1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 3.2 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.81 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.20 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge <<
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 35 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 36 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 37 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount !! 38 module-init-tools 0.9.10 depmod -V
43 kmod 13 depmod <<
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 39 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 40 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 41 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 42 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 43 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 44 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 45 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 46 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 47 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 48 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 49 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 50 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 51 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
68 60
69 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
70 62
71 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
72 ****************** 64 ******************
73 65
74 GCC 66 GCC
75 --- 67 ---
76 68
77 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
78 computer. 70 computer.
79 71
80 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
81 --------------------- <<
82 <<
83 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
84 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
85 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
86 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
87 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
88 <<
89 Rust (optional) <<
90 --------------- <<
91 <<
92 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
93 <<
94 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
95 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
96 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
97 be detected. <<
98 <<
99 bindgen (optional) <<
100 ------------------ <<
101 <<
102 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
103 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
104 <<
105 Make 72 Make
106 ---- 73 ----
107 74
108 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 75 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
109 <<
110 Bash <<
111 ---- <<
112 <<
113 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
114 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
115 76
116 Binutils 77 Binutils
117 -------- 78 --------
118 79
119 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 80 The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`)
120 !! 81 rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.o intermediate steps.
121 pkg-config !! 82 This requires binutils 2.20 or newer.
122 ---------- <<
123 <<
124 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con <<
125 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings <<
126 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was <<
127 verified or documented. <<
128 83
129 Flex 84 Flex
130 ---- 85 ----
131 86
132 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 87 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
133 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 88 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
134 89
135 90
136 Bison 91 Bison
137 ----- 92 -----
138 93
139 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 94 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
140 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 95 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
141 96
142 pahole <<
143 ------ <<
144 <<
145 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
146 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
147 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
148 <<
149 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
150 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
151 <<
152 Perl 97 Perl
153 ---- 98 ----
154 99
155 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 100 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
156 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 101 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
157 102
158 BC 103 BC
159 -- 104 --
160 105
161 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 106 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
162 107
163 108
164 OpenSSL 109 OpenSSL
165 ------- 110 -------
166 111
167 Module signing and external certificate handli 112 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
168 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 113 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
169 114
170 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 115 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
171 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 116 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
172 and higher. 117 and higher.
173 118
174 Tar <<
175 --- <<
176 <<
177 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
178 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
179 <<
180 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
181 ----------------------------- <<
182 <<
183 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
184 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
185 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
186 <<
187 mkimage <<
188 ------- <<
189 <<
190 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
191 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
192 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
193 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
194 119
195 System utilities 120 System utilities
196 **************** 121 ****************
197 122
198 Architectural changes 123 Architectural changes
199 --------------------- 124 ---------------------
200 125
201 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 126 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
202 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 127 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
203 128
204 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 129 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
205 130
206 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 131 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
207 documentation via specially-formatted comments 132 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
208 definitions in the source. These comments can 133 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
209 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 134 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
210 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 135 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
211 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 136 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
212 Sphinx. 137 Sphinx.
213 138
214 Util-linux 139 Util-linux
215 ---------- 140 ----------
216 141
217 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 142 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
218 support new options to mount, recognize more s 143 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
219 types, and similar goodies. !! 144 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
220 You'll probably want to upgrade. 145 You'll probably want to upgrade.
221 146
222 Ksymoops 147 Ksymoops
223 -------- 148 --------
224 149
225 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 150 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
226 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 151 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
227 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 152 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
228 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 153 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
229 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 154 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
230 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 155 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
231 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 156 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
232 with ksymoops. 157 with ksymoops.
233 158
>> 159 Module-Init-Tools
>> 160 -----------------
>> 161
>> 162 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires ``module-init-tools``
>> 163 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
>> 164
234 Mkinitrd 165 Mkinitrd
235 -------- 166 --------
236 167
237 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 168 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
238 mkinitrd be upgraded. 169 mkinitrd be upgraded.
239 170
240 E2fsprogs 171 E2fsprogs
241 --------- 172 ---------
242 173
243 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 174 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
244 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 175 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
245 176
246 JFSutils 177 JFSutils
247 -------- 178 --------
248 179
249 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 180 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
250 The following utilities are available: 181 The following utilities are available:
251 182
252 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 183 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
253 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 184 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
254 185
255 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 186 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
256 187
257 - other file system utilities are also availab 188 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
258 189
259 Reiserfsprogs 190 Reiserfsprogs
260 ------------- 191 -------------
261 192
262 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 193 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
263 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 194 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
264 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 195 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
265 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 196 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
266 197
267 Xfsprogs 198 Xfsprogs
268 -------- 199 --------
269 200
270 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 201 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
271 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 202 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
272 architecture independent and any version from 203 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
273 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 204 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
274 later is recommended, due to some significant 205 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
275 206
276 PCMCIAutils 207 PCMCIAutils
277 ----------- 208 -----------
278 209
279 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 210 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
280 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 211 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
281 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 212 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
282 subsystem is used. 213 subsystem is used.
283 214
284 Quota-tools 215 Quota-tools
285 ----------- 216 -----------
286 217
287 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 218 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
288 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 219 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
289 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 220 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
290 from the table above. 221 from the table above.
291 222
292 Intel IA32 microcode 223 Intel IA32 microcode
293 -------------------- 224 --------------------
294 225
295 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 226 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
296 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 227 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
297 udev you may need to:: 228 udev you may need to::
298 229
299 mkdir /dev/cpu 230 mkdir /dev/cpu
300 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 231 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
301 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 232 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
302 233
303 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 234 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
304 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 235 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
305 236
306 udev 237 udev
307 ---- 238 ----
308 239
309 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 240 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
310 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 241 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
311 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 242 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
312 devices. 243 devices.
313 244
314 FUSE 245 FUSE
315 ---- 246 ----
316 247
317 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 248 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
318 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 249 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
319 250
320 Networking 251 Networking
321 ********** 252 **********
322 253
323 General changes 254 General changes
324 --------------- 255 ---------------
325 256
326 If you have advanced network configuration nee 257 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
327 consider using the network tools from ip-route 258 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
328 259
329 Packet Filter / NAT 260 Packet Filter / NAT
330 ------------------- 261 -------------------
331 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 262 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
332 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 263 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
333 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 264 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
334 265
335 PPP 266 PPP
336 --- 267 ---
337 268
338 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 269 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
339 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 270 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
340 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 271 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
341 272
342 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 273 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
343 which can be made by:: 274 which can be made by::
344 275
345 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 276 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
346 277
347 as root. 278 as root.
348 279
>> 280 Isdn4k-utils
>> 281 ------------
>> 282
>> 283 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 284 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 285
349 NFS-utils 286 NFS-utils
350 --------- 287 ---------
351 288
352 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 289 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
353 about any client that expected to be able to a 290 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
354 information would be given to the kernel by `` 291 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
355 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 292 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
356 would take information about active clients fr 293 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
357 294
358 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 295 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
359 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 296 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
360 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 297 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
361 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 298 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
362 299
363 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 300 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
364 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 301 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
365 appropriate export information to the kernel. 302 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
366 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 303 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
367 currently active clients. 304 currently active clients.
368 305
369 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 306 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
370 307
371 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 308 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
372 309
373 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 310 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
374 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 311 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
375 that is possible. 312 that is possible.
376 313
377 mcelog 314 mcelog
378 ------ 315 ------
379 316
380 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 317 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
381 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 318 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
382 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 319 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
383 320
384 Kernel documentation 321 Kernel documentation
385 ******************** 322 ********************
386 323
387 Sphinx 324 Sphinx
388 ------ 325 ------
389 326
390 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu !! 327 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in ``Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst``
391 for details about Sphinx requirements. 328 for details about Sphinx requirements.
392 329
393 rustdoc <<
394 ------- <<
395 <<
396 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
397 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
398 <<
399 Getting updated software 330 Getting updated software
400 ======================== 331 ========================
401 332
402 Kernel compilation 333 Kernel compilation
403 ****************** 334 ******************
404 335
405 gcc 336 gcc
406 --- 337 ---
407 338
408 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 339 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
409 340
410 Clang/LLVM <<
411 ---------- <<
412 <<
413 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
414 <<
415 Rust <<
416 ---- <<
417 <<
418 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
419 <<
420 bindgen <<
421 ------- <<
422 <<
423 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
424 <<
425 Make 341 Make
426 ---- 342 ----
427 343
428 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 344 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
429 345
430 Bash <<
431 ---- <<
432 <<
433 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
434 <<
435 Binutils 346 Binutils
436 -------- 347 --------
437 348
438 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 349 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
439 350
440 Flex 351 Flex
441 ---- 352 ----
442 353
443 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 354 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
444 355
445 Bison 356 Bison
446 ----- 357 -----
447 358
448 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 359 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
449 360
450 OpenSSL 361 OpenSSL
451 ------- 362 -------
452 363
453 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 364 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
454 365
455 System utilities 366 System utilities
456 **************** 367 ****************
457 368
458 Util-linux 369 Util-linux
459 ---------- 370 ----------
460 371
461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 372 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
462 373
463 Kmod <<
464 ---- <<
465 <<
466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern <<
467 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel <<
468 <<
469 Ksymoops 374 Ksymoops
470 -------- 375 --------
471 376
472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 377 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
473 378
>> 379 Module-Init-Tools
>> 380 -----------------
>> 381
>> 382 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/module-init-tools/>
>> 383
474 Mkinitrd 384 Mkinitrd
475 -------- 385 --------
476 386
477 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 387 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
478 388
479 E2fsprogs 389 E2fsprogs
480 --------- 390 ---------
481 391
482 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 392 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
483 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
484 393
485 JFSutils 394 JFSutils
486 -------- 395 --------
487 396
488 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 397 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
489 398
490 Reiserfsprogs 399 Reiserfsprogs
491 ------------- 400 -------------
492 401
493 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 402 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
494 403
495 Xfsprogs 404 Xfsprogs
496 -------- 405 --------
497 406
498 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 407 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
499 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
500 408
501 Pcmciautils 409 Pcmciautils
502 ----------- 410 -----------
503 411
504 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 412 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
505 413
506 Quota-tools 414 Quota-tools
507 ----------- 415 -----------
508 416
509 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 417 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
510 418
511 419
512 Intel P6 microcode 420 Intel P6 microcode
513 ------------------ 421 ------------------
514 422
515 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 423 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
516 424
517 udev 425 udev
518 ---- 426 ----
519 427
520 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 428 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
521 429
522 FUSE 430 FUSE
523 ---- 431 ----
524 432
525 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases !! 433 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
526 434
527 mcelog 435 mcelog
528 ------ 436 ------
529 437
530 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 438 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
531 <<
532 cpio <<
533 ---- <<
534 <<
535 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
536 439
537 Networking 440 Networking
538 ********** 441 **********
539 442
540 PPP 443 PPP
541 --- 444 ---
542 445
543 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 446 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
544 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 447
545 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 448 Isdn4k-utils
>> 449 ------------
>> 450
>> 451 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
546 452
547 NFS-utils 453 NFS-utils
548 --------- 454 ---------
549 455
550 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 456 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
551 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
552 457
553 Iptables 458 Iptables
554 -------- 459 --------
555 460
556 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 461 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
557 462
558 Ip-route2 463 Ip-route2
559 --------- 464 ---------
560 465
561 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
562 467
563 OProfile 468 OProfile
564 -------- 469 --------
565 470
566 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 471 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 472
>> 473 NFS-Utils
>> 474 ---------
>> 475
>> 476 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
567 477
568 Kernel documentation 478 Kernel documentation
569 ******************** 479 ********************
570 480
571 Sphinx 481 Sphinx
572 ------ 482 ------
573 483
574 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 484 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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