1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- 32 GNU C 5.1 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 10.0.1 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 GNU make 3.81 make --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge !! 35 binutils 2.23 ld -v
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 36 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 37 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole 38 pahole 1.16 pahole --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount !! 39 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
43 kmod 13 depmod 40 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 41 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 42 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 43 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 44 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 45 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 46 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 47 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 48 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 49 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 50 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 51 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.7 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
68 60
69 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
70 62
71 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
72 ****************** 64 ******************
73 65
74 GCC 66 GCC
75 --- 67 ---
76 68
77 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
78 computer. 70 computer.
79 71
80 Clang/LLVM (optional) 72 Clang/LLVM (optional)
81 --------------------- 73 ---------------------
82 74
83 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 75 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
84 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 76 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
85 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 77 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
86 from the kernel that were used to support olde 78 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
87 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 79 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
88 80
89 Rust (optional) <<
90 --------------- <<
91 <<
92 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
93 <<
94 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
95 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
96 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
97 be detected. <<
98 <<
99 bindgen (optional) <<
100 ------------------ <<
101 <<
102 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
103 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
104 <<
105 Make 81 Make
106 ---- 82 ----
107 83
108 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 84 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
109 <<
110 Bash <<
111 ---- <<
112 <<
113 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
114 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
115 85
116 Binutils 86 Binutils
117 -------- 87 --------
118 88
119 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 89 Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
120 90
121 pkg-config 91 pkg-config
122 ---------- 92 ----------
123 93
124 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 94 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
125 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 95 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
126 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 96 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
127 verified or documented. 97 verified or documented.
128 98
129 Flex 99 Flex
130 ---- 100 ----
131 101
132 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 102 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
133 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 103 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
134 104
135 105
136 Bison 106 Bison
137 ----- 107 -----
138 108
139 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 109 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
140 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 110 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
141 111
142 pahole !! 112 pahole:
143 ------ !! 113 -------
144 114
145 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s 115 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system
146 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in 116 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from kernel
147 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o 117 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 or later.
148 118
149 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr 119 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from
150 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. 120 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/.
151 121
152 Perl 122 Perl
153 ---- 123 ----
154 124
155 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 125 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
156 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 126 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
157 127
158 BC 128 BC
159 -- 129 --
160 130
161 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 131 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
162 132
163 133
164 OpenSSL 134 OpenSSL
165 ------- 135 -------
166 136
167 Module signing and external certificate handli 137 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
168 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 138 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
169 139
170 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 140 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
171 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 141 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
172 and higher. 142 and higher.
173 143
174 Tar <<
175 --- <<
176 <<
177 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
178 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
179 <<
180 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
181 ----------------------------- <<
182 <<
183 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
184 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
185 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
186 <<
187 mkimage <<
188 ------- <<
189 <<
190 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
191 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
192 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
193 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
194 144
195 System utilities 145 System utilities
196 **************** 146 ****************
197 147
198 Architectural changes 148 Architectural changes
199 --------------------- 149 ---------------------
200 150
201 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 151 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
202 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 152 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
203 153
204 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 154 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
205 155
206 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 156 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
207 documentation via specially-formatted comments 157 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
208 definitions in the source. These comments can 158 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
209 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 159 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
210 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 160 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
211 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 161 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
212 Sphinx. 162 Sphinx.
213 163
214 Util-linux 164 Util-linux
215 ---------- 165 ----------
216 166
217 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 167 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
218 support new options to mount, recognize more s 168 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
219 types, and similar goodies. !! 169 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
220 You'll probably want to upgrade. 170 You'll probably want to upgrade.
221 171
222 Ksymoops 172 Ksymoops
223 -------- 173 --------
224 174
225 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 175 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
226 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 176 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
227 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 177 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
228 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 178 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
229 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 179 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
230 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 180 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
231 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 181 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
232 with ksymoops. 182 with ksymoops.
233 183
234 Mkinitrd 184 Mkinitrd
235 -------- 185 --------
236 186
237 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 187 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
238 mkinitrd be upgraded. 188 mkinitrd be upgraded.
239 189
240 E2fsprogs 190 E2fsprogs
241 --------- 191 ---------
242 192
243 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 193 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
244 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 194 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
245 195
246 JFSutils 196 JFSutils
247 -------- 197 --------
248 198
249 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 199 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
250 The following utilities are available: 200 The following utilities are available:
251 201
252 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 202 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
253 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 203 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
254 204
255 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 205 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
256 206
257 - other file system utilities are also availab 207 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
258 208
259 Reiserfsprogs 209 Reiserfsprogs
260 ------------- 210 -------------
261 211
262 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 212 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
263 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 213 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
264 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 214 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
265 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 215 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
266 216
267 Xfsprogs 217 Xfsprogs
268 -------- 218 --------
269 219
270 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 220 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
271 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 221 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
272 architecture independent and any version from 222 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
273 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 223 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
274 later is recommended, due to some significant 224 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
275 225
276 PCMCIAutils 226 PCMCIAutils
277 ----------- 227 -----------
278 228
279 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 229 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
280 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 230 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
281 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 231 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
282 subsystem is used. 232 subsystem is used.
283 233
284 Quota-tools 234 Quota-tools
285 ----------- 235 -----------
286 236
287 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 237 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
288 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 238 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
289 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 239 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
290 from the table above. 240 from the table above.
291 241
292 Intel IA32 microcode 242 Intel IA32 microcode
293 -------------------- 243 --------------------
294 244
295 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 245 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
296 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 246 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
297 udev you may need to:: 247 udev you may need to::
298 248
299 mkdir /dev/cpu 249 mkdir /dev/cpu
300 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 250 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
301 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 251 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
302 252
303 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 253 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
304 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 254 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
305 255
306 udev 256 udev
307 ---- 257 ----
308 258
309 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 259 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
310 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 260 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
311 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 261 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
312 devices. 262 devices.
313 263
314 FUSE 264 FUSE
315 ---- 265 ----
316 266
317 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 267 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
318 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 268 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
319 269
320 Networking 270 Networking
321 ********** 271 **********
322 272
323 General changes 273 General changes
324 --------------- 274 ---------------
325 275
326 If you have advanced network configuration nee 276 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
327 consider using the network tools from ip-route 277 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
328 278
329 Packet Filter / NAT 279 Packet Filter / NAT
330 ------------------- 280 -------------------
331 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 281 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
332 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 282 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
333 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 283 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
334 284
335 PPP 285 PPP
336 --- 286 ---
337 287
338 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 288 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
339 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 289 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
340 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 290 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
341 291
342 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 292 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
343 which can be made by:: 293 which can be made by::
344 294
345 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 295 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
346 296
347 as root. 297 as root.
348 298
349 NFS-utils 299 NFS-utils
350 --------- 300 ---------
351 301
352 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 302 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
353 about any client that expected to be able to a 303 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
354 information would be given to the kernel by `` 304 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
355 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 305 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
356 would take information about active clients fr 306 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
357 307
358 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 308 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
359 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 309 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
360 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 310 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
361 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 311 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
362 312
363 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 313 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
364 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 314 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
365 appropriate export information to the kernel. 315 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
366 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 316 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
367 currently active clients. 317 currently active clients.
368 318
369 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 319 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
370 320
371 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 321 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
372 322
373 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 323 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
374 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 324 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
375 that is possible. 325 that is possible.
376 326
377 mcelog 327 mcelog
378 ------ 328 ------
379 329
380 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 330 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
381 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 331 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
382 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 332 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
383 333
384 Kernel documentation 334 Kernel documentation
385 ******************** 335 ********************
386 336
387 Sphinx 337 Sphinx
388 ------ 338 ------
389 339
390 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 340 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
391 for details about Sphinx requirements. 341 for details about Sphinx requirements.
392 342
393 rustdoc <<
394 ------- <<
395 <<
396 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
397 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
398 <<
399 Getting updated software 343 Getting updated software
400 ======================== 344 ========================
401 345
402 Kernel compilation 346 Kernel compilation
403 ****************** 347 ******************
404 348
405 gcc 349 gcc
406 --- 350 ---
407 351
408 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 352 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
409 353
410 Clang/LLVM 354 Clang/LLVM
411 ---------- 355 ----------
412 356
413 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 357 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
414 358
415 Rust <<
416 ---- <<
417 <<
418 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
419 <<
420 bindgen <<
421 ------- <<
422 <<
423 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
424 <<
425 Make 359 Make
426 ---- 360 ----
427 361
428 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 362 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
429 363
430 Bash <<
431 ---- <<
432 <<
433 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
434 <<
435 Binutils 364 Binutils
436 -------- 365 --------
437 366
438 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 367 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
439 368
440 Flex 369 Flex
441 ---- 370 ----
442 371
443 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 372 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
444 373
445 Bison 374 Bison
446 ----- 375 -----
447 376
448 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 377 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
449 378
450 OpenSSL 379 OpenSSL
451 ------- 380 -------
452 381
453 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 382 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
454 383
455 System utilities 384 System utilities
456 **************** 385 ****************
457 386
458 Util-linux 387 Util-linux
459 ---------- 388 ----------
460 389
461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 390 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
462 391
463 Kmod 392 Kmod
464 ---- 393 ----
465 394
466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 395 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
467 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 396 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
468 397
469 Ksymoops 398 Ksymoops
470 -------- 399 --------
471 400
472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 401 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
473 402
474 Mkinitrd 403 Mkinitrd
475 -------- 404 --------
476 405
477 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 406 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
478 407
479 E2fsprogs 408 E2fsprogs
480 --------- 409 ---------
481 410
482 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 411 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
483 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 412 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
484 413
485 JFSutils 414 JFSutils
486 -------- 415 --------
487 416
488 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 417 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
489 418
490 Reiserfsprogs 419 Reiserfsprogs
491 ------------- 420 -------------
492 421
493 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 422 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
494 423
495 Xfsprogs 424 Xfsprogs
496 -------- 425 --------
497 426
498 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 427 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
499 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 428 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
500 429
501 Pcmciautils 430 Pcmciautils
502 ----------- 431 -----------
503 432
504 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 433 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
505 434
506 Quota-tools 435 Quota-tools
507 ----------- 436 -----------
508 437
509 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 438 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
510 439
511 440
512 Intel P6 microcode 441 Intel P6 microcode
513 ------------------ 442 ------------------
514 443
515 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 444 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
516 445
517 udev 446 udev
518 ---- 447 ----
519 448
520 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 449 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
521 450
522 FUSE 451 FUSE
523 ---- 452 ----
524 453
525 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 454 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
526 455
527 mcelog 456 mcelog
528 ------ 457 ------
529 458
530 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 459 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
531 <<
532 cpio <<
533 ---- <<
534 <<
535 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
536 460
537 Networking 461 Networking
538 ********** 462 **********
539 463
540 PPP 464 PPP
541 --- 465 ---
542 466
543 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 467 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
544 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 468 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
545 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 469 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
546 470
547 NFS-utils 471 NFS-utils
548 --------- 472 ---------
549 473
550 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 474 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
551 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
552 475
553 Iptables 476 Iptables
554 -------- 477 --------
555 478
556 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 479 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
557 480
558 Ip-route2 481 Ip-route2
559 --------- 482 ---------
560 483
561 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 484 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
562 485
563 OProfile 486 OProfile
564 -------- 487 --------
565 488
566 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 489 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 490
>> 491 NFS-Utils
>> 492 ---------
>> 493
>> 494 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
567 495
568 Kernel documentation 496 Kernel documentation
569 ******************** 497 ********************
570 498
571 Sphinx 499 Sphinx
572 ------ 500 ------
573 501
574 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 502 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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