1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 4.9 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 10.0.1 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 GNU make 3.81 make --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 binutils 2.23 ld -v
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 36 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 37 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 38 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 39 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 40 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 41 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 42 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 43 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 44 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 45 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 46 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 47 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 48 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 49 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 50 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 51 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
68 60
69 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
70 62
71 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
72 ****************** 64 ******************
73 65
74 GCC 66 GCC
75 --- 67 ---
76 68
77 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
78 computer. 70 computer.
79 71
80 Clang/LLVM (optional) 72 Clang/LLVM (optional)
81 --------------------- 73 ---------------------
82 74
83 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 75 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
84 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 76 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
85 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 77 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
86 from the kernel that were used to support olde 78 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
87 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 79 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
88 80
89 Rust (optional) <<
90 --------------- <<
91 <<
92 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
93 <<
94 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
95 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
96 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
97 be detected. <<
98 <<
99 bindgen (optional) <<
100 ------------------ <<
101 <<
102 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
103 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
104 <<
105 Make 81 Make
106 ---- 82 ----
107 83
108 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 84 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
109 <<
110 Bash <<
111 ---- <<
112 <<
113 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
114 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
115 85
116 Binutils 86 Binutils
117 -------- 87 --------
118 88
119 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 89 Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
120 90
121 pkg-config 91 pkg-config
122 ---------- 92 ----------
123 93
124 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 94 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
125 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 95 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
126 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 96 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
127 verified or documented. 97 verified or documented.
128 98
129 Flex 99 Flex
130 ---- 100 ----
131 101
132 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 102 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
133 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 103 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
134 104
135 105
136 Bison 106 Bison
137 ----- 107 -----
138 108
139 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 109 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
140 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 110 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
141 111
142 pahole <<
143 ------ <<
144 <<
145 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
146 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
147 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
148 <<
149 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
150 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
151 <<
152 Perl 112 Perl
153 ---- 113 ----
154 114
155 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 115 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
156 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 116 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
157 117
158 BC 118 BC
159 -- 119 --
160 120
161 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 121 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
162 122
163 123
164 OpenSSL 124 OpenSSL
165 ------- 125 -------
166 126
167 Module signing and external certificate handli 127 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
168 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 128 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
169 129
170 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 130 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
171 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 131 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
172 and higher. 132 and higher.
173 133
174 Tar <<
175 --- <<
176 <<
177 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
178 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
179 <<
180 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
181 ----------------------------- <<
182 <<
183 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
184 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
185 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
186 <<
187 mkimage <<
188 ------- <<
189 <<
190 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
191 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
192 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
193 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
194 134
195 System utilities 135 System utilities
196 **************** 136 ****************
197 137
198 Architectural changes 138 Architectural changes
199 --------------------- 139 ---------------------
200 140
201 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 141 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
202 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 142 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
203 143
204 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 144 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
205 145
206 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 146 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
207 documentation via specially-formatted comments 147 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
208 definitions in the source. These comments can 148 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
209 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 149 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
210 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 150 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
211 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 151 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
212 Sphinx. 152 Sphinx.
213 153
214 Util-linux 154 Util-linux
215 ---------- 155 ----------
216 156
217 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 157 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
218 support new options to mount, recognize more s 158 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
219 types, and similar goodies. !! 159 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
220 You'll probably want to upgrade. 160 You'll probably want to upgrade.
221 161
222 Ksymoops 162 Ksymoops
223 -------- 163 --------
224 164
225 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 165 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
226 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 166 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
227 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 167 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
228 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 168 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
229 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 169 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
230 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 170 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
231 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 171 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
232 with ksymoops. 172 with ksymoops.
233 173
234 Mkinitrd 174 Mkinitrd
235 -------- 175 --------
236 176
237 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 177 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
238 mkinitrd be upgraded. 178 mkinitrd be upgraded.
239 179
240 E2fsprogs 180 E2fsprogs
241 --------- 181 ---------
242 182
243 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 183 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
244 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 184 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
245 185
246 JFSutils 186 JFSutils
247 -------- 187 --------
248 188
249 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 189 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
250 The following utilities are available: 190 The following utilities are available:
251 191
252 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 192 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
253 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 193 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
254 194
255 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 195 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
256 196
257 - other file system utilities are also availab 197 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
258 198
259 Reiserfsprogs 199 Reiserfsprogs
260 ------------- 200 -------------
261 201
262 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 202 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
263 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 203 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
264 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 204 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
265 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 205 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
266 206
267 Xfsprogs 207 Xfsprogs
268 -------- 208 --------
269 209
270 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 210 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
271 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 211 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
272 architecture independent and any version from 212 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
273 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 213 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
274 later is recommended, due to some significant 214 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
275 215
276 PCMCIAutils 216 PCMCIAutils
277 ----------- 217 -----------
278 218
279 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 219 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
280 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 220 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
281 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 221 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
282 subsystem is used. 222 subsystem is used.
283 223
284 Quota-tools 224 Quota-tools
285 ----------- 225 -----------
286 226
287 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 227 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
288 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 228 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
289 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 229 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
290 from the table above. 230 from the table above.
291 231
292 Intel IA32 microcode 232 Intel IA32 microcode
293 -------------------- 233 --------------------
294 234
295 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 235 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
296 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 236 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
297 udev you may need to:: 237 udev you may need to::
298 238
299 mkdir /dev/cpu 239 mkdir /dev/cpu
300 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 240 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
301 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 241 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
302 242
303 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 243 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
304 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 244 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
305 245
306 udev 246 udev
307 ---- 247 ----
308 248
309 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 249 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
310 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 250 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
311 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 251 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
312 devices. 252 devices.
313 253
314 FUSE 254 FUSE
315 ---- 255 ----
316 256
317 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 257 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
318 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 258 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
319 259
320 Networking 260 Networking
321 ********** 261 **********
322 262
323 General changes 263 General changes
324 --------------- 264 ---------------
325 265
326 If you have advanced network configuration nee 266 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
327 consider using the network tools from ip-route 267 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
328 268
329 Packet Filter / NAT 269 Packet Filter / NAT
330 ------------------- 270 -------------------
331 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 271 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
332 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 272 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
333 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 273 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
334 274
335 PPP 275 PPP
336 --- 276 ---
337 277
338 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 278 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
339 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 279 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
340 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 280 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
341 281
342 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 282 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
343 which can be made by:: 283 which can be made by::
344 284
345 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 285 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
346 286
347 as root. 287 as root.
348 288
349 NFS-utils 289 NFS-utils
350 --------- 290 ---------
351 291
352 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 292 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
353 about any client that expected to be able to a 293 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
354 information would be given to the kernel by `` 294 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
355 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 295 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
356 would take information about active clients fr 296 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
357 297
358 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 298 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
359 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 299 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
360 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 300 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
361 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 301 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
362 302
363 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 303 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
364 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 304 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
365 appropriate export information to the kernel. 305 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
366 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 306 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
367 currently active clients. 307 currently active clients.
368 308
369 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 309 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
370 310
371 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 311 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
372 312
373 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 313 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
374 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 314 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
375 that is possible. 315 that is possible.
376 316
377 mcelog 317 mcelog
378 ------ 318 ------
379 319
380 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 320 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
381 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 321 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
382 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 322 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
383 323
384 Kernel documentation 324 Kernel documentation
385 ******************** 325 ********************
386 326
387 Sphinx 327 Sphinx
388 ------ 328 ------
389 329
390 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 330 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
391 for details about Sphinx requirements. 331 for details about Sphinx requirements.
392 332
393 rustdoc <<
394 ------- <<
395 <<
396 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
397 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
398 <<
399 Getting updated software 333 Getting updated software
400 ======================== 334 ========================
401 335
402 Kernel compilation 336 Kernel compilation
403 ****************** 337 ******************
404 338
405 gcc 339 gcc
406 --- 340 ---
407 341
408 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 342 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
409 343
410 Clang/LLVM 344 Clang/LLVM
411 ---------- 345 ----------
412 346
413 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 347 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
414 348
415 Rust <<
416 ---- <<
417 <<
418 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
419 <<
420 bindgen <<
421 ------- <<
422 <<
423 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
424 <<
425 Make 349 Make
426 ---- 350 ----
427 351
428 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 352 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
429 353
430 Bash <<
431 ---- <<
432 <<
433 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
434 <<
435 Binutils 354 Binutils
436 -------- 355 --------
437 356
438 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 357 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
439 358
440 Flex 359 Flex
441 ---- 360 ----
442 361
443 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 362 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
444 363
445 Bison 364 Bison
446 ----- 365 -----
447 366
448 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 367 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
449 368
450 OpenSSL 369 OpenSSL
451 ------- 370 -------
452 371
453 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 372 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
454 373
455 System utilities 374 System utilities
456 **************** 375 ****************
457 376
458 Util-linux 377 Util-linux
459 ---------- 378 ----------
460 379
461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 380 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
462 381
463 Kmod 382 Kmod
464 ---- 383 ----
465 384
466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 385 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
467 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 386 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
468 387
469 Ksymoops 388 Ksymoops
470 -------- 389 --------
471 390
472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 391 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
473 392
474 Mkinitrd 393 Mkinitrd
475 -------- 394 --------
476 395
477 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 396 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
478 397
479 E2fsprogs 398 E2fsprogs
480 --------- 399 ---------
481 400
482 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 401 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
483 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 402 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
484 403
485 JFSutils 404 JFSutils
486 -------- 405 --------
487 406
488 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 407 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
489 408
490 Reiserfsprogs 409 Reiserfsprogs
491 ------------- 410 -------------
492 411
493 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 412 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
494 413
495 Xfsprogs 414 Xfsprogs
496 -------- 415 --------
497 416
498 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 417 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
499 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 418 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
500 419
501 Pcmciautils 420 Pcmciautils
502 ----------- 421 -----------
503 422
504 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 423 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
505 424
506 Quota-tools 425 Quota-tools
507 ----------- 426 -----------
508 427
509 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 428 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
510 429
511 430
512 Intel P6 microcode 431 Intel P6 microcode
513 ------------------ 432 ------------------
514 433
515 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 434 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
516 435
517 udev 436 udev
518 ---- 437 ----
519 438
520 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 439 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
521 440
522 FUSE 441 FUSE
523 ---- 442 ----
524 443
525 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 444 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
526 445
527 mcelog 446 mcelog
528 ------ 447 ------
529 448
530 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 449 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
531 <<
532 cpio <<
533 ---- <<
534 <<
535 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
536 450
537 Networking 451 Networking
538 ********** 452 **********
539 453
540 PPP 454 PPP
541 --- 455 ---
542 456
543 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 457 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
544 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 458 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
545 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 459 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
546 460
547 NFS-utils 461 NFS-utils
548 --------- 462 ---------
549 463
550 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 464 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
551 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
552 465
553 Iptables 466 Iptables
554 -------- 467 --------
555 468
556 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 469 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
557 470
558 Ip-route2 471 Ip-route2
559 --------- 472 ---------
560 473
561 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 474 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
562 475
563 OProfile 476 OProfile
564 -------- 477 --------
565 478
566 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 479 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 480
>> 481 NFS-Utils
>> 482 ---------
>> 483
>> 484 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
567 485
568 Kernel documentation 486 Kernel documentation
569 ******************** 487 ********************
570 488
571 Sphinx 489 Sphinx
572 ------ 490 ------
573 491
574 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 492 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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