1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v 10 software necessary to run the current kernel version.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC Card hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmciautils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- 32 GNU C 5.1 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 11.0.0 clang --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 GNU make 3.81 make --version
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge <<
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - 35 bash 4.2 bash --version
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v !! 36 binutils 2.23 ld -v
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 37 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 38 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole 39 pahole 1.16 pahole --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount !! 40 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
43 kmod 13 depmod 41 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 42 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 43 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 44 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 45 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 46 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 47 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 48 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 49 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 50 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 51 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 52 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
55 udev 081 udevd 53 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 54 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 55 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 56 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 57 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 58 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 59 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.7 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - 60 cpio any cpio --version
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 ====================== =============== ====== 61 ====================== =============== ========================================
68 62
69 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 63 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
70 64
71 Kernel compilation 65 Kernel compilation
72 ****************** 66 ******************
73 67
74 GCC 68 GCC
75 --- 69 ---
76 70
77 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 71 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
78 computer. 72 computer.
79 73
80 Clang/LLVM (optional) 74 Clang/LLVM (optional)
81 --------------------- 75 ---------------------
82 76
83 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut 77 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM utils (according to
84 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> 78 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org>`_) are supported for building
85 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w 79 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to work, and we may drop workarounds
86 from the kernel that were used to support olde 80 from the kernel that were used to support older versions. Please see additional
87 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < 81 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
88 82
89 Rust (optional) <<
90 --------------- <<
91 <<
92 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
93 <<
94 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
95 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
96 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
97 be detected. <<
98 <<
99 bindgen (optional) <<
100 ------------------ <<
101 <<
102 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
103 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
104 <<
105 Make 83 Make
106 ---- 84 ----
107 85
108 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 86 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
109 87
110 Bash 88 Bash
111 ---- 89 ----
112 90
113 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil 91 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel build.
114 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. 92 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed.
115 93
116 Binutils 94 Binutils
117 -------- 95 --------
118 96
119 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 97 Binutils 2.23 or newer is needed to build the kernel.
120 98
121 pkg-config 99 pkg-config
122 ---------- 100 ----------
123 101
124 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 102 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
125 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 103 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
126 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 104 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
127 verified or documented. 105 verified or documented.
128 106
129 Flex 107 Flex
130 ---- 108 ----
131 109
132 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 110 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
133 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 111 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
134 112
135 113
136 Bison 114 Bison
137 ----- 115 -----
138 116
139 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 117 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
140 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 118 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
141 119
142 pahole !! 120 pahole:
143 ------ !! 121 -------
144 122
145 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s 123 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is selected, the build system
146 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in 124 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in vmlinux, a bit later from kernel
147 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o 125 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 or later.
148 126
149 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr 127 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distro packages or from
150 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. 128 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/.
151 129
152 Perl 130 Perl
153 ---- 131 ----
154 132
155 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 133 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
156 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 134 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
157 135
158 BC 136 BC
159 -- 137 --
160 138
161 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 139 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
162 140
163 141
164 OpenSSL 142 OpenSSL
165 ------- 143 -------
166 144
167 Module signing and external certificate handli 145 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
168 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 146 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
169 147
170 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 148 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
171 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 149 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
172 and higher. 150 and higher.
173 151
174 Tar <<
175 --- <<
176 <<
177 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
178 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
179 <<
180 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
181 ----------------------------- <<
182 <<
183 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
184 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
185 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
186 <<
187 mkimage <<
188 ------- <<
189 <<
190 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
191 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
192 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
193 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
194 152
195 System utilities 153 System utilities
196 **************** 154 ****************
197 155
198 Architectural changes 156 Architectural changes
199 --------------------- 157 ---------------------
200 158
201 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 159 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
202 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel 160 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
203 161
204 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 162 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
205 163
206 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 164 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
207 documentation via specially-formatted comments 165 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
208 definitions in the source. These comments can 166 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
209 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 167 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
210 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 168 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
211 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 169 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
212 Sphinx. 170 Sphinx.
213 171
214 Util-linux 172 Util-linux
215 ---------- 173 ----------
216 174
217 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 175 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
218 support new options to mount, recognize more s 176 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
219 types, and similar goodies. !! 177 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
220 You'll probably want to upgrade. 178 You'll probably want to upgrade.
221 179
222 Ksymoops 180 Ksymoops
223 -------- 181 --------
224 182
225 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 183 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
226 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 184 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
227 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 185 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
228 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 186 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
229 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 187 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
230 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 188 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
231 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 189 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
232 with ksymoops. 190 with ksymoops.
233 191
234 Mkinitrd 192 Mkinitrd
235 -------- 193 --------
236 194
237 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 195 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
238 mkinitrd be upgraded. 196 mkinitrd be upgraded.
239 197
240 E2fsprogs 198 E2fsprogs
241 --------- 199 ---------
242 200
243 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 201 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
244 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 202 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
245 203
246 JFSutils 204 JFSutils
247 -------- 205 --------
248 206
249 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 207 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
250 The following utilities are available: 208 The following utilities are available:
251 209
252 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 210 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
253 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 211 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
254 212
255 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 213 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
256 214
257 - other file system utilities are also availab 215 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
258 216
259 Reiserfsprogs 217 Reiserfsprogs
260 ------------- 218 -------------
261 219
262 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 220 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
263 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 221 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
264 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 222 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
265 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 223 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
266 224
267 Xfsprogs 225 Xfsprogs
268 -------- 226 --------
269 227
270 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 228 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
271 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 229 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
272 architecture independent and any version from 230 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
273 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 231 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
274 later is recommended, due to some significant 232 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
275 233
276 PCMCIAutils 234 PCMCIAutils
277 ----------- 235 -----------
278 236
279 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 237 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
280 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 238 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
281 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 239 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
282 subsystem is used. 240 subsystem is used.
283 241
284 Quota-tools 242 Quota-tools
285 ----------- 243 -----------
286 244
287 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 245 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
288 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 246 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
289 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 247 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
290 from the table above. 248 from the table above.
291 249
292 Intel IA32 microcode 250 Intel IA32 microcode
293 -------------------- 251 --------------------
294 252
295 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 253 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
296 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 254 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
297 udev you may need to:: 255 udev you may need to::
298 256
299 mkdir /dev/cpu 257 mkdir /dev/cpu
300 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 258 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
301 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 259 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
302 260
303 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 261 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
304 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 262 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
305 263
306 udev 264 udev
307 ---- 265 ----
308 266
309 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 267 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
310 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 268 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
311 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 269 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
312 devices. 270 devices.
313 271
314 FUSE 272 FUSE
315 ---- 273 ----
316 274
317 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 275 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
318 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 276 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
319 277
320 Networking 278 Networking
321 ********** 279 **********
322 280
323 General changes 281 General changes
324 --------------- 282 ---------------
325 283
326 If you have advanced network configuration nee 284 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
327 consider using the network tools from ip-route 285 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
328 286
329 Packet Filter / NAT 287 Packet Filter / NAT
330 ------------------- 288 -------------------
331 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 289 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
332 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 290 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
333 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 291 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
334 292
335 PPP 293 PPP
336 --- 294 ---
337 295
338 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 296 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
339 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 297 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
340 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 298 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
341 299
342 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 300 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
343 which can be made by:: 301 which can be made by::
344 302
345 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 303 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
346 304
347 as root. 305 as root.
348 306
349 NFS-utils 307 NFS-utils
350 --------- 308 ---------
351 309
352 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 310 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
353 about any client that expected to be able to a 311 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
354 information would be given to the kernel by `` 312 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
355 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 313 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
356 would take information about active clients fr 314 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
357 315
358 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 316 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
359 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 317 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
360 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 318 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
361 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 319 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
362 320
363 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 321 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
364 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 322 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
365 appropriate export information to the kernel. 323 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
366 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 324 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
367 currently active clients. 325 currently active clients.
368 326
369 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 327 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
370 328
371 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 329 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
372 330
373 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 331 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
374 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 332 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
375 that is possible. 333 that is possible.
376 334
377 mcelog 335 mcelog
378 ------ 336 ------
379 337
380 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 338 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
381 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 339 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
382 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 340 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
383 341
384 Kernel documentation 342 Kernel documentation
385 ******************** 343 ********************
386 344
387 Sphinx 345 Sphinx
388 ------ 346 ------
389 347
390 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 348 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
391 for details about Sphinx requirements. 349 for details about Sphinx requirements.
392 350
393 rustdoc <<
394 ------- <<
395 <<
396 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
397 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
398 <<
399 Getting updated software 351 Getting updated software
400 ======================== 352 ========================
401 353
402 Kernel compilation 354 Kernel compilation
403 ****************** 355 ******************
404 356
405 gcc 357 gcc
406 --- 358 ---
407 359
408 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 360 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
409 361
410 Clang/LLVM 362 Clang/LLVM
411 ---------- 363 ----------
412 364
413 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. 365 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`.
414 366
415 Rust <<
416 ---- <<
417 <<
418 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
419 <<
420 bindgen <<
421 ------- <<
422 <<
423 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
424 <<
425 Make 367 Make
426 ---- 368 ----
427 369
428 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 370 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
429 371
430 Bash 372 Bash
431 ---- 373 ----
432 374
433 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> 375 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/>
434 376
435 Binutils 377 Binutils
436 -------- 378 --------
437 379
438 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 380 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
439 381
440 Flex 382 Flex
441 ---- 383 ----
442 384
443 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 385 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
444 386
445 Bison 387 Bison
446 ----- 388 -----
447 389
448 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 390 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
449 391
450 OpenSSL 392 OpenSSL
451 ------- 393 -------
452 394
453 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 395 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
454 396
455 System utilities 397 System utilities
456 **************** 398 ****************
457 399
458 Util-linux 400 Util-linux
459 ---------- 401 ----------
460 402
461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 403 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
462 404
463 Kmod 405 Kmod
464 ---- 406 ----
465 407
466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 408 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
467 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 409 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
468 410
469 Ksymoops 411 Ksymoops
470 -------- 412 --------
471 413
472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 414 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
473 415
474 Mkinitrd 416 Mkinitrd
475 -------- 417 --------
476 418
477 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 419 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
478 420
479 E2fsprogs 421 E2fsprogs
480 --------- 422 ---------
481 423
482 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo 424 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tytso/e2fsprogs/>
483 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs 425 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fsprogs.git/>
484 426
485 JFSutils 427 JFSutils
486 -------- 428 --------
487 429
488 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 430 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
489 431
490 Reiserfsprogs 432 Reiserfsprogs
491 ------------- 433 -------------
492 434
493 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel 435 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeffm/reiserfsprogs.git/>
494 436
495 Xfsprogs 437 Xfsprogs
496 -------- 438 --------
497 439
498 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr 440 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfsprogs-dev.git>
499 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x 441 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/xfs/xfsprogs/>
500 442
501 Pcmciautils 443 Pcmciautils
502 ----------- 444 -----------
503 445
504 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 446 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
505 447
506 Quota-tools 448 Quota-tools
507 ----------- 449 -----------
508 450
509 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 451 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
510 452
511 453
512 Intel P6 microcode 454 Intel P6 microcode
513 ------------------ 455 ------------------
514 456
515 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 457 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
516 458
517 udev 459 udev
518 ---- 460 ----
519 461
520 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system 462 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
521 463
522 FUSE 464 FUSE
523 ---- 465 ----
524 466
525 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 467 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
526 468
527 mcelog 469 mcelog
528 ------ 470 ------
529 471
530 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 472 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
531 473
532 cpio 474 cpio
533 ---- 475 ----
534 476
535 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> 477 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/>
536 478
537 Networking 479 Networking
538 ********** 480 **********
539 481
540 PPP 482 PPP
541 --- 483 ---
542 484
543 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> 485 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
544 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> 486 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git>
545 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> 487 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/>
546 488
547 NFS-utils 489 NFS-utils
548 --------- 490 ---------
549 491
550 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 492 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
551 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
552 493
553 Iptables 494 Iptables
554 -------- 495 --------
555 496
556 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind 497 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/index.html>
557 498
558 Ip-route2 499 Ip-route2
559 --------- 500 ---------
560 501
561 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 502 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
562 503
563 OProfile 504 OProfile
564 -------- 505 --------
565 506
566 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 507 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 508
>> 509 NFS-Utils
>> 510 ---------
>> 511
>> 512 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
567 513
568 Kernel documentation 514 Kernel documentation
569 ******************** 515 ********************
570 516
571 Sphinx 517 Sphinx
572 ------ 518 ------
573 519
574 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> 520 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries.
TOMOYO® is a registered trademark of NTT DATA CORPORATION.