1 ==================== 1 ====================
2 Changes since 2.5.0: 2 Changes since 2.5.0:
3 ==================== 3 ====================
4 4
5 --- 5 ---
6 6
7 **recommended** 7 **recommended**
8 8
9 New helpers: sb_bread(), sb_getblk(), sb_find_ 9 New helpers: sb_bread(), sb_getblk(), sb_find_get_block(), set_bh(),
10 sb_set_blocksize() and sb_min_blocksize(). 10 sb_set_blocksize() and sb_min_blocksize().
11 11
12 Use them. 12 Use them.
13 13
14 (sb_find_get_block() replaces 2.4's get_hash_t 14 (sb_find_get_block() replaces 2.4's get_hash_table())
15 15
16 --- 16 ---
17 17
18 **recommended** 18 **recommended**
19 19
20 New methods: ->alloc_inode() and ->destroy_ino 20 New methods: ->alloc_inode() and ->destroy_inode().
21 21
22 Remove inode->u.foo_inode_i 22 Remove inode->u.foo_inode_i
23 23
24 Declare:: 24 Declare::
25 25
26 struct foo_inode_info { 26 struct foo_inode_info {
27 /* fs-private stuff */ 27 /* fs-private stuff */
28 struct inode vfs_inode; 28 struct inode vfs_inode;
29 }; 29 };
30 static inline struct foo_inode_info *F 30 static inline struct foo_inode_info *FOO_I(struct inode *inode)
31 { 31 {
32 return list_entry(inode, struc 32 return list_entry(inode, struct foo_inode_info, vfs_inode);
33 } 33 }
34 34
35 Use FOO_I(inode) instead of &inode->u.foo_inod 35 Use FOO_I(inode) instead of &inode->u.foo_inode_i;
36 36
37 Add foo_alloc_inode() and foo_destroy_inode() 37 Add foo_alloc_inode() and foo_destroy_inode() - the former should allocate
38 foo_inode_info and return the address of ->vfs 38 foo_inode_info and return the address of ->vfs_inode, the latter should free
39 FOO_I(inode) (see in-tree filesystems for exam 39 FOO_I(inode) (see in-tree filesystems for examples).
40 40
41 Make them ->alloc_inode and ->destroy_inode in 41 Make them ->alloc_inode and ->destroy_inode in your super_operations.
42 42
43 Keep in mind that now you need explicit initia 43 Keep in mind that now you need explicit initialization of private data
44 typically between calling iget_locked() and un 44 typically between calling iget_locked() and unlocking the inode.
45 45
46 At some point that will become mandatory. 46 At some point that will become mandatory.
47 47
48 **mandatory** 48 **mandatory**
49 49
50 The foo_inode_info should always be allocated 50 The foo_inode_info should always be allocated through alloc_inode_sb() rather
51 than kmem_cache_alloc() or kmalloc() related t 51 than kmem_cache_alloc() or kmalloc() related to set up the inode reclaim context
52 correctly. 52 correctly.
53 53
54 --- 54 ---
55 55
56 **mandatory** 56 **mandatory**
57 57
58 Change of file_system_type method (->read_supe 58 Change of file_system_type method (->read_super to ->get_sb)
59 59
60 ->read_super() is no more. Ditto for DECLARE_ 60 ->read_super() is no more. Ditto for DECLARE_FSTYPE and DECLARE_FSTYPE_DEV.
61 61
62 Turn your foo_read_super() into a function tha 62 Turn your foo_read_super() into a function that would return 0 in case of
63 success and negative number in case of error ( 63 success and negative number in case of error (-EINVAL unless you have more
64 informative error value to report). Call it f 64 informative error value to report). Call it foo_fill_super(). Now declare::
65 65
66 int foo_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_t 66 int foo_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
67 int flags, const char *dev_name, void 67 int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data, struct vfsmount *mnt)
68 { 68 {
69 return get_sb_bdev(fs_type, flags, dev 69 return get_sb_bdev(fs_type, flags, dev_name, data, foo_fill_super,
70 mnt); 70 mnt);
71 } 71 }
72 72
73 (or similar with s/bdev/nodev/ or s/bdev/singl 73 (or similar with s/bdev/nodev/ or s/bdev/single/, depending on the kind of
74 filesystem). 74 filesystem).
75 75
76 Replace DECLARE_FSTYPE... with explicit initia 76 Replace DECLARE_FSTYPE... with explicit initializer and have ->get_sb set as
77 foo_get_sb. 77 foo_get_sb.
78 78
79 --- 79 ---
80 80
81 **mandatory** 81 **mandatory**
82 82
83 Locking change: ->s_vfs_rename_sem is taken on 83 Locking change: ->s_vfs_rename_sem is taken only by cross-directory renames.
84 Most likely there is no need to change anythin 84 Most likely there is no need to change anything, but if you relied on
85 global exclusion between renames for some inte 85 global exclusion between renames for some internal purpose - you need to
86 change your internal locking. Otherwise exclu 86 change your internal locking. Otherwise exclusion warranties remain the
87 same (i.e. parents and victim are locked, etc. 87 same (i.e. parents and victim are locked, etc.).
88 88
89 --- 89 ---
90 90
91 **informational** 91 **informational**
92 92
93 Now we have the exclusion between ->lookup() a 93 Now we have the exclusion between ->lookup() and directory removal (by
94 ->rmdir() and ->rename()). If you used to nee 94 ->rmdir() and ->rename()). If you used to need that exclusion and do
95 it by internal locking (most of filesystems co 95 it by internal locking (most of filesystems couldn't care less) - you
96 can relax your locking. 96 can relax your locking.
97 97
98 --- 98 ---
99 99
100 **mandatory** 100 **mandatory**
101 101
102 ->lookup(), ->truncate(), ->create(), ->unlink 102 ->lookup(), ->truncate(), ->create(), ->unlink(), ->mknod(), ->mkdir(),
103 ->rmdir(), ->link(), ->lseek(), ->symlink(), - 103 ->rmdir(), ->link(), ->lseek(), ->symlink(), ->rename()
104 and ->readdir() are called without BKL now. G 104 and ->readdir() are called without BKL now. Grab it on entry, drop upon return
105 - that will guarantee the same locking you use 105 - that will guarantee the same locking you used to have. If your method or its
106 parts do not need BKL - better yet, now you ca 106 parts do not need BKL - better yet, now you can shift lock_kernel() and
107 unlock_kernel() so that they would protect exa 107 unlock_kernel() so that they would protect exactly what needs to be
108 protected. 108 protected.
109 109
110 --- 110 ---
111 111
112 **mandatory** 112 **mandatory**
113 113
114 BKL is also moved from around sb operations. B 114 BKL is also moved from around sb operations. BKL should have been shifted into
115 individual fs sb_op functions. If you don't n 115 individual fs sb_op functions. If you don't need it, remove it.
116 116
117 --- 117 ---
118 118
119 **informational** 119 **informational**
120 120
121 check for ->link() target not being a director 121 check for ->link() target not being a directory is done by callers. Feel
122 free to drop it... 122 free to drop it...
123 123
124 --- 124 ---
125 125
126 **informational** 126 **informational**
127 127
128 ->link() callers hold ->i_mutex on the object 128 ->link() callers hold ->i_mutex on the object we are linking to. Some of your
129 problems might be over... 129 problems might be over...
130 130
131 --- 131 ---
132 132
133 **mandatory** 133 **mandatory**
134 134
135 new file_system_type method - kill_sb(superblo 135 new file_system_type method - kill_sb(superblock). If you are converting
136 an existing filesystem, set it according to -> 136 an existing filesystem, set it according to ->fs_flags::
137 137
138 FS_REQUIRES_DEV - kill_b 138 FS_REQUIRES_DEV - kill_block_super
139 FS_LITTER - kill_l 139 FS_LITTER - kill_litter_super
140 neither - kill_a 140 neither - kill_anon_super
141 141
142 FS_LITTER is gone - just remove it from fs_fla 142 FS_LITTER is gone - just remove it from fs_flags.
143 143
144 --- 144 ---
145 145
146 **mandatory** 146 **mandatory**
147 147
148 FS_SINGLE is gone (actually, that had happened 148 FS_SINGLE is gone (actually, that had happened back when ->get_sb()
149 went in - and hadn't been documented ;-/). Ju 149 went in - and hadn't been documented ;-/). Just remove it from fs_flags
150 (and see ->get_sb() entry for other actions). 150 (and see ->get_sb() entry for other actions).
151 151
152 --- 152 ---
153 153
154 **mandatory** 154 **mandatory**
155 155
156 ->setattr() is called without BKL now. Caller 156 ->setattr() is called without BKL now. Caller _always_ holds ->i_mutex, so
157 watch for ->i_mutex-grabbing code that might b 157 watch for ->i_mutex-grabbing code that might be used by your ->setattr().
158 Callers of notify_change() need ->i_mutex now. 158 Callers of notify_change() need ->i_mutex now.
159 159
160 --- 160 ---
161 161
162 **recommended** 162 **recommended**
163 163
164 New super_block field ``struct export_operatio 164 New super_block field ``struct export_operations *s_export_op`` for
165 explicit support for exporting, e.g. via NFS. 165 explicit support for exporting, e.g. via NFS. The structure is fully
166 documented at its declaration in include/linux 166 documented at its declaration in include/linux/fs.h, and in
167 Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst. 167 Documentation/filesystems/nfs/exporting.rst.
168 168
169 Briefly it allows for the definition of decode 169 Briefly it allows for the definition of decode_fh and encode_fh operations
170 to encode and decode filehandles, and allows t 170 to encode and decode filehandles, and allows the filesystem to use
171 a standard helper function for decode_fh, and 171 a standard helper function for decode_fh, and provide file-system specific
172 support for this helper, particularly get_pare 172 support for this helper, particularly get_parent.
173 173
174 It is planned that this will be required for e 174 It is planned that this will be required for exporting once the code
175 settles down a bit. 175 settles down a bit.
176 176
177 **mandatory** 177 **mandatory**
178 178
179 s_export_op is now required for exporting a fi 179 s_export_op is now required for exporting a filesystem.
180 isofs, ext2, ext3, reiserfs, fat !! 180 isofs, ext2, ext3, resierfs, fat
181 can be used as examples of very different file 181 can be used as examples of very different filesystems.
182 182
183 --- 183 ---
184 184
185 **mandatory** 185 **mandatory**
186 186
187 iget4() and the read_inode2 callback have been 187 iget4() and the read_inode2 callback have been superseded by iget5_locked()
188 which has the following prototype:: 188 which has the following prototype::
189 189
190 struct inode *iget5_locked(struct super_bl 190 struct inode *iget5_locked(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino,
191 int (*test)(st 191 int (*test)(struct inode *, void *),
192 int (*set)(str 192 int (*set)(struct inode *, void *),
193 void *data); 193 void *data);
194 194
195 'test' is an additional function that can be u 195 'test' is an additional function that can be used when the inode
196 number is not sufficient to identify the actua 196 number is not sufficient to identify the actual file object. 'set'
197 should be a non-blocking function that initial 197 should be a non-blocking function that initializes those parts of a
198 newly created inode to allow the test function 198 newly created inode to allow the test function to succeed. 'data' is
199 passed as an opaque value to both test and set 199 passed as an opaque value to both test and set functions.
200 200
201 When the inode has been created by iget5_locke 201 When the inode has been created by iget5_locked(), it will be returned with the
202 I_NEW flag set and will still be locked. The 202 I_NEW flag set and will still be locked. The filesystem then needs to finalize
203 the initialization. Once the inode is initiali 203 the initialization. Once the inode is initialized it must be unlocked by
204 calling unlock_new_inode(). 204 calling unlock_new_inode().
205 205
206 The filesystem is responsible for setting (and 206 The filesystem is responsible for setting (and possibly testing) i_ino
207 when appropriate. There is also a simpler iget 207 when appropriate. There is also a simpler iget_locked function that
208 just takes the superblock and inode number as 208 just takes the superblock and inode number as arguments and does the
209 test and set for you. 209 test and set for you.
210 210
211 e.g.:: 211 e.g.::
212 212
213 inode = iget_locked(sb, ino); 213 inode = iget_locked(sb, ino);
214 if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) { 214 if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) {
215 err = read_inode_from_disk(ino 215 err = read_inode_from_disk(inode);
216 if (err < 0) { 216 if (err < 0) {
217 iget_failed(inode); 217 iget_failed(inode);
218 return err; 218 return err;
219 } 219 }
220 unlock_new_inode(inode); 220 unlock_new_inode(inode);
221 } 221 }
222 222
223 Note that if the process of setting up a new i 223 Note that if the process of setting up a new inode fails, then iget_failed()
224 should be called on the inode to render it dea 224 should be called on the inode to render it dead, and an appropriate error
225 should be passed back to the caller. 225 should be passed back to the caller.
226 226
227 --- 227 ---
228 228
229 **recommended** 229 **recommended**
230 230
231 ->getattr() finally getting used. See instanc 231 ->getattr() finally getting used. See instances in nfs, minix, etc.
232 232
233 --- 233 ---
234 234
235 **mandatory** 235 **mandatory**
236 236
237 ->revalidate() is gone. If your filesystem ha 237 ->revalidate() is gone. If your filesystem had it - provide ->getattr()
238 and let it call whatever you had as ->revlidat 238 and let it call whatever you had as ->revlidate() + (for symlinks that
239 had ->revalidate()) add calls in ->follow_link 239 had ->revalidate()) add calls in ->follow_link()/->readlink().
240 240
241 --- 241 ---
242 242
243 **mandatory** 243 **mandatory**
244 244
245 ->d_parent changes are not protected by BKL an 245 ->d_parent changes are not protected by BKL anymore. Read access is safe
246 if at least one of the following is true: 246 if at least one of the following is true:
247 247
248 * filesystem has no cross-directory re 248 * filesystem has no cross-directory rename()
249 * we know that parent had been locked 249 * we know that parent had been locked (e.g. we are looking at
250 ->d_parent of ->lookup() argument). 250 ->d_parent of ->lookup() argument).
251 * we are called from ->rename(). 251 * we are called from ->rename().
252 * the child's ->d_lock is held 252 * the child's ->d_lock is held
253 253
254 Audit your code and add locking if needed. No 254 Audit your code and add locking if needed. Notice that any place that is
255 not protected by the conditions above is risky 255 not protected by the conditions above is risky even in the old tree - you
256 had been relying on BKL and that's prone to sc 256 had been relying on BKL and that's prone to screwups. Old tree had quite
257 a few holes of that kind - unprotected access 257 a few holes of that kind - unprotected access to ->d_parent leading to
258 anything from oops to silent memory corruption 258 anything from oops to silent memory corruption.
259 259
260 --- 260 ---
261 261
262 **mandatory** 262 **mandatory**
263 263
264 FS_NOMOUNT is gone. If you use it - just set 264 FS_NOMOUNT is gone. If you use it - just set SB_NOUSER in flags
265 (see rootfs for one kind of solution and bdev/ 265 (see rootfs for one kind of solution and bdev/socket/pipe for another).
266 266
267 --- 267 ---
268 268
269 **recommended** 269 **recommended**
270 270
271 Use bdev_read_only(bdev) instead of is_read_on 271 Use bdev_read_only(bdev) instead of is_read_only(kdev). The latter
272 is still alive, but only because of the mess i 272 is still alive, but only because of the mess in drivers/s390/block/dasd.c.
273 As soon as it gets fixed is_read_only() will d 273 As soon as it gets fixed is_read_only() will die.
274 274
275 --- 275 ---
276 276
277 **mandatory** 277 **mandatory**
278 278
279 ->permission() is called without BKL now. Grab 279 ->permission() is called without BKL now. Grab it on entry, drop upon
280 return - that will guarantee the same locking 280 return - that will guarantee the same locking you used to have. If
281 your method or its parts do not need BKL - bet 281 your method or its parts do not need BKL - better yet, now you can
282 shift lock_kernel() and unlock_kernel() so tha 282 shift lock_kernel() and unlock_kernel() so that they would protect
283 exactly what needs to be protected. 283 exactly what needs to be protected.
284 284
285 --- 285 ---
286 286
287 **mandatory** 287 **mandatory**
288 288
289 ->statfs() is now called without BKL held. BK 289 ->statfs() is now called without BKL held. BKL should have been
290 shifted into individual fs sb_op functions whe 290 shifted into individual fs sb_op functions where it's not clear that
291 it's safe to remove it. If you don't need it, 291 it's safe to remove it. If you don't need it, remove it.
292 292
293 --- 293 ---
294 294
295 **mandatory** 295 **mandatory**
296 296
297 is_read_only() is gone; use bdev_read_only() i 297 is_read_only() is gone; use bdev_read_only() instead.
298 298
299 --- 299 ---
300 300
301 **mandatory** 301 **mandatory**
302 302
303 destroy_buffers() is gone; use invalidate_bdev 303 destroy_buffers() is gone; use invalidate_bdev().
304 304
305 --- 305 ---
306 306
307 **mandatory** 307 **mandatory**
308 308
309 fsync_dev() is gone; use fsync_bdev(). NOTE: 309 fsync_dev() is gone; use fsync_bdev(). NOTE: lvm breakage is
310 deliberate; as soon as struct block_device * i 310 deliberate; as soon as struct block_device * is propagated in a reasonable
311 way by that code fixing will become trivial; u 311 way by that code fixing will become trivial; until then nothing can be
312 done. 312 done.
313 313
314 **mandatory** 314 **mandatory**
315 315
316 block truncatation on error exit from ->write_ 316 block truncatation on error exit from ->write_begin, and ->direct_IO
317 moved from generic methods (block_write_begin, 317 moved from generic methods (block_write_begin, cont_write_begin,
318 nobh_write_begin, blockdev_direct_IO*) to call 318 nobh_write_begin, blockdev_direct_IO*) to callers. Take a look at
319 ext2_write_failed and callers for an example. 319 ext2_write_failed and callers for an example.
320 320
321 **mandatory** 321 **mandatory**
322 322
323 ->truncate is gone. The whole truncate sequen 323 ->truncate is gone. The whole truncate sequence needs to be
324 implemented in ->setattr, which is now mandato 324 implemented in ->setattr, which is now mandatory for filesystems
325 implementing on-disk size changes. Start with 325 implementing on-disk size changes. Start with a copy of the old inode_setattr
326 and vmtruncate, and the reorder the vmtruncate 326 and vmtruncate, and the reorder the vmtruncate + foofs_vmtruncate sequence to
327 be in order of zeroing blocks using block_trun 327 be in order of zeroing blocks using block_truncate_page or similar helpers,
328 size update and on finally on-disk truncation 328 size update and on finally on-disk truncation which should not fail.
329 setattr_prepare (which used to be inode_change 329 setattr_prepare (which used to be inode_change_ok) now includes the size checks
330 for ATTR_SIZE and must be called in the beginn 330 for ATTR_SIZE and must be called in the beginning of ->setattr unconditionally.
331 331
332 **mandatory** 332 **mandatory**
333 333
334 ->clear_inode() and ->delete_inode() are gone; 334 ->clear_inode() and ->delete_inode() are gone; ->evict_inode() should
335 be used instead. It gets called whenever the 335 be used instead. It gets called whenever the inode is evicted, whether it has
336 remaining links or not. Caller does *not* evi 336 remaining links or not. Caller does *not* evict the pagecache or inode-associated
337 metadata buffers; the method has to use trunca 337 metadata buffers; the method has to use truncate_inode_pages_final() to get rid
338 of those. Caller makes sure async writeback ca 338 of those. Caller makes sure async writeback cannot be running for the inode while
339 (or after) ->evict_inode() is called. 339 (or after) ->evict_inode() is called.
340 340
341 ->drop_inode() returns int now; it's called on 341 ->drop_inode() returns int now; it's called on final iput() with
342 inode->i_lock held and it returns true if file 342 inode->i_lock held and it returns true if filesystems wants the inode to be
343 dropped. As before, generic_drop_inode() is s 343 dropped. As before, generic_drop_inode() is still the default and it's been
344 updated appropriately. generic_delete_inode() 344 updated appropriately. generic_delete_inode() is also alive and it consists
345 simply of return 1. Note that all actual evic 345 simply of return 1. Note that all actual eviction work is done by caller after
346 ->drop_inode() returns. 346 ->drop_inode() returns.
347 347
348 As before, clear_inode() must be called exactl 348 As before, clear_inode() must be called exactly once on each call of
349 ->evict_inode() (as it used to be for each cal 349 ->evict_inode() (as it used to be for each call of ->delete_inode()). Unlike
350 before, if you are using inode-associated meta 350 before, if you are using inode-associated metadata buffers (i.e.
351 mark_buffer_dirty_inode()), it's your responsi 351 mark_buffer_dirty_inode()), it's your responsibility to call
352 invalidate_inode_buffers() before clear_inode( 352 invalidate_inode_buffers() before clear_inode().
353 353
354 NOTE: checking i_nlink in the beginning of ->w 354 NOTE: checking i_nlink in the beginning of ->write_inode() and bailing out
355 if it's zero is not *and* *never* *had* *been* 355 if it's zero is not *and* *never* *had* *been* enough. Final unlink() and iput()
356 may happen while the inode is in the middle of 356 may happen while the inode is in the middle of ->write_inode(); e.g. if you blindly
357 free the on-disk inode, you may end up doing t 357 free the on-disk inode, you may end up doing that while ->write_inode() is writing
358 to it. 358 to it.
359 359
360 --- 360 ---
361 361
362 **mandatory** 362 **mandatory**
363 363
364 .d_delete() now only advises the dcache as to 364 .d_delete() now only advises the dcache as to whether or not to cache
365 unreferenced dentries, and is now only called 365 unreferenced dentries, and is now only called when the dentry refcount goes to
366 0. Even on 0 refcount transition, it must be a 366 0. Even on 0 refcount transition, it must be able to tolerate being called 0,
367 1, or more times (eg. constant, idempotent). 367 1, or more times (eg. constant, idempotent).
368 368
369 --- 369 ---
370 370
371 **mandatory** 371 **mandatory**
372 372
373 .d_compare() calling convention and locking ru 373 .d_compare() calling convention and locking rules are significantly
374 changed. Read updated documentation in Documen 374 changed. Read updated documentation in Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst (and
375 look at examples of other filesystems) for gui 375 look at examples of other filesystems) for guidance.
376 376
377 --- 377 ---
378 378
379 **mandatory** 379 **mandatory**
380 380
381 .d_hash() calling convention and locking rules 381 .d_hash() calling convention and locking rules are significantly
382 changed. Read updated documentation in Documen 382 changed. Read updated documentation in Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst (and
383 look at examples of other filesystems) for gui 383 look at examples of other filesystems) for guidance.
384 384
385 --- 385 ---
386 386
387 **mandatory** 387 **mandatory**
388 388
389 dcache_lock is gone, replaced by fine grained 389 dcache_lock is gone, replaced by fine grained locks. See fs/dcache.c
390 for details of what locks to replace dcache_lo 390 for details of what locks to replace dcache_lock with in order to protect
391 particular things. Most of the time, a filesys 391 particular things. Most of the time, a filesystem only needs ->d_lock, which
392 protects *all* the dcache state of a given den 392 protects *all* the dcache state of a given dentry.
393 393
394 --- 394 ---
395 395
396 **mandatory** 396 **mandatory**
397 397
398 Filesystems must RCU-free their inodes, if the 398 Filesystems must RCU-free their inodes, if they can have been accessed
399 via rcu-walk path walk (basically, if the file 399 via rcu-walk path walk (basically, if the file can have had a path name in the
400 vfs namespace). 400 vfs namespace).
401 401
402 Even though i_dentry and i_rcu share storage i 402 Even though i_dentry and i_rcu share storage in a union, we will
403 initialize the former in inode_init_always(), 403 initialize the former in inode_init_always(), so just leave it alone in
404 the callback. It used to be necessary to clea 404 the callback. It used to be necessary to clean it there, but not anymore
405 (starting at 3.2). 405 (starting at 3.2).
406 406
407 --- 407 ---
408 408
409 **recommended** 409 **recommended**
410 410
411 vfs now tries to do path walking in "rcu-walk 411 vfs now tries to do path walking in "rcu-walk mode", which avoids
412 atomic operations and scalability hazards on d 412 atomic operations and scalability hazards on dentries and inodes (see
413 Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.txt). d_ 413 Documentation/filesystems/path-lookup.txt). d_hash and d_compare changes
414 (above) are examples of the changes required t 414 (above) are examples of the changes required to support this. For more complex
415 filesystem callbacks, the vfs drops out of rcu 415 filesystem callbacks, the vfs drops out of rcu-walk mode before the fs call, so
416 no changes are required to the filesystem. How 416 no changes are required to the filesystem. However, this is costly and loses
417 the benefits of rcu-walk mode. We will begin t 417 the benefits of rcu-walk mode. We will begin to add filesystem callbacks that
418 are rcu-walk aware, shown below. Filesystems s 418 are rcu-walk aware, shown below. Filesystems should take advantage of this
419 where possible. 419 where possible.
420 420
421 --- 421 ---
422 422
423 **mandatory** 423 **mandatory**
424 424
425 d_revalidate is a callback that is made on eve 425 d_revalidate is a callback that is made on every path element (if
426 the filesystem provides it), which requires dr 426 the filesystem provides it), which requires dropping out of rcu-walk mode. This
427 may now be called in rcu-walk mode (nd->flags 427 may now be called in rcu-walk mode (nd->flags & LOOKUP_RCU). -ECHILD should be
428 returned if the filesystem cannot handle rcu-w 428 returned if the filesystem cannot handle rcu-walk. See
429 Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst for more det 429 Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst for more details.
430 430
431 permission is an inode permission check that i 431 permission is an inode permission check that is called on many or all
432 directory inodes on the way down a path walk ( 432 directory inodes on the way down a path walk (to check for exec permission). It
433 must now be rcu-walk aware (mask & MAY_NOT_BLO 433 must now be rcu-walk aware (mask & MAY_NOT_BLOCK). See
434 Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst for more det 434 Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst for more details.
435 435
436 --- 436 ---
437 437
438 **mandatory** 438 **mandatory**
439 439
440 In ->fallocate() you must check the mode optio 440 In ->fallocate() you must check the mode option passed in. If your
441 filesystem does not support hole punching (dea 441 filesystem does not support hole punching (deallocating space in the middle of a
442 file) you must return -EOPNOTSUPP if FALLOC_FL 442 file) you must return -EOPNOTSUPP if FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE is set in mode.
443 Currently you can only have FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HO 443 Currently you can only have FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE with FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE set,
444 so the i_size should not change when hole punc 444 so the i_size should not change when hole punching, even when puching the end of
445 a file off. 445 a file off.
446 446
447 --- 447 ---
448 448
449 **mandatory** 449 **mandatory**
450 450
451 ->get_sb() is gone. Switch to use of ->mount( 451 ->get_sb() is gone. Switch to use of ->mount(). Typically it's just
452 a matter of switching from calling ``get_sb_`` 452 a matter of switching from calling ``get_sb_``... to ``mount_``... and changing
453 the function type. If you were doing it manua 453 the function type. If you were doing it manually, just switch from setting
454 ->mnt_root to some pointer to returning that p 454 ->mnt_root to some pointer to returning that pointer. On errors return
455 ERR_PTR(...). 455 ERR_PTR(...).
456 456
457 --- 457 ---
458 458
459 **mandatory** 459 **mandatory**
460 460
461 ->permission() and generic_permission()have lo 461 ->permission() and generic_permission()have lost flags
462 argument; instead of passing IPERM_FLAG_RCU we 462 argument; instead of passing IPERM_FLAG_RCU we add MAY_NOT_BLOCK into mask.
463 463
464 generic_permission() has also lost the check_a 464 generic_permission() has also lost the check_acl argument; ACL checking
465 has been taken to VFS and filesystems need to !! 465 has been taken to VFS and filesystems need to provide a non-NULL ->i_op->get_acl
466 ->i_op->get_inode_acl to read an ACL from disk !! 466 to read an ACL from disk.
467 467
468 --- 468 ---
469 469
470 **mandatory** 470 **mandatory**
471 471
472 If you implement your own ->llseek() you must 472 If you implement your own ->llseek() you must handle SEEK_HOLE and
473 SEEK_DATA. You can handle this by returning - !! 473 SEEK_DATA. You can hanle this by returning -EINVAL, but it would be nicer to
474 support it in some way. The generic handler a 474 support it in some way. The generic handler assumes that the entire file is
475 data and there is a virtual hole at the end of 475 data and there is a virtual hole at the end of the file. So if the provided
476 offset is less than i_size and SEEK_DATA is sp 476 offset is less than i_size and SEEK_DATA is specified, return the same offset.
477 If the above is true for the offset and you ar 477 If the above is true for the offset and you are given SEEK_HOLE, return the end
478 of the file. If the offset is i_size or great 478 of the file. If the offset is i_size or greater return -ENXIO in either case.
479 479
480 **mandatory** 480 **mandatory**
481 481
482 If you have your own ->fsync() you must make s 482 If you have your own ->fsync() you must make sure to call
483 filemap_write_and_wait_range() so that all dir 483 filemap_write_and_wait_range() so that all dirty pages are synced out properly.
484 You must also keep in mind that ->fsync() is n 484 You must also keep in mind that ->fsync() is not called with i_mutex held
485 anymore, so if you require i_mutex locking you 485 anymore, so if you require i_mutex locking you must make sure to take it and
486 release it yourself. 486 release it yourself.
487 487
488 --- 488 ---
489 489
490 **mandatory** 490 **mandatory**
491 491
492 d_alloc_root() is gone, along with a lot of bu 492 d_alloc_root() is gone, along with a lot of bugs caused by code
493 misusing it. Replacement: d_make_root(inode). 493 misusing it. Replacement: d_make_root(inode). On success d_make_root(inode)
494 allocates and returns a new dentry instantiate 494 allocates and returns a new dentry instantiated with the passed in inode.
495 On failure NULL is returned and the passed in 495 On failure NULL is returned and the passed in inode is dropped so the reference
496 to inode is consumed in all cases and failure 496 to inode is consumed in all cases and failure handling need not do any cleanup
497 for the inode. If d_make_root(inode) is passe 497 for the inode. If d_make_root(inode) is passed a NULL inode it returns NULL
498 and also requires no further error handling. T 498 and also requires no further error handling. Typical usage is::
499 499
500 inode = foofs_new_inode(....); 500 inode = foofs_new_inode(....);
501 s->s_root = d_make_root(inode); 501 s->s_root = d_make_root(inode);
502 if (!s->s_root) 502 if (!s->s_root)
503 /* Nothing needed for the inod 503 /* Nothing needed for the inode cleanup */
504 return -ENOMEM; 504 return -ENOMEM;
505 ... 505 ...
506 506
507 --- 507 ---
508 508
509 **mandatory** 509 **mandatory**
510 510
511 The witch is dead! Well, 2/3 of it, anyway. 511 The witch is dead! Well, 2/3 of it, anyway. ->d_revalidate() and
512 ->lookup() do *not* take struct nameidata anym 512 ->lookup() do *not* take struct nameidata anymore; just the flags.
513 513
514 --- 514 ---
515 515
516 **mandatory** 516 **mandatory**
517 517
518 ->create() doesn't take ``struct nameidata *`` 518 ->create() doesn't take ``struct nameidata *``; unlike the previous
519 two, it gets "is it an O_EXCL or equivalent?" 519 two, it gets "is it an O_EXCL or equivalent?" boolean argument. Note that
520 local filesystems can ignore this argument - t !! 520 local filesystems can ignore tha argument - they are guaranteed that the
521 object doesn't exist. It's remote/distributed 521 object doesn't exist. It's remote/distributed ones that might care...
522 522
523 --- 523 ---
524 524
525 **mandatory** 525 **mandatory**
526 526
527 FS_REVAL_DOT is gone; if you used to have it, 527 FS_REVAL_DOT is gone; if you used to have it, add ->d_weak_revalidate()
528 in your dentry operations instead. 528 in your dentry operations instead.
529 529
530 --- 530 ---
531 531
532 **mandatory** 532 **mandatory**
533 533
534 vfs_readdir() is gone; switch to iterate_dir() 534 vfs_readdir() is gone; switch to iterate_dir() instead
535 535
536 --- 536 ---
537 537
538 **mandatory** 538 **mandatory**
539 539
540 ->readdir() is gone now; switch to ->iterate_s !! 540 ->readdir() is gone now; switch to ->iterate()
541 541
542 **mandatory** 542 **mandatory**
543 543
544 vfs_follow_link has been removed. Filesystems 544 vfs_follow_link has been removed. Filesystems must use nd_set_link
545 from ->follow_link for normal symlinks, or nd_ 545 from ->follow_link for normal symlinks, or nd_jump_link for magic
546 /proc/<pid> style links. 546 /proc/<pid> style links.
547 547
548 --- 548 ---
549 549
550 **mandatory** 550 **mandatory**
551 551
552 iget5_locked()/ilookup5()/ilookup5_nowait() te 552 iget5_locked()/ilookup5()/ilookup5_nowait() test() callback used to be
553 called with both ->i_lock and inode_hash_lock 553 called with both ->i_lock and inode_hash_lock held; the former is *not*
554 taken anymore, so verify that your callbacks d 554 taken anymore, so verify that your callbacks do not rely on it (none
555 of the in-tree instances did). inode_hash_loc 555 of the in-tree instances did). inode_hash_lock is still held,
556 of course, so they are still serialized wrt re 556 of course, so they are still serialized wrt removal from inode hash,
557 as well as wrt set() callback of iget5_locked( 557 as well as wrt set() callback of iget5_locked().
558 558
559 --- 559 ---
560 560
561 **mandatory** 561 **mandatory**
562 562
563 d_materialise_unique() is gone; d_splice_alias 563 d_materialise_unique() is gone; d_splice_alias() does everything you
564 need now. Remember that they have opposite or 564 need now. Remember that they have opposite orders of arguments ;-/
565 565
566 --- 566 ---
567 567
568 **mandatory** 568 **mandatory**
569 569
570 f_dentry is gone; use f_path.dentry, or, bette 570 f_dentry is gone; use f_path.dentry, or, better yet, see if you can avoid
571 it entirely. 571 it entirely.
572 572
573 --- 573 ---
574 574
575 **mandatory** 575 **mandatory**
576 576
577 never call ->read() and ->write() directly; us 577 never call ->read() and ->write() directly; use __vfs_{read,write} or
578 wrappers; instead of checking for ->write or - 578 wrappers; instead of checking for ->write or ->read being NULL, look for
579 FMODE_CAN_{WRITE,READ} in file->f_mode. 579 FMODE_CAN_{WRITE,READ} in file->f_mode.
580 580
581 --- 581 ---
582 582
583 **mandatory** 583 **mandatory**
584 584
585 do _not_ use new_sync_{read,write} for ->read/ 585 do _not_ use new_sync_{read,write} for ->read/->write; leave it NULL
586 instead. 586 instead.
587 587
588 --- 588 ---
589 589
590 **mandatory** 590 **mandatory**
591 ->aio_read/->aio_write are gone. Use 591 ->aio_read/->aio_write are gone. Use ->read_iter/->write_iter.
592 592
593 --- 593 ---
594 594
595 **recommended** 595 **recommended**
596 596
597 for embedded ("fast") symlinks just set inode- 597 for embedded ("fast") symlinks just set inode->i_link to wherever the
598 symlink body is and use simple_follow_link() a 598 symlink body is and use simple_follow_link() as ->follow_link().
599 599
600 --- 600 ---
601 601
602 **mandatory** 602 **mandatory**
603 603
604 calling conventions for ->follow_link() have c 604 calling conventions for ->follow_link() have changed. Instead of returning
605 cookie and using nd_set_link() to store the bo 605 cookie and using nd_set_link() to store the body to traverse, we return
606 the body to traverse and store the cookie usin 606 the body to traverse and store the cookie using explicit void ** argument.
607 nameidata isn't passed at all - nd_jump_link() 607 nameidata isn't passed at all - nd_jump_link() doesn't need it and
608 nd_[gs]et_link() is gone. 608 nd_[gs]et_link() is gone.
609 609
610 --- 610 ---
611 611
612 **mandatory** 612 **mandatory**
613 613
614 calling conventions for ->put_link() have chan 614 calling conventions for ->put_link() have changed. It gets inode instead of
615 dentry, it does not get nameidata at all and 615 dentry, it does not get nameidata at all and it gets called only when cookie
616 is non-NULL. Note that link body isn't availa 616 is non-NULL. Note that link body isn't available anymore, so if you need it,
617 store it as cookie. 617 store it as cookie.
618 618
619 --- 619 ---
620 620
621 **mandatory** 621 **mandatory**
622 622
623 any symlink that might use page_follow_link_li 623 any symlink that might use page_follow_link_light/page_put_link() must
624 have inode_nohighmem(inode) called before anyt 624 have inode_nohighmem(inode) called before anything might start playing with
625 its pagecache. No highmem pages should end up 625 its pagecache. No highmem pages should end up in the pagecache of such
626 symlinks. That includes any preseeding that m 626 symlinks. That includes any preseeding that might be done during symlink
627 creation. page_symlink() will honour the mapp 627 creation. page_symlink() will honour the mapping gfp flags, so once
628 you've done inode_nohighmem() it's safe to use 628 you've done inode_nohighmem() it's safe to use, but if you allocate and
629 insert the page manually, make sure to use the 629 insert the page manually, make sure to use the right gfp flags.
630 630
631 --- 631 ---
632 632
633 **mandatory** 633 **mandatory**
634 634
635 ->follow_link() is replaced with ->get_link(); 635 ->follow_link() is replaced with ->get_link(); same API, except that
636 636
637 * ->get_link() gets inode as a separat 637 * ->get_link() gets inode as a separate argument
638 * ->get_link() may be called in RCU mo 638 * ->get_link() may be called in RCU mode - in that case NULL
639 dentry is passed 639 dentry is passed
640 640
641 --- 641 ---
642 642
643 **mandatory** 643 **mandatory**
644 644
645 ->get_link() gets struct delayed_call ``*done` 645 ->get_link() gets struct delayed_call ``*done`` now, and should do
646 set_delayed_call() where it used to set ``*coo 646 set_delayed_call() where it used to set ``*cookie``.
647 647
648 ->put_link() is gone - just give the destructo 648 ->put_link() is gone - just give the destructor to set_delayed_call()
649 in ->get_link(). 649 in ->get_link().
650 650
651 --- 651 ---
652 652
653 **mandatory** 653 **mandatory**
654 654
655 ->getxattr() and xattr_handler.get() get dentr 655 ->getxattr() and xattr_handler.get() get dentry and inode passed separately.
656 dentry might be yet to be attached to inode, s 656 dentry might be yet to be attached to inode, so do _not_ use its ->d_inode
657 in the instances. Rationale: !@#!@# security_ 657 in the instances. Rationale: !@#!@# security_d_instantiate() needs to be
658 called before we attach dentry to inode. 658 called before we attach dentry to inode.
659 659
660 --- 660 ---
661 661
662 **mandatory** 662 **mandatory**
663 663
664 symlinks are no longer the only inodes that do 664 symlinks are no longer the only inodes that do *not* have i_bdev/i_cdev/
665 i_pipe/i_link union zeroed out at inode evicti 665 i_pipe/i_link union zeroed out at inode eviction. As the result, you can't
666 assume that non-NULL value in ->i_nlink at ->d 666 assume that non-NULL value in ->i_nlink at ->destroy_inode() implies that
667 it's a symlink. Checking ->i_mode is really n 667 it's a symlink. Checking ->i_mode is really needed now. In-tree we had
668 to fix shmem_destroy_callback() that used to t 668 to fix shmem_destroy_callback() that used to take that kind of shortcut;
669 watch out, since that shortcut is no longer va 669 watch out, since that shortcut is no longer valid.
670 670
671 --- 671 ---
672 672
673 **mandatory** 673 **mandatory**
674 674
675 ->i_mutex is replaced with ->i_rwsem now. ino 675 ->i_mutex is replaced with ->i_rwsem now. inode_lock() et.al. work as
676 they used to - they just take it exclusive. H 676 they used to - they just take it exclusive. However, ->lookup() may be
677 called with parent locked shared. Its instanc 677 called with parent locked shared. Its instances must not
678 678
679 * use d_instantiate) and d_rehash() se 679 * use d_instantiate) and d_rehash() separately - use d_add() or
680 d_splice_alias() instead. 680 d_splice_alias() instead.
681 * use d_rehash() alone - call d_add(ne 681 * use d_rehash() alone - call d_add(new_dentry, NULL) instead.
682 * in the unlikely case when (read-only 682 * in the unlikely case when (read-only) access to filesystem
683 data structures needs exclusion for 683 data structures needs exclusion for some reason, arrange it
684 yourself. None of the in-tree files 684 yourself. None of the in-tree filesystems needed that.
685 * rely on ->d_parent and ->d_name not 685 * rely on ->d_parent and ->d_name not changing after dentry has
686 been fed to d_add() or d_splice_alia 686 been fed to d_add() or d_splice_alias(). Again, none of the
687 in-tree instances relied upon that. 687 in-tree instances relied upon that.
688 688
689 We are guaranteed that lookups of the same nam 689 We are guaranteed that lookups of the same name in the same directory
690 will not happen in parallel ("same" in the sen 690 will not happen in parallel ("same" in the sense of your ->d_compare()).
691 Lookups on different names in the same directo 691 Lookups on different names in the same directory can and do happen in
692 parallel now. 692 parallel now.
693 693
694 --- 694 ---
695 695
696 **mandatory** !! 696 **recommended**
697 697
698 ->iterate_shared() is added. !! 698 ->iterate_shared() is added; it's a parallel variant of ->iterate().
699 Exclusion on struct file level is still provid 699 Exclusion on struct file level is still provided (as well as that
700 between it and lseek on the same struct file), 700 between it and lseek on the same struct file), but if your directory
701 has been opened several times, you can get the 701 has been opened several times, you can get these called in parallel.
702 Exclusion between that method and all director 702 Exclusion between that method and all directory-modifying ones is
703 still provided, of course. 703 still provided, of course.
704 704
705 If you have any per-inode or per-dentry in-cor !! 705 Often enough ->iterate() can serve as ->iterate_shared() without any
706 by ->iterate_shared(), you might need somethin !! 706 changes - it is a read-only operation, after all. If you have any
707 to them. If you do dcache pre-seeding, you'll !! 707 per-inode or per-dentry in-core data structures modified by ->iterate(),
708 d_alloc_parallel() for that; look for in-tree !! 708 you might need something to serialize the access to them. If you
>> 709 do dcache pre-seeding, you'll need to switch to d_alloc_parallel() for
>> 710 that; look for in-tree examples.
>> 711
>> 712 Old method is only used if the new one is absent; eventually it will
>> 713 be removed. Switch while you still can; the old one won't stay.
709 714
710 --- 715 ---
711 716
712 **mandatory** 717 **mandatory**
713 718
714 ->atomic_open() calls without O_CREAT may happ 719 ->atomic_open() calls without O_CREAT may happen in parallel.
715 720
716 --- 721 ---
717 722
718 **mandatory** 723 **mandatory**
719 724
720 ->setxattr() and xattr_handler.set() get dentr 725 ->setxattr() and xattr_handler.set() get dentry and inode passed separately.
721 The xattr_handler.set() gets passed the user n 726 The xattr_handler.set() gets passed the user namespace of the mount the inode
722 is seen from so filesystems can idmap the i_ui 727 is seen from so filesystems can idmap the i_uid and i_gid accordingly.
723 dentry might be yet to be attached to inode, s 728 dentry might be yet to be attached to inode, so do _not_ use its ->d_inode
724 in the instances. Rationale: !@#!@# security_ 729 in the instances. Rationale: !@#!@# security_d_instantiate() needs to be
725 called before we attach dentry to inode and !@ 730 called before we attach dentry to inode and !@#!@##!@$!$#!@#$!@$!@$ smack
726 ->d_instantiate() uses not just ->getxattr() b 731 ->d_instantiate() uses not just ->getxattr() but ->setxattr() as well.
727 732
728 --- 733 ---
729 734
730 **mandatory** 735 **mandatory**
731 736
732 ->d_compare() doesn't get parent as a separate 737 ->d_compare() doesn't get parent as a separate argument anymore. If you
733 used it for finding the struct super_block inv 738 used it for finding the struct super_block involved, dentry->d_sb will
734 work just as well; if it's something more comp 739 work just as well; if it's something more complicated, use dentry->d_parent.
735 Just be careful not to assume that fetching it 740 Just be careful not to assume that fetching it more than once will yield
736 the same value - in RCU mode it could change u 741 the same value - in RCU mode it could change under you.
737 742
738 --- 743 ---
739 744
740 **mandatory** 745 **mandatory**
741 746
742 ->rename() has an added flags argument. Any f 747 ->rename() has an added flags argument. Any flags not handled by the
743 filesystem should result in EINVAL being retur 748 filesystem should result in EINVAL being returned.
744 749
745 --- 750 ---
746 751
747 752
748 **recommended** 753 **recommended**
749 754
750 ->readlink is optional for symlinks. Don't se 755 ->readlink is optional for symlinks. Don't set, unless filesystem needs
751 to fake something for readlink(2). 756 to fake something for readlink(2).
752 757
753 --- 758 ---
754 759
755 **mandatory** 760 **mandatory**
756 761
757 ->getattr() is now passed a struct path rather 762 ->getattr() is now passed a struct path rather than a vfsmount and
758 dentry separately, and it now has request_mask 763 dentry separately, and it now has request_mask and query_flags arguments
759 to specify the fields and sync type requested 764 to specify the fields and sync type requested by statx. Filesystems not
760 supporting any statx-specific features may ign 765 supporting any statx-specific features may ignore the new arguments.
761 766
762 --- 767 ---
763 768
764 **mandatory** 769 **mandatory**
765 770
766 ->atomic_open() calling conventions have chang 771 ->atomic_open() calling conventions have changed. Gone is ``int *opened``,
767 along with FILE_OPENED/FILE_CREATED. In place 772 along with FILE_OPENED/FILE_CREATED. In place of those we have
768 FMODE_OPENED/FMODE_CREATED, set in file->f_mod 773 FMODE_OPENED/FMODE_CREATED, set in file->f_mode. Additionally, return
769 value for 'called finish_no_open(), open it yo 774 value for 'called finish_no_open(), open it yourself' case has become
770 0, not 1. Since finish_no_open() itself is re 775 0, not 1. Since finish_no_open() itself is returning 0 now, that part
771 does not need any changes in ->atomic_open() i 776 does not need any changes in ->atomic_open() instances.
772 777
773 --- 778 ---
774 779
775 **mandatory** 780 **mandatory**
776 781
777 alloc_file() has become static now; two wrappe 782 alloc_file() has become static now; two wrappers are to be used instead.
778 alloc_file_pseudo(inode, vfsmount, name, flags 783 alloc_file_pseudo(inode, vfsmount, name, flags, ops) is for the cases
779 when dentry needs to be created; that's the ma 784 when dentry needs to be created; that's the majority of old alloc_file()
780 users. Calling conventions: on success a refe 785 users. Calling conventions: on success a reference to new struct file
781 is returned and callers reference to inode is 786 is returned and callers reference to inode is subsumed by that. On
782 failure, ERR_PTR() is returned and no caller's 787 failure, ERR_PTR() is returned and no caller's references are affected,
783 so the caller needs to drop the inode referenc 788 so the caller needs to drop the inode reference it held.
784 alloc_file_clone(file, flags, ops) does not af 789 alloc_file_clone(file, flags, ops) does not affect any caller's references.
785 On success you get a new struct file sharing t 790 On success you get a new struct file sharing the mount/dentry with the
786 original, on failure - ERR_PTR(). 791 original, on failure - ERR_PTR().
787 792
788 --- 793 ---
789 794
790 **mandatory** 795 **mandatory**
791 796
792 ->clone_file_range() and ->dedupe_file_range h 797 ->clone_file_range() and ->dedupe_file_range have been replaced with
793 ->remap_file_range(). See Documentation/files 798 ->remap_file_range(). See Documentation/filesystems/vfs.rst for more
794 information. 799 information.
795 800
796 --- 801 ---
797 802
798 **recommended** 803 **recommended**
799 804
800 ->lookup() instances doing an equivalent of:: 805 ->lookup() instances doing an equivalent of::
801 806
802 if (IS_ERR(inode)) 807 if (IS_ERR(inode))
803 return ERR_CAST(inode); 808 return ERR_CAST(inode);
804 return d_splice_alias(inode, dentry); 809 return d_splice_alias(inode, dentry);
805 810
806 don't need to bother with the check - d_splice 811 don't need to bother with the check - d_splice_alias() will do the
807 right thing when given ERR_PTR(...) as inode. 812 right thing when given ERR_PTR(...) as inode. Moreover, passing NULL
808 inode to d_splice_alias() will also do the rig 813 inode to d_splice_alias() will also do the right thing (equivalent of
809 d_add(dentry, NULL); return NULL;), so that ki 814 d_add(dentry, NULL); return NULL;), so that kind of special cases
810 also doesn't need a separate treatment. 815 also doesn't need a separate treatment.
811 816
812 --- 817 ---
813 818
814 **strongly recommended** 819 **strongly recommended**
815 820
816 take the RCU-delayed parts of ->destroy_inode( 821 take the RCU-delayed parts of ->destroy_inode() into a new method -
817 ->free_inode(). If ->destroy_inode() becomes 822 ->free_inode(). If ->destroy_inode() becomes empty - all the better,
818 just get rid of it. Synchronous work (e.g. th 823 just get rid of it. Synchronous work (e.g. the stuff that can't
819 be done from an RCU callback, or any WARN_ON() 824 be done from an RCU callback, or any WARN_ON() where we want the
820 stack trace) *might* be movable to ->evict_ino 825 stack trace) *might* be movable to ->evict_inode(); however,
821 that goes only for the things that are not nee 826 that goes only for the things that are not needed to balance something
822 done by ->alloc_inode(). IOW, if it's cleanin 827 done by ->alloc_inode(). IOW, if it's cleaning up the stuff that
823 might have accumulated over the life of in-cor 828 might have accumulated over the life of in-core inode, ->evict_inode()
824 might be a fit. 829 might be a fit.
825 830
826 Rules for inode destruction: 831 Rules for inode destruction:
827 832
828 * if ->destroy_inode() is non-NULL, it 833 * if ->destroy_inode() is non-NULL, it gets called
829 * if ->free_inode() is non-NULL, it ge 834 * if ->free_inode() is non-NULL, it gets scheduled by call_rcu()
830 * combination of NULL ->destroy_inode 835 * combination of NULL ->destroy_inode and NULL ->free_inode is
831 treated as NULL/free_inode_nonrcu, t 836 treated as NULL/free_inode_nonrcu, to preserve the compatibility.
832 837
833 Note that the callback (be it via ->free_inode 838 Note that the callback (be it via ->free_inode() or explicit call_rcu()
834 in ->destroy_inode()) is *NOT* ordered wrt sup 839 in ->destroy_inode()) is *NOT* ordered wrt superblock destruction;
835 as the matter of fact, the superblock and all 840 as the matter of fact, the superblock and all associated structures
836 might be already gone. The filesystem driver 841 might be already gone. The filesystem driver is guaranteed to be still
837 there, but that's it. Freeing memory in the c 842 there, but that's it. Freeing memory in the callback is fine; doing
838 more than that is possible, but requires a lot 843 more than that is possible, but requires a lot of care and is best
839 avoided. 844 avoided.
840 845
841 --- 846 ---
842 847
843 **mandatory** 848 **mandatory**
844 849
845 DCACHE_RCUACCESS is gone; having an RCU delay 850 DCACHE_RCUACCESS is gone; having an RCU delay on dentry freeing is the
846 default. DCACHE_NORCU opts out, and only d_al 851 default. DCACHE_NORCU opts out, and only d_alloc_pseudo() has any
847 business doing so. 852 business doing so.
848 853
849 --- 854 ---
850 855
851 **mandatory** 856 **mandatory**
852 857
853 d_alloc_pseudo() is internal-only; uses outsid 858 d_alloc_pseudo() is internal-only; uses outside of alloc_file_pseudo() are
854 very suspect (and won't work in modules). Suc 859 very suspect (and won't work in modules). Such uses are very likely to
855 be misspelled d_alloc_anon(). 860 be misspelled d_alloc_anon().
856 861
857 --- 862 ---
858 863
859 **mandatory** 864 **mandatory**
860 865
861 [should've been added in 2016] stale comment i !! 866 [should've been added in 2016] stale comment in finish_open() nonwithstanding,
862 failure exits in ->atomic_open() instances sho 867 failure exits in ->atomic_open() instances should *NOT* fput() the file,
863 no matter what. Everything is handled by the 868 no matter what. Everything is handled by the caller.
864 869
865 --- 870 ---
866 871
867 **mandatory** 872 **mandatory**
868 873
869 clone_private_mount() returns a longterm mount 874 clone_private_mount() returns a longterm mount now, so the proper destructor of
870 its result is kern_unmount() or kern_unmount_a 875 its result is kern_unmount() or kern_unmount_array().
871 876
872 --- 877 ---
873 878
874 **mandatory** 879 **mandatory**
875 880
876 zero-length bvec segments are disallowed, they 881 zero-length bvec segments are disallowed, they must be filtered out before
877 passed on to an iterator. 882 passed on to an iterator.
878 883
879 --- 884 ---
880 885
881 **mandatory** 886 **mandatory**
882 887
883 For bvec based itererators bio_iov_iter_get_pa 888 For bvec based itererators bio_iov_iter_get_pages() now doesn't copy bvecs but
884 uses the one provided. Anyone issuing kiocb-I/ 889 uses the one provided. Anyone issuing kiocb-I/O should ensure that the bvec and
885 page references stay until I/O has completed, 890 page references stay until I/O has completed, i.e. until ->ki_complete() has
886 been called or returned with non -EIOCBQUEUED 891 been called or returned with non -EIOCBQUEUED code.
887 892
888 --- 893 ---
889 894
890 **mandatory** 895 **mandatory**
891 896
892 mnt_want_write_file() can now only be paired w 897 mnt_want_write_file() can now only be paired with mnt_drop_write_file(),
893 whereas previously it could be paired with mnt 898 whereas previously it could be paired with mnt_drop_write() as well.
894 899
895 --- 900 ---
896 901
897 **mandatory** 902 **mandatory**
898 903
899 iov_iter_copy_from_user_atomic() is gone; use 904 iov_iter_copy_from_user_atomic() is gone; use copy_page_from_iter_atomic().
900 The difference is copy_page_from_iter_atomic() 905 The difference is copy_page_from_iter_atomic() advances the iterator and
901 you don't need iov_iter_advance() after it. H 906 you don't need iov_iter_advance() after it. However, if you decide to use
902 only a part of obtained data, you should do io 907 only a part of obtained data, you should do iov_iter_revert().
903 908
904 --- 909 ---
905 910
906 **mandatory** 911 **mandatory**
907 912
908 Calling conventions for file_open_root() chang 913 Calling conventions for file_open_root() changed; now it takes struct path *
909 instead of passing mount and dentry separately 914 instead of passing mount and dentry separately. For callers that used to
910 pass <mnt, mnt->mnt_root> pair (i.e. the root 915 pass <mnt, mnt->mnt_root> pair (i.e. the root of given mount), a new helper
911 is provided - file_open_root_mnt(). In-tree u 916 is provided - file_open_root_mnt(). In-tree users adjusted.
912 <<
913 --- <<
914 <<
915 **mandatory** <<
916 <<
917 no_llseek is gone; don't set .llseek to that - <<
918 Checks for "does that file have llseek(2), or <<
919 should be done by looking at FMODE_LSEEK in fi <<
920 <<
921 --- <<
922 <<
923 *mandatory* <<
924 <<
925 filldir_t (readdir callbacks) calling conventi <<
926 returning 0 or -E... it returns bool now. fal <<
927 to) and true - "keep going" (as 0 in old calli <<
928 callers never looked at specific -E... values <<
929 instances require no changes at all, all filld <<
930 converted. <<
931 <<
932 --- <<
933 <<
934 **mandatory** <<
935 <<
936 Calling conventions for ->tmpfile() have chang <<
937 file pointer instead of struct dentry pointer. <<
938 changed to simplify callers. The passed file <<
939 success must be opened before returning (e.g. <<
940 finish_open_simple()). <<
941 <<
942 --- <<
943 <<
944 **mandatory** <<
945 <<
946 Calling convention for ->huge_fault has change <<
947 order instead of an enum page_entry_size, and <<
948 mmap_lock held. All in-tree users have been a <<
949 depend on the mmap_lock being held, but out of <<
950 for themselves. If they do need it, they can <<
951 be called with the mmap_lock held. <<
952 <<
953 --- <<
954 <<
955 **mandatory** <<
956 <<
957 The order of opening block devices and matchin <<
958 changed. <<
959 <<
960 The old logic opened block devices first and t <<
961 suitable superblock to reuse based on the bloc <<
962 <<
963 The new logic tries to find a suitable superbl <<
964 number, and opening the block device afterward <<
965 <<
966 Since opening block devices cannot happen unde <<
967 ordering requirements s_umount is now dropped <<
968 reacquired before calling fill_super(). <<
969 <<
970 In the old logic concurrent mounters would fin <<
971 superblocks for the filesystem type. Since the <<
972 would hold s_umount they would wait until the <<
973 was discarded due to initialization failure. <<
974 <<
975 Since the new logic drops s_umount concurrent <<
976 would spin. Instead they are now made to wait <<
977 mechanism without having to hold s_umount. <<
978 <<
979 --- <<
980 <<
981 **mandatory** <<
982 <<
983 The holder of a block device is now the superb <<
984 <<
985 The holder of a block device used to be the fi <<
986 particularly useful. It wasn't possible to go <<
987 superblock without matching on the device poin <<
988 This mechanism would only work for a single de <<
989 find the owning superblock of any additional d <<
990 <<
991 In the old mechanism reusing or creating a sup <<
992 umount(2) relied on the file_system_type as th <<
993 underdocumented however: <<
994 <<
995 (1) Any concurrent mounter that managed to gra <<
996 existing superblock was made to wait until <<
997 ready or until the superblock was removed <<
998 the filesystem type. If the superblock is <<
999 reuse it. <<
1000 <<
1001 (2) If the mounter came after deactivate_lock <<
1002 the superblock had been removed from the <<
1003 filesystem type the mounter would wait un <<
1004 reuse the block device and allocate a new <<
1005 <<
1006 (3) If the mounter came after deactivate_lock <<
1007 the superblock had been removed from the <<
1008 filesystem type the mounter would reuse t <<
1009 superblock (the bd_holder point may still <<
1010 <<
1011 Because the holder of the block device was th <<
1012 mounter could open the block devices of any s <<
1013 file_system_type without risking seeing EBUSY <<
1014 still in use by another superblock. <<
1015 <<
1016 Making the superblock the owner of the block <<
1017 is now a unique superblock and thus block dev <<
1018 reused by concurrent mounters. So a concurren <<
1019 see EBUSY when trying to open a block device <<
1020 superblock. <<
1021 <<
1022 The new logic thus waits until the superblock <<
1023 ->kill_sb(). Removal of the superblock from t <<
1024 filesystem type is now moved to a later point <<
1025 <<
1026 (1) Any concurrent mounter managing to grab a <<
1027 superblock is made to wait until the supe <<
1028 the superblock and all devices are shutdo <<
1029 superblock is ready the caller will simpl <<
1030 <<
1031 (2) If the mounter comes after deactivate_loc <<
1032 the superblock has been removed from the <<
1033 filesystem type the mounter is made to wa <<
1034 devices are shut down in ->kill_sb() and <<
1035 list of superblocks of the filesystem typ <<
1036 superblock and grab ownership of the bloc <<
1037 the block device will be set to the newly <<
1038 <<
1039 (3) This case is now collapsed into (2) as th <<
1040 of superblocks of the filesystem type unt <<
1041 ->kill_sb(). In other words, if the super <<
1042 superblock of the filesystem type anymore <<
1043 all associated block devices (the bd_hold <<
1044 <<
1045 As this is a VFS level change it has no pract <<
1046 other than that all of them must use one of t <<
1047 kill_anon_super(), or kill_block_super() help <<
1048 <<
1049 --- <<
1050 <<
1051 **mandatory** <<
1052 <<
1053 Lock ordering has been changed so that s_umou <<
1054 All places where s_umount was taken under ope <<
1055 <<
1056 --- <<
1057 <<
1058 **mandatory** <<
1059 <<
1060 export_operations ->encode_fh() no longer has <<
1061 encode FILEID_INO32_GEN* file handles. <<
1062 Filesystems that used the default implementat <<
1063 generic_encode_ino32_fh() explicitly. <<
1064 <<
1065 --- <<
1066 <<
1067 **mandatory** <<
1068 <<
1069 If ->rename() update of .. on cross-directory <<
1070 directory modifications, do *not* lock the su <<
1071 ->rename() - it's done by the caller now [tha <<
1072 28eceeda130f "fs: Lock moved directories"]. <<
1073 <<
1074 --- <<
1075 <<
1076 **mandatory** <<
1077 <<
1078 On same-directory ->rename() the (tautologica <<
1079 by any locks; just don't do it if the old par <<
1080 We really can't lock two subdirectories in sa <<
1081 deadlocks. <<
1082 <<
1083 --- <<
1084 <<
1085 **mandatory** <<
1086 <<
1087 lock_rename() and lock_rename_child() may fai <<
1088 their arguments do not have a common ancestor <<
1089 is returned, with no locks taken. In-tree us <<
1090 would need to do so. <<
1091 <<
1092 --- <<
1093 <<
1094 **mandatory** <<
1095 <<
1096 The list of children anchored in parent dentr <<
1097 Field names got changed (->d_children/->d_sib <<
1098 for anchor/entries resp.), so any affected pl <<
1099 by compiler. <<
1100 <<
1101 --- <<
1102 <<
1103 **mandatory** <<
1104 <<
1105 ->d_delete() instances are now called for den <<
1106 and refcount equal to 0. They are not permit <<
1107 None of in-tree instances did anything of tha <<
1108 <<
1109 --- <<
1110 <<
1111 **mandatory** <<
1112 <<
1113 ->d_prune() instances are now called without <<
1114 ->d_lock on dentry itself is still held; if y <<
1115 of the in-tree instances did), use your own s <<
1116 <<
1117 ->d_iput() and ->d_release() are called with <<
1118 list of parent's children. It is still unhas <<
1119 removed from parent's ->d_children yet. <<
1120 <<
1121 Anyone iterating through the list of children <<
1122 half-killed dentries that might be seen there <<
1123 see them negative, unhashed and with negative <<
1124 of the in-kernel users would've done the righ <<
1125 <<
1126 --- <<
1127 <<
1128 **recommended** <<
1129 <<
1130 Block device freezing and thawing have been m <<
1131 <<
1132 Before this change, get_active_super() would <<
1133 superblock of the main block device, i.e., th <<
1134 device freezing now works for any block devic <<
1135 just the main block device. The get_active_su <<
1136 pointer are gone. <<
1137 <<
1138 --- <<
1139 <<
1140 **mandatory** <<
1141 <<
1142 set_blocksize() takes opened struct file inst <<
1143 and it *must* be opened exclusive. <<
Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.
TOMOYO® is a registered trademark of NTT DATA CORPORATION.