1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.80 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.12 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
36 GNU make 4.0 make - !! 36 module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - <<
40 bison 2.0 bison <<
41 pahole 1.16 pahole <<
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod <<
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 37 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 38 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 39 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 40 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 41 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 42 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 43 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 44 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 45 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 46 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 47 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 48 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 49 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 50 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 51 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 52 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 53 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 54 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 55 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 56 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.2 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 ====================== =============== ====== 57 ====================== =============== ========================================
68 58
69 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 59 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
70 60
71 Kernel compilation 61 Kernel compilation
72 ****************** 62 ******************
73 63
74 GCC 64 GCC
75 --- 65 ---
76 66
77 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 67 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
78 computer. 68 computer.
79 69
80 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
81 --------------------- <<
82 <<
83 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
84 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
85 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
86 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
87 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
88 <<
89 Rust (optional) <<
90 --------------- <<
91 <<
92 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
93 <<
94 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
95 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
96 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
97 be detected. <<
98 <<
99 bindgen (optional) <<
100 ------------------ <<
101 <<
102 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
103 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
104 <<
105 Make 70 Make
106 ---- 71 ----
107 72
108 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 73 You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
109 <<
110 Bash <<
111 ---- <<
112 <<
113 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
114 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
115 74
116 Binutils 75 Binutils
117 -------- 76 --------
118 77
119 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 78 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using ``as86`` to using ``gas`` for
120 !! 79 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for ``as86`` to compile
121 pkg-config !! 80 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
122 ---------- !! 81 release of binutils.
123 <<
124 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
125 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
126 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
127 verified or documented. <<
128 <<
129 Flex <<
130 ---- <<
131 <<
132 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l <<
133 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la <<
134 <<
135 <<
136 Bison <<
137 ----- <<
138 <<
139 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p <<
140 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late <<
141 <<
142 pahole <<
143 ------ <<
144 <<
145 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
146 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
147 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
148 <<
149 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
150 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
151 82
152 Perl 83 Perl
153 ---- 84 ----
154 85
155 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 86 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
156 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 87 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
157 88
158 BC 89 BC
159 -- 90 --
160 91
161 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 92 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
162 93
163 94
164 OpenSSL 95 OpenSSL
165 ------- 96 -------
166 97
167 Module signing and external certificate handli 98 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
168 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 99 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
169 100
170 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 101 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
171 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 102 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
172 and higher. 103 and higher.
173 104
174 Tar <<
175 --- <<
176 <<
177 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
178 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
179 <<
180 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
181 ----------------------------- <<
182 <<
183 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
184 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
185 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
186 <<
187 mkimage <<
188 ------- <<
189 <<
190 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
191 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
192 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
193 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
194 105
195 System utilities 106 System utilities
196 **************** 107 ****************
197 108
198 Architectural changes 109 Architectural changes
199 --------------------- 110 ---------------------
200 111
201 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 112 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
202 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 113 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
203 114
204 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 115 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
205 116
206 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 117 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
207 documentation via specially-formatted comments 118 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
208 definitions in the source. These comments can !! 119 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
209 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr !! 120 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
210 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, !! 121 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
211 In order to convert from ReST format to a form !! 122 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
212 Sphinx. !! 123 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
>> 124 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
213 125
214 Util-linux 126 Util-linux
215 ---------- 127 ----------
216 128
217 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 129 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
218 support new options to mount, recognize more s 130 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
219 types, and similar goodies. !! 131 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
220 You'll probably want to upgrade. 132 You'll probably want to upgrade.
221 133
222 Ksymoops 134 Ksymoops
223 -------- 135 --------
224 136
225 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 137 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
226 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 138 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
227 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 139 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
228 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 140 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
229 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 141 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
230 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 142 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
231 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 143 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
232 with ksymoops. 144 with ksymoops.
233 145
>> 146 Module-Init-Tools
>> 147 -----------------
>> 148
>> 149 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
>> 150 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
>> 151
234 Mkinitrd 152 Mkinitrd
235 -------- 153 --------
236 154
237 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 155 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
238 mkinitrd be upgraded. 156 mkinitrd be upgraded.
239 157
240 E2fsprogs 158 E2fsprogs
241 --------- 159 ---------
242 160
243 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 161 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
244 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 162 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
245 163
246 JFSutils 164 JFSutils
247 -------- 165 --------
248 166
249 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 167 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
250 The following utilities are available: 168 The following utilities are available:
251 169
252 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 170 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
253 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 171 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
254 172
255 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 173 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
256 174
257 - other file system utilities are also availab 175 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
258 176
259 Reiserfsprogs 177 Reiserfsprogs
260 ------------- 178 -------------
261 179
262 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 180 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
263 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 181 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
264 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 182 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
265 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 183 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
266 184
267 Xfsprogs 185 Xfsprogs
268 -------- 186 --------
269 187
270 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 188 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
271 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 189 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
272 architecture independent and any version from 190 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
273 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 191 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
274 later is recommended, due to some significant 192 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
275 193
276 PCMCIAutils 194 PCMCIAutils
277 ----------- 195 -----------
278 196
279 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 197 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
280 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 198 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
281 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 199 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
282 subsystem is used. 200 subsystem is used.
283 201
284 Quota-tools 202 Quota-tools
285 ----------- 203 -----------
286 204
287 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 205 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
288 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 206 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
289 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 207 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
290 from the table above. 208 from the table above.
291 209
292 Intel IA32 microcode 210 Intel IA32 microcode
293 -------------------- 211 --------------------
294 212
295 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 213 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
296 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 214 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
297 udev you may need to:: 215 udev you may need to::
298 216
299 mkdir /dev/cpu 217 mkdir /dev/cpu
300 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 218 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
301 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 219 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
302 220
303 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 221 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
304 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 222 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
305 223
306 udev 224 udev
307 ---- 225 ----
308 226
309 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 227 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
310 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 228 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
311 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 229 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
312 devices. 230 devices.
313 231
314 FUSE 232 FUSE
315 ---- 233 ----
316 234
317 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 235 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
318 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 236 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
319 237
320 Networking 238 Networking
321 ********** 239 **********
322 240
323 General changes 241 General changes
324 --------------- 242 ---------------
325 243
326 If you have advanced network configuration nee 244 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
327 consider using the network tools from ip-route 245 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
328 246
329 Packet Filter / NAT 247 Packet Filter / NAT
330 ------------------- 248 -------------------
331 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 249 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
332 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 250 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
333 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 251 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
334 252
335 PPP 253 PPP
336 --- 254 ---
337 255
338 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 256 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
339 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 257 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
340 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 258 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
341 259
342 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 260 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
343 which can be made by:: 261 which can be made by::
344 262
345 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 263 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
346 264
347 as root. 265 as root.
348 266
>> 267 Isdn4k-utils
>> 268 ------------
>> 269
>> 270 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 271 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 272
349 NFS-utils 273 NFS-utils
350 --------- 274 ---------
351 275
352 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 276 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
353 about any client that expected to be able to a 277 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
354 information would be given to the kernel by `` 278 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
355 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 279 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
356 would take information about active clients fr 280 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
357 281
358 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 282 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
359 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 283 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
360 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 284 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
361 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 285 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
362 286
363 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 287 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
364 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 288 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
365 appropriate export information to the kernel. 289 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
366 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 290 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
367 currently active clients. 291 currently active clients.
368 292
369 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 293 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
370 294
371 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 295 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
372 296
373 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 297 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
374 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 298 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
375 that is possible. 299 that is possible.
376 300
377 mcelog 301 mcelog
378 ------ 302 ------
379 303
380 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 304 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
381 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 305 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
382 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 306 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
383 307
384 Kernel documentation 308 Kernel documentation
385 ******************** 309 ********************
386 310
387 Sphinx 311 Sphinx
388 ------ 312 ------
389 313
390 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 314 The ReST markups currently used by the Documentation/ files are meant to be
391 for details about Sphinx requirements. !! 315 built with ``Sphinx`` version 1.2 or upper. If you're desiring to build
>> 316 PDF outputs, it is recommended to use version 1.4.6.
>> 317
>> 318 .. note::
>> 319
>> 320 Please notice that, for PDF and LaTeX output, you'll also need ``XeLaTeX``
>> 321 version 3.14159265. Depending on the distribution, you may also need
>> 322 to install a series of ``texlive`` packages that provide the minimal
>> 323 set of functionalities required for ``XeLaTex`` to work.
392 324
393 rustdoc !! 325 Other tools
394 ------- !! 326 -----------
395 327
396 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat !! 328 In order to produce documentation from DocBook, you'll also need ``xmlto``.
397 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for !! 329 Please notice, however, that we're currently migrating all documents to use
>> 330 ``Sphinx``.
398 331
399 Getting updated software 332 Getting updated software
400 ======================== 333 ========================
401 334
402 Kernel compilation 335 Kernel compilation
403 ****************** 336 ******************
404 337
405 gcc 338 gcc
406 --- 339 ---
407 340
408 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 341 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
409 342
410 Clang/LLVM <<
411 ---------- <<
412 <<
413 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
414 <<
415 Rust <<
416 ---- <<
417 <<
418 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
419 <<
420 bindgen <<
421 ------- <<
422 <<
423 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
424 <<
425 Make 343 Make
426 ---- 344 ----
427 345
428 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 346 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
429 347
430 Bash <<
431 ---- <<
432 <<
433 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
434 <<
435 Binutils 348 Binutils
436 -------- 349 --------
437 350
438 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu !! 351 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
439 <<
440 Flex <<
441 ---- <<
442 <<
443 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> <<
444 <<
445 Bison <<
446 ----- <<
447 <<
448 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> <<
449 352
450 OpenSSL 353 OpenSSL
451 ------- 354 -------
452 355
453 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 356 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
454 357
455 System utilities 358 System utilities
456 **************** 359 ****************
457 360
458 Util-linux 361 Util-linux
459 ---------- 362 ----------
460 363
461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util !! 364 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
462 <<
463 Kmod <<
464 ---- <<
465 <<
466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern <<
467 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel <<
468 365
469 Ksymoops 366 Ksymoops
470 -------- 367 --------
471 368
472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 369 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
>> 370
>> 371 Module-Init-Tools
>> 372 -----------------
>> 373
>> 374 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
473 375
474 Mkinitrd 376 Mkinitrd
475 -------- 377 --------
476 378
477 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 379 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
478 380
479 E2fsprogs 381 E2fsprogs
480 --------- 382 ---------
481 383
482 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 384 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
483 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
484 385
485 JFSutils 386 JFSutils
486 -------- 387 --------
487 388
488 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 389 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
489 390
490 Reiserfsprogs 391 Reiserfsprogs
491 ------------- 392 -------------
492 393
493 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 394 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
494 395
495 Xfsprogs 396 Xfsprogs
496 -------- 397 --------
497 398
498 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 399 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
499 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
500 400
501 Pcmciautils 401 Pcmciautils
502 ----------- 402 -----------
503 403
504 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern !! 404 - <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
505 405
506 Quota-tools 406 Quota-tools
507 ----------- 407 -----------
508 408
509 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 409 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
>> 410
>> 411 DocBook Stylesheets
>> 412 -------------------
>> 413
>> 414 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
>> 415
>> 416 XMLTO XSLT Frontend
>> 417 -------------------
510 418
>> 419 - <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
511 420
512 Intel P6 microcode 421 Intel P6 microcode
513 ------------------ 422 ------------------
514 423
515 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 424 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
516 425
517 udev 426 udev
518 ---- 427 ----
519 428
520 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 429 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
521 430
522 FUSE 431 FUSE
523 ---- 432 ----
524 433
525 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases !! 434 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
526 435
527 mcelog 436 mcelog
528 ------ 437 ------
529 438
530 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 439 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
531 <<
532 cpio <<
533 ---- <<
534 <<
535 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
536 440
537 Networking 441 Networking
538 ********** 442 **********
539 443
540 PPP 444 PPP
541 --- 445 ---
542 446
543 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 447 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
544 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 448
545 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 449 Isdn4k-utils
>> 450 ------------
>> 451
>> 452 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
546 453
547 NFS-utils 454 NFS-utils
548 --------- 455 ---------
549 456
550 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 457 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
551 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
552 458
553 Iptables 459 Iptables
554 -------- 460 --------
555 461
556 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 462 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
557 463
558 Ip-route2 464 Ip-route2
559 --------- 465 ---------
560 466
561 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 467 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
562 468
563 OProfile 469 OProfile
564 -------- 470 --------
565 471
566 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 472 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 473
>> 474 NFS-Utils
>> 475 ---------
>> 476
>> 477 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
567 478
568 Kernel documentation 479 Kernel documentation
569 ******************** 480 ********************
570 481
571 Sphinx 482 Sphinx
572 ------ 483 ------
573 484
574 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 485 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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