1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.81 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.20 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
36 GNU make 4.0 make - !! 36 module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - <<
40 bison 2.0 bison <<
41 pahole 1.16 pahole <<
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod <<
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 37 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 38 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 39 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 40 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 41 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 42 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 43 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 44 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 45 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 46 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 47 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 48 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 49 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 50 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 51 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 52 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 53 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 54 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 55 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 56 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 ====================== =============== ====== 57 ====================== =============== ========================================
68 58
69 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 59 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
70 60
71 Kernel compilation 61 Kernel compilation
72 ****************** 62 ******************
73 63
74 GCC 64 GCC
75 --- 65 ---
76 66
77 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 67 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
78 computer. 68 computer.
79 69
80 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
81 --------------------- <<
82 <<
83 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
84 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
85 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
86 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
87 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
88 <<
89 Rust (optional) <<
90 --------------- <<
91 <<
92 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
93 <<
94 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
95 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
96 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
97 be detected. <<
98 <<
99 bindgen (optional) <<
100 ------------------ <<
101 <<
102 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
103 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
104 <<
105 Make 70 Make
106 ---- 71 ----
107 72
108 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 73 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
109 <<
110 Bash <<
111 ---- <<
112 <<
113 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
114 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
115 74
116 Binutils 75 Binutils
117 -------- 76 --------
118 77
119 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 78 The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`)
120 !! 79 rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.o intermediate steps.
121 pkg-config !! 80 This requires binutils 2.20 or newer.
122 ---------- <<
123 <<
124 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
125 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
126 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
127 verified or documented. <<
128 <<
129 Flex <<
130 ---- <<
131 <<
132 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l <<
133 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la <<
134 <<
135 <<
136 Bison <<
137 ----- <<
138 <<
139 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p <<
140 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late <<
141 <<
142 pahole <<
143 ------ <<
144 <<
145 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
146 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
147 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
148 <<
149 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
150 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
151 81
152 Perl 82 Perl
153 ---- 83 ----
154 84
155 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 85 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
156 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 86 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
157 87
158 BC 88 BC
159 -- 89 --
160 90
161 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 91 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
162 92
163 93
164 OpenSSL 94 OpenSSL
165 ------- 95 -------
166 96
167 Module signing and external certificate handli 97 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
168 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 98 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
169 99
170 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 100 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
171 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 101 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
172 and higher. 102 and higher.
173 103
174 Tar <<
175 --- <<
176 <<
177 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
178 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
179 <<
180 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
181 ----------------------------- <<
182 <<
183 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
184 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
185 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
186 <<
187 mkimage <<
188 ------- <<
189 <<
190 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
191 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
192 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
193 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
194 104
195 System utilities 105 System utilities
196 **************** 106 ****************
197 107
198 Architectural changes 108 Architectural changes
199 --------------------- 109 ---------------------
200 110
201 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 111 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
202 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 112 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
203 113
204 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 114 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
205 115
206 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 116 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
207 documentation via specially-formatted comments 117 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
208 definitions in the source. These comments can 118 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
209 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 119 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
210 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 120 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
211 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 121 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
212 Sphinx. 122 Sphinx.
213 123
214 Util-linux 124 Util-linux
215 ---------- 125 ----------
216 126
217 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 127 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
218 support new options to mount, recognize more s 128 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
219 types, and similar goodies. !! 129 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
220 You'll probably want to upgrade. 130 You'll probably want to upgrade.
221 131
222 Ksymoops 132 Ksymoops
223 -------- 133 --------
224 134
225 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 135 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
226 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 136 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
227 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 137 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
228 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 138 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
229 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 139 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
230 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 140 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
231 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 141 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
232 with ksymoops. 142 with ksymoops.
233 143
>> 144 Module-Init-Tools
>> 145 -----------------
>> 146
>> 147 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
>> 148 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
>> 149
234 Mkinitrd 150 Mkinitrd
235 -------- 151 --------
236 152
237 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 153 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
238 mkinitrd be upgraded. 154 mkinitrd be upgraded.
239 155
240 E2fsprogs 156 E2fsprogs
241 --------- 157 ---------
242 158
243 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 159 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
244 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 160 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
245 161
246 JFSutils 162 JFSutils
247 -------- 163 --------
248 164
249 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 165 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
250 The following utilities are available: 166 The following utilities are available:
251 167
252 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 168 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
253 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 169 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
254 170
255 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 171 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
256 172
257 - other file system utilities are also availab 173 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
258 174
259 Reiserfsprogs 175 Reiserfsprogs
260 ------------- 176 -------------
261 177
262 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 178 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
263 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 179 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
264 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 180 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
265 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 181 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
266 182
267 Xfsprogs 183 Xfsprogs
268 -------- 184 --------
269 185
270 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 186 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
271 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 187 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
272 architecture independent and any version from 188 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
273 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 189 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
274 later is recommended, due to some significant 190 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
275 191
276 PCMCIAutils 192 PCMCIAutils
277 ----------- 193 -----------
278 194
279 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 195 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
280 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 196 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
281 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 197 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
282 subsystem is used. 198 subsystem is used.
283 199
284 Quota-tools 200 Quota-tools
285 ----------- 201 -----------
286 202
287 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 203 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
288 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 204 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
289 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 205 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
290 from the table above. 206 from the table above.
291 207
292 Intel IA32 microcode 208 Intel IA32 microcode
293 -------------------- 209 --------------------
294 210
295 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 211 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
296 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 212 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
297 udev you may need to:: 213 udev you may need to::
298 214
299 mkdir /dev/cpu 215 mkdir /dev/cpu
300 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 216 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
301 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 217 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
302 218
303 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 219 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
304 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 220 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
305 221
306 udev 222 udev
307 ---- 223 ----
308 224
309 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 225 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
310 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 226 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
311 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 227 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
312 devices. 228 devices.
313 229
314 FUSE 230 FUSE
315 ---- 231 ----
316 232
317 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 233 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
318 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 234 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
319 235
320 Networking 236 Networking
321 ********** 237 **********
322 238
323 General changes 239 General changes
324 --------------- 240 ---------------
325 241
326 If you have advanced network configuration nee 242 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
327 consider using the network tools from ip-route 243 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
328 244
329 Packet Filter / NAT 245 Packet Filter / NAT
330 ------------------- 246 -------------------
331 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 247 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
332 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 248 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
333 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 249 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
334 250
335 PPP 251 PPP
336 --- 252 ---
337 253
338 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 254 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
339 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 255 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
340 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 256 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
341 257
342 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 258 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
343 which can be made by:: 259 which can be made by::
344 260
345 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 261 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
346 262
347 as root. 263 as root.
348 264
>> 265 Isdn4k-utils
>> 266 ------------
>> 267
>> 268 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 269 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 270
349 NFS-utils 271 NFS-utils
350 --------- 272 ---------
351 273
352 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 274 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
353 about any client that expected to be able to a 275 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
354 information would be given to the kernel by `` 276 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
355 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 277 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
356 would take information about active clients fr 278 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
357 279
358 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 280 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
359 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 281 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
360 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 282 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
361 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 283 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
362 284
363 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 285 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
364 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 286 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
365 appropriate export information to the kernel. 287 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
366 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 288 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
367 currently active clients. 289 currently active clients.
368 290
369 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 291 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
370 292
371 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 293 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
372 294
373 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 295 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
374 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 296 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
375 that is possible. 297 that is possible.
376 298
377 mcelog 299 mcelog
378 ------ 300 ------
379 301
380 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 302 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
381 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 303 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
382 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 304 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
383 305
384 Kernel documentation 306 Kernel documentation
385 ******************** 307 ********************
386 308
387 Sphinx 309 Sphinx
388 ------ 310 ------
389 311
390 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 312 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in ``Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst``
391 for details about Sphinx requirements. 313 for details about Sphinx requirements.
392 314
393 rustdoc <<
394 ------- <<
395 <<
396 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
397 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
398 <<
399 Getting updated software 315 Getting updated software
400 ======================== 316 ========================
401 317
402 Kernel compilation 318 Kernel compilation
403 ****************** 319 ******************
404 320
405 gcc 321 gcc
406 --- 322 ---
407 323
408 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 324 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
409 325
410 Clang/LLVM <<
411 ---------- <<
412 <<
413 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
414 <<
415 Rust <<
416 ---- <<
417 <<
418 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
419 <<
420 bindgen <<
421 ------- <<
422 <<
423 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
424 <<
425 Make 326 Make
426 ---- 327 ----
427 328
428 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 329 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
429 330
430 Bash <<
431 ---- <<
432 <<
433 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
434 <<
435 Binutils 331 Binutils
436 -------- 332 --------
437 333
438 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 334 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
439 335
440 Flex <<
441 ---- <<
442 <<
443 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> <<
444 <<
445 Bison <<
446 ----- <<
447 <<
448 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> <<
449 <<
450 OpenSSL 336 OpenSSL
451 ------- 337 -------
452 338
453 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 339 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
454 340
455 System utilities 341 System utilities
456 **************** 342 ****************
457 343
458 Util-linux 344 Util-linux
459 ---------- 345 ----------
460 346
461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 347 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
462 348
463 Kmod <<
464 ---- <<
465 <<
466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern <<
467 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel <<
468 <<
469 Ksymoops 349 Ksymoops
470 -------- 350 --------
471 351
472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 352 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
473 353
>> 354 Module-Init-Tools
>> 355 -----------------
>> 356
>> 357 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/>
>> 358
474 Mkinitrd 359 Mkinitrd
475 -------- 360 --------
476 361
477 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 362 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
478 363
479 E2fsprogs 364 E2fsprogs
480 --------- 365 ---------
481 366
482 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 367 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
483 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
484 368
485 JFSutils 369 JFSutils
486 -------- 370 --------
487 371
488 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 372 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
489 373
490 Reiserfsprogs 374 Reiserfsprogs
491 ------------- 375 -------------
492 376
493 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 377 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
494 378
495 Xfsprogs 379 Xfsprogs
496 -------- 380 --------
497 381
498 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 382 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
499 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
500 383
501 Pcmciautils 384 Pcmciautils
502 ----------- 385 -----------
503 386
504 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 387 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
505 388
506 Quota-tools 389 Quota-tools
507 ----------- 390 -----------
508 391
509 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 392 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
510 393
511 394
512 Intel P6 microcode 395 Intel P6 microcode
513 ------------------ 396 ------------------
514 397
515 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 398 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
516 399
517 udev 400 udev
518 ---- 401 ----
519 402
520 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 403 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
521 404
522 FUSE 405 FUSE
523 ---- 406 ----
524 407
525 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases !! 408 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
526 409
527 mcelog 410 mcelog
528 ------ 411 ------
529 412
530 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 413 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
531 <<
532 cpio <<
533 ---- <<
534 <<
535 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
536 414
537 Networking 415 Networking
538 ********** 416 **********
539 417
540 PPP 418 PPP
541 --- 419 ---
542 420
543 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 421 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
544 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 422
545 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 423 Isdn4k-utils
>> 424 ------------
>> 425
>> 426 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
546 427
547 NFS-utils 428 NFS-utils
548 --------- 429 ---------
549 430
550 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 431 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
551 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
552 432
553 Iptables 433 Iptables
554 -------- 434 --------
555 435
556 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 436 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
557 437
558 Ip-route2 438 Ip-route2
559 --------- 439 ---------
560 440
561 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 441 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
562 442
563 OProfile 443 OProfile
564 -------- 444 --------
565 445
566 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 446 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 447
>> 448 NFS-Utils
>> 449 ---------
>> 450
>> 451 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
567 452
568 Kernel documentation 453 Kernel documentation
569 ******************** 454 ********************
570 455
571 Sphinx 456 Sphinx
572 ------ 457 ------
573 458
574 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 459 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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