i_rwsem held !! 557 ->iterate() is called with i_rwsem exclusive.
566 file f_pos_lock held exclusively !! 558
>> 559 ->iterate_shared() is called with i_rwsem at least shared.
567 560
568 ->fasync() is responsible for maintaining the 561 ->fasync() is responsible for maintaining the FASYNC bit in filp->f_flags.
569 Most instances call fasync_helper(), which doe 562 Most instances call fasync_helper(), which does that maintenance, so it's
570 not normally something one needs to worry abou 563 not normally something one needs to worry about. Return values > 0 will be
571 mapped to zero in the VFS layer. 564 mapped to zero in the VFS layer.
572 565
573 ->readdir() and ->ioctl() on directories must 566 ->readdir() and ->ioctl() on directories must be changed. Ideally we would
574 move ->readdir() to inode_operations and use a 567 move ->readdir() to inode_operations and use a separate method for directory
575 ->ioctl() or kill the latter completely. One o 568 ->ioctl() or kill the latter completely. One of the problems is that for
576 anything that resembles union-mount we won't h 569 anything that resembles union-mount we won't have a struct file for all
577 components. And there are other reasons why th 570 components. And there are other reasons why the current interface is a mess...
578 571
579 ->read on directories probably must go away - 572 ->read on directories probably must go away - we should just enforce -EISDIR
580 in sys_read() and friends. 573 in sys_read() and friends.
581 574
582 ->setlease operations should call generic_setl 575 ->setlease operations should call generic_setlease() before or after setting
583 the lease within the individual filesystem to 576 the lease within the individual filesystem to record the result of the
584 operation 577 operation
585 578
586 ->fallocate implementation must be really care 579 ->fallocate implementation must be really careful to maintain page cache
587 consistency when punching holes or performing 580 consistency when punching holes or performing other operations that invalidate
588 page cache contents. Usually the filesystem ne 581 page cache contents. Usually the filesystem needs to call
589 truncate_inode_pages_range() to invalidate rel 582 truncate_inode_pages_range() to invalidate relevant range of the page cache.
590 However the filesystem usually also needs to u 583 However the filesystem usually also needs to update its internal (and on disk)
591 view of file offset -> disk block mapping. Unt 584 view of file offset -> disk block mapping. Until this update is finished, the
592 filesystem needs to block page faults and read 585 filesystem needs to block page faults and reads from reloading now-stale page
593 cache contents from the disk. Since VFS acquir 586 cache contents from the disk. Since VFS acquires mapping->invalidate_lock in
594 shared mode when loading pages from disk (file 587 shared mode when loading pages from disk (filemap_fault(), filemap_read(),
595 readahead paths), the fallocate implementation 588 readahead paths), the fallocate implementation must take the invalidate_lock to
596 prevent reloading. 589 prevent reloading.
597 590
598 ->copy_file_range and ->remap_file_range imple 591 ->copy_file_range and ->remap_file_range implementations need to serialize
599 against modifications of file data while the o 592 against modifications of file data while the operation is running. For
600 blocking changes through write(2) and similar 593 blocking changes through write(2) and similar operations inode->i_rwsem can be
601 used. To block changes to file contents via a 594 used. To block changes to file contents via a memory mapping during the
602 operation, the filesystem must take mapping->i 595 operation, the filesystem must take mapping->invalidate_lock to coordinate
603 with ->page_mkwrite. 596 with ->page_mkwrite.
604 597
605 dquot_operations 598 dquot_operations
606 ================ 599 ================
607 600
608 prototypes:: 601 prototypes::
609 602
610 int (*write_dquot) (struct dquot *); 603 int (*write_dquot) (struct dquot *);
611 int (*acquire_dquot) (struct dquot *); 604 int (*acquire_dquot) (struct dquot *);
612 int (*release_dquot) (struct dquot *); 605 int (*release_dquot) (struct dquot *);
613 int (*mark_dirty) (struct dquot *); 606 int (*mark_dirty) (struct dquot *);
614 int (*write_info) (struct super_block 607 int (*write_info) (struct super_block *, int);
615 608
616 These operations are intended to be more or le 609 These operations are intended to be more or less wrapping functions that ensure
617 a proper locking wrt the filesystem and call t 610 a proper locking wrt the filesystem and call the generic quota operations.
618 611
619 What filesystem should expect from the generic 612 What filesystem should expect from the generic quota functions:
620 613
621 ============== ============ ============== 614 ============== ============ =========================
622 ops FS recursion Held locks whe 615 ops FS recursion Held locks when called
623 ============== ============ ============== 616 ============== ============ =========================
624 write_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or 617 write_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
625 acquire_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or 618 acquire_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
626 release_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or 619 release_dquot: yes dqonoff_sem or dqptr_sem
627 mark_dirty: no - 620 mark_dirty: no -
628 write_info: yes dqonoff_sem 621 write_info: yes dqonoff_sem
629 ============== ============ ============== 622 ============== ============ =========================
630 623
631 FS recursion means calling ->quota_read() and 624 FS recursion means calling ->quota_read() and ->quota_write() from superblock
632 operations. 625 operations.
633 626
634 More details about quota locking can be found 627 More details about quota locking can be found in fs/dquot.c.
635 628
636 vm_operations_struct 629 vm_operations_struct
637 ==================== 630 ====================
638 631
639 prototypes:: 632 prototypes::
640 633
641 void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct *); !! 634 void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct*);
642 void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct *) !! 635 void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct*);
643 vm_fault_t (*fault)(struct vm_fault *) !! 636 vm_fault_t (*fault)(struct vm_area_struct*, struct vm_fault *);
644 vm_fault_t (*huge_fault)(struct vm_fau <<
645 vm_fault_t (*map_pages)(struct vm_faul <<
646 vm_fault_t (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_a 637 vm_fault_t (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_fault *);
647 vm_fault_t (*pfn_mkwrite)(struct vm_ar 638 vm_fault_t (*pfn_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_fault *);
648 int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *, 639 int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long, void*, int, int);
649 640
650 locking rules: 641 locking rules:
651 642
652 ============= ========== ============== !! 643 ============= ========= ===========================
653 ops mmap_lock PageLocked(pag 644 ops mmap_lock PageLocked(page)
654 ============= ========== ============== !! 645 ============= ========= ===========================
655 open: write !! 646 open: yes
656 close: read/write !! 647 close: yes
657 fault: read can return wit !! 648 fault: yes can return with page locked
658 huge_fault: maybe-read !! 649 map_pages: yes
659 map_pages: maybe-read !! 650 page_mkwrite: yes can return with page locked
660 page_mkwrite: read can return wit !! 651 pfn_mkwrite: yes
661 pfn_mkwrite: read !! 652 access: yes
662 access: read !! 653 ============= ========= ===========================
663 ============= ========== ============== <<
664 654
665 ->fault() is called when a previously not pres 655 ->fault() is called when a previously not present pte is about to be faulted
666 in. The filesystem must find and return the pa 656 in. The filesystem must find and return the page associated with the passed in
667 "pgoff" in the vm_fault structure. If it is po 657 "pgoff" in the vm_fault structure. If it is possible that the page may be
668 truncated and/or invalidated, then the filesys 658 truncated and/or invalidated, then the filesystem must lock invalidate_lock,
669 then ensure the page is not already truncated 659 then ensure the page is not already truncated (invalidate_lock will block
670 subsequent truncate), and then return with VM_ 660 subsequent truncate), and then return with VM_FAULT_LOCKED, and the page
671 locked. The VM will unlock the page. 661 locked. The VM will unlock the page.
672 662
673 ->huge_fault() is called when there is no PUD <<
674 gives the filesystem the opportunity to instal <<
675 Filesystems can also use the ->fault method to <<
676 so implementing this function may not be neces <<
677 filesystems should not call filemap_fault() fr <<
678 The mmap_lock may not be held when this method <<
679 <<
680 ->map_pages() is called when VM asks to map ea 663 ->map_pages() is called when VM asks to map easy accessible pages.
681 Filesystem should find and map pages associate 664 Filesystem should find and map pages associated with offsets from "start_pgoff"
682 till "end_pgoff". ->map_pages() is called with !! 665 till "end_pgoff". ->map_pages() is called with page table locked and must
683 not block. If it's not possible to reach a pa 666 not block. If it's not possible to reach a page without blocking,
684 filesystem should skip it. Filesystem should u !! 667 filesystem should skip it. Filesystem should use do_set_pte() to setup
685 page table entry. Pointer to entry associated 668 page table entry. Pointer to entry associated with the page is passed in
686 "pte" field in vm_fault structure. Pointers to 669 "pte" field in vm_fault structure. Pointers to entries for other offsets
687 should be calculated relative to "pte". 670 should be calculated relative to "pte".
688 671
689 ->page_mkwrite() is called when a previously r 672 ->page_mkwrite() is called when a previously read-only pte is about to become
690 writeable. The filesystem again must ensure th 673 writeable. The filesystem again must ensure that there are no
691 truncate/invalidate races or races with operat 674 truncate/invalidate races or races with operations such as ->remap_file_range
692 or ->copy_file_range, and then return with the 675 or ->copy_file_range, and then return with the page locked. Usually
693 mapping->invalidate_lock is suitable for prope 676 mapping->invalidate_lock is suitable for proper serialization. If the page has
694 been truncated, the filesystem should not look 677 been truncated, the filesystem should not look up a new page like the ->fault()
695 handler, but simply return with VM_FAULT_NOPAG 678 handler, but simply return with VM_FAULT_NOPAGE, which will cause the VM to
696 retry the fault. 679 retry the fault.
697 680
698 ->pfn_mkwrite() is the same as page_mkwrite bu 681 ->pfn_mkwrite() is the same as page_mkwrite but when the pte is
699 VM_PFNMAP or VM_MIXEDMAP with a page-less entr 682 VM_PFNMAP or VM_MIXEDMAP with a page-less entry. Expected return is
700 VM_FAULT_NOPAGE. Or one of the VM_FAULT_ERROR 683 VM_FAULT_NOPAGE. Or one of the VM_FAULT_ERROR types. The default behavior
701 after this call is to make the pte read-write, 684 after this call is to make the pte read-write, unless pfn_mkwrite returns
702 an error. 685 an error.
703 686
704 ->access() is called when get_user_pages() fai 687 ->access() is called when get_user_pages() fails in
705 access_process_vm(), typically used to debug a 688 access_process_vm(), typically used to debug a process through
706 /proc/pid/mem or ptrace. This function is nee 689 /proc/pid/mem or ptrace. This function is needed only for
707 VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMAs. 690 VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP VMAs.
708 691
709 ---------------------------------------------- 692 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
710 693
711 Dubious stuff 694 Dubious stuff
712 695
713 (if you break something or notice that it is b 696 (if you break something or notice that it is broken and do not fix it yourself
714 - at least put it here) 697 - at least put it here)
Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.
TOMOYO® is a registered trademark of NTT DATA CORPORATION.