1 .. _changes: 1 .. _changes:
2 2
3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel 3 Minimal requirements to compile the Kernel
4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 4 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 5
6 Intro 6 Intro
7 ===== 7 =====
8 8
9 This document is designed to provide a list of 9 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
10 software necessary to run the current kernel v !! 10 software necessary to run the 4.x kernels.
11 11
12 This document is originally based on my "Chang 12 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
13 and therefore owes credit to the same people a 13 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless o 14 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
15 'net). 15 'net).
16 16
17 Current Minimal Requirements 17 Current Minimal Requirements
18 **************************** 18 ****************************
19 19
20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisio 20 Upgrade to at **least** these software revisions before thinking you've
21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what vers 21 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
22 running, the suggested command should tell you 22 running, the suggested command should tell you.
23 23
24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you 24 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools a 25 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any PC C !! 26 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
27 you probably needn't concern yourself with pcm !! 27 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
28 28
29 ====================== =============== ====== 29 ====================== =============== ========================================
30 Program Minimal version C 30 Program Minimal version Command to check the version
31 ====================== =============== ====== 31 ====================== =============== ========================================
32 GNU C 5.1 gcc -- !! 32 GNU C 4.6 gcc --version
33 Clang/LLVM (optional) 13.0.1 clang !! 33 GNU make 3.81 make --version
34 Rust (optional) 1.78.0 rustc !! 34 binutils 2.20 ld -v
35 bindgen (optional) 0.65.1 bindge <<
36 GNU make 4.0 make - <<
37 bash 4.2 bash - <<
38 binutils 2.25 ld -v <<
39 flex 2.5.35 flex - 35 flex 2.5.35 flex --version
40 bison 2.0 bison 36 bison 2.0 bison --version
41 pahole 1.16 pahole !! 37 util-linux 2.10o fdformat --version
42 util-linux 2.10o mount <<
43 kmod 13 depmod 38 kmod 13 depmod -V
44 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck 39 e2fsprogs 1.41.4 e2fsck -V
45 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.j 40 jfsutils 1.1.3 fsck.jfs -V
46 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiser 41 reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 reiserfsck -V
47 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db 42 xfsprogs 2.6.0 xfs_db -V
48 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksqua 43 squashfs-tools 4.0 mksquashfs -version
49 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsc 44 btrfs-progs 0.18 btrfsck
50 pcmciautils 004 pccard 45 pcmciautils 004 pccardctl -V
51 quota-tools 3.09 quota 46 quota-tools 3.09 quota -V
52 PPP 2.4.0 pppd - 47 PPP 2.4.0 pppd --version
>> 48 isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
53 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmo 49 nfs-utils 1.0.5 showmount --version
54 procps 3.2.0 ps --v 50 procps 3.2.0 ps --version
>> 51 oprofile 0.9 oprofiled --version
55 udev 081 udevd 52 udev 081 udevd --version
56 grub 0.93 grub - 53 grub 0.93 grub --version || grub-install --version
57 mcelog 0.6 mcelog 54 mcelog 0.6 mcelog --version
58 iptables 1.4.2 iptabl 55 iptables 1.4.2 iptables -V
59 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openss 56 openssl & libcrypto 1.0.0 openssl version
60 bc 1.06.95 bc --v 57 bc 1.06.95 bc --version
61 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 2.4.4 sphinx !! 58 Sphinx\ [#f1]_ 1.3 sphinx-build --version
62 cpio any cpio - <<
63 GNU tar 1.28 tar -- <<
64 gtags (optional) 6.6.5 gtags <<
65 mkimage (optional) 2017.01 mkimag <<
66 Python (optional) 3.5.x python <<
67 ====================== =============== ====== 59 ====================== =============== ========================================
68 60
69 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Ke 61 .. [#f1] Sphinx is needed only to build the Kernel documentation
70 62
71 Kernel compilation 63 Kernel compilation
72 ****************** 64 ******************
73 65
74 GCC 66 GCC
75 --- 67 ---
76 68
77 The gcc version requirements may vary dependin 69 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
78 computer. 70 computer.
79 71
80 Clang/LLVM (optional) <<
81 --------------------- <<
82 <<
83 The latest formal release of clang and LLVM ut <<
84 `releases.llvm.org <https://releases.llvm.org> <<
85 kernels. Older releases aren't guaranteed to w <<
86 from the kernel that were used to support olde <<
87 docs on :ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM < <<
88 <<
89 Rust (optional) <<
90 --------------- <<
91 <<
92 A recent version of the Rust compiler is requi <<
93 <<
94 Please see Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst <<
95 satisfy the build requirements of Rust support <<
96 target ``rustavailable`` is useful to check wh <<
97 be detected. <<
98 <<
99 bindgen (optional) <<
100 ------------------ <<
101 <<
102 ``bindgen`` is used to generate the Rust bindi <<
103 It depends on ``libclang``. <<
104 <<
105 Make 72 Make
106 ---- 73 ----
107 74
108 You will need GNU make 4.0 or later to build t !! 75 You will need GNU make 3.81 or later to build the kernel.
109 <<
110 Bash <<
111 ---- <<
112 <<
113 Some bash scripts are used for the kernel buil <<
114 Bash 4.2 or newer is needed. <<
115 76
116 Binutils 77 Binutils
117 -------- 78 --------
118 79
119 Binutils 2.25 or newer is needed to build the !! 80 The build system has, as of 4.13, switched to using thin archives (`ar T`)
>> 81 rather than incremental linking (`ld -r`) for built-in.a intermediate steps.
>> 82 This requires binutils 2.20 or newer.
120 83
121 pkg-config 84 pkg-config
122 ---------- 85 ----------
123 86
124 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-con 87 The build system, as of 4.18, requires pkg-config to check for installed
125 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings 88 kconfig tools and to determine flags settings for use in
126 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was 89 'make {g,x}config'. Previously pkg-config was being used but not
127 verified or documented. 90 verified or documented.
128 91
129 Flex 92 Flex
130 ---- 93 ----
131 94
132 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates l 95 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates lexical analyzers
133 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or la 96 during build. This requires flex 2.5.35 or later.
134 97
135 98
136 Bison 99 Bison
137 ----- 100 -----
138 101
139 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates p 102 Since Linux 4.16, the build system generates parsers
140 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or late 103 during build. This requires bison 2.0 or later.
141 104
142 pahole <<
143 ------ <<
144 <<
145 Since Linux 5.2, if CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF is s <<
146 generates BTF (BPF Type Format) from DWARF in <<
147 modules as well. This requires pahole v1.16 o <<
148 <<
149 It is found in the 'dwarves' or 'pahole' distr <<
150 https://fedorapeople.org/~acme/dwarves/. <<
151 <<
152 Perl 105 Perl
153 ---- 106 ----
154 107
155 You will need perl 5 and the following modules 108 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: ``Getopt::Long``,
156 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``Fil 109 ``Getopt::Std``, ``File::Basename``, and ``File::Find`` to build the kernel.
157 110
158 BC 111 BC
159 -- 112 --
160 113
161 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and hig 114 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
162 115
163 116
164 OpenSSL 117 OpenSSL
165 ------- 118 -------
166 119
167 Module signing and external certificate handli 120 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
168 crypto library to do key creation and signatur 121 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
169 122
170 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and 123 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
171 enabled. You will also need openssl developme 124 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
172 and higher. 125 and higher.
173 126
174 Tar <<
175 --- <<
176 <<
177 GNU tar is needed if you want to enable access <<
178 (CONFIG_IKHEADERS). <<
179 <<
180 gtags / GNU GLOBAL (optional) <<
181 ----------------------------- <<
182 <<
183 The kernel build requires GNU GLOBAL version 6 <<
184 tag files through ``make gtags``. This is due <<
185 ``-C (--directory)`` flag. <<
186 <<
187 mkimage <<
188 ------- <<
189 <<
190 This tool is used when building a Flat Image T <<
191 platforms. The tool is available via the ``u-b <<
192 built from the U-Boot source code. See the ins <<
193 https://docs.u-boot.org/en/latest/build/tools. <<
194 127
195 System utilities 128 System utilities
196 **************** 129 ****************
197 130
198 Architectural changes 131 Architectural changes
199 --------------------- 132 ---------------------
200 133
201 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev 134 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
202 (https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel !! 135 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
203 136
204 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! 137 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
205 138
206 Linux documentation for functions is transitio 139 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
207 documentation via specially-formatted comments 140 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
208 definitions in the source. These comments can 141 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with ReST
209 files the Documentation/ directory to make enr 142 files the Documentation/ directory to make enriched documentation, which can
210 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, 143 then be converted to PostScript, HTML, LaTex, ePUB and PDF files.
211 In order to convert from ReST format to a form 144 In order to convert from ReST format to a format of your choice, you'll need
212 Sphinx. 145 Sphinx.
213 146
214 Util-linux 147 Util-linux
215 ---------- 148 ----------
216 149
217 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` s 150 New versions of util-linux provide ``fdisk`` support for larger disks,
218 support new options to mount, recognize more s 151 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
219 types, and similar goodies. !! 152 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
220 You'll probably want to upgrade. 153 You'll probably want to upgrade.
221 154
222 Ksymoops 155 Ksymoops
223 -------- 156 --------
224 157
225 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oop 158 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
226 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases 159 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
227 It is generally preferred to build the kernel 160 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` so
228 that it produces readable dumps that can be us 161 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
229 produces better output than ksymoops). If for 162 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
230 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you 163 is not build with ``CONFIG_KALLSYMS`` and you have no way to rebuild and
231 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you 164 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
232 with ksymoops. 165 with ksymoops.
233 166
234 Mkinitrd 167 Mkinitrd
235 -------- 168 --------
236 169
237 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tre 170 These changes to the ``/lib/modules`` file tree layout also require that
238 mkinitrd be upgraded. 171 mkinitrd be upgraded.
239 172
240 E2fsprogs 173 E2fsprogs
241 --------- 174 ---------
242 175
243 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes seve 176 The latest version of ``e2fsprogs`` fixes several bugs in fsck and
244 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgra 177 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
245 178
246 JFSutils 179 JFSutils
247 -------- 180 --------
248 181
249 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilitie 182 The ``jfsutils`` package contains the utilities for the file system.
250 The following utilities are available: 183 The following utilities are available:
251 184
252 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transa 185 - ``fsck.jfs`` - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
253 and repair a JFS formatted partition. 186 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
254 187
255 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partit 188 - ``mkfs.jfs`` - create a JFS formatted partition.
256 189
257 - other file system utilities are also availab 190 - other file system utilities are also available in this package.
258 191
259 Reiserfsprogs 192 Reiserfsprogs
260 ------------- 193 -------------
261 194
262 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for r 195 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
263 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined packag 196 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
264 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs` 197 versions of ``mkreiserfs``, ``resize_reiserfs``, ``debugreiserfs`` and
265 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 198 ``reiserfsck``. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
266 199
267 Xfsprogs 200 Xfsprogs
268 -------- 201 --------
269 202
270 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains `` 203 The latest version of ``xfsprogs`` contains ``mkfs.xfs``, ``xfs_db``, and the
271 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for th 204 ``xfs_repair`` utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
272 architecture independent and any version from 205 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
273 work correctly with this version of the XFS ke 206 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
274 later is recommended, due to some significant 207 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
275 208
276 PCMCIAutils 209 PCMCIAutils
277 ----------- 210 -----------
278 211
279 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properl 212 PCMCIAutils replaces ``pcmcia-cs``. It properly sets up
280 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the 213 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
281 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is mod 214 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
282 subsystem is used. 215 subsystem is used.
283 216
284 Quota-tools 217 Quota-tools
285 ----------- 218 -----------
286 219
287 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required 220 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
288 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools 221 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
289 newer has this support. Use the recommended v 222 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
290 from the table above. 223 from the table above.
291 224
292 Intel IA32 microcode 225 Intel IA32 microcode
293 -------------------- 226 --------------------
294 227
295 A driver has been added to allow updating of I 228 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
296 accessible as a normal (misc) character device 229 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
297 udev you may need to:: 230 udev you may need to::
298 231
299 mkdir /dev/cpu 232 mkdir /dev/cpu
300 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 233 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
301 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode 234 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
302 235
303 as root before you can use this. You'll proba 236 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
304 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to us 237 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
305 238
306 udev 239 udev
307 ---- 240 ----
308 241
309 ``udev`` is a userspace application for popula 242 ``udev`` is a userspace application for populating ``/dev`` dynamically with
310 only entries for devices actually present. ``u 243 only entries for devices actually present. ``udev`` replaces the basic
311 functionality of devfs, while allowing persist 244 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
312 devices. 245 devices.
313 246
314 FUSE 247 FUSE
315 ---- 248 ----
316 249
317 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimu 250 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
318 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won 251 options ``direct_io`` and ``kernel_cache`` won't work.
319 252
320 Networking 253 Networking
321 ********** 254 **********
322 255
323 General changes 256 General changes
324 --------------- 257 ---------------
325 258
326 If you have advanced network configuration nee 259 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
327 consider using the network tools from ip-route 260 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
328 261
329 Packet Filter / NAT 262 Packet Filter / NAT
330 ------------------- 263 -------------------
331 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the sam 264 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
332 kernel series (iptables). It still includes b 265 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
333 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwa 266 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
334 267
335 PPP 268 PPP
336 --- 269 ---
337 270
338 The PPP driver has been restructured to suppor 271 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
339 enable it to operate over diverse media layers 272 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
340 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. 273 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
341 274
342 If you are not using udev, you must have the d 275 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
343 which can be made by:: 276 which can be made by::
344 277
345 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 278 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
346 279
347 as root. 280 as root.
348 281
>> 282 Isdn4k-utils
>> 283 ------------
>> 284
>> 285 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
>> 286 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
>> 287
349 NFS-utils 288 NFS-utils
350 --------- 289 ---------
351 290
352 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs 291 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
353 about any client that expected to be able to a 292 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
354 information would be given to the kernel by `` 293 information would be given to the kernel by ``mountd`` when the client
355 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at 294 mounted the filesystem, or by ``exportfs`` at system startup. exportfs
356 would take information about active clients fr 295 would take information about active clients from ``/var/lib/nfs/rmtab``.
357 296
358 This approach is quite fragile as it depends o 297 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
359 which is not always easy, particularly when tr 298 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
360 fail-over. Even when the system is working we 299 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, ``rmtab`` suffers from
361 getting lots of old entries that never get rem 300 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
362 301
363 With modern kernels we have the option of havi 302 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
364 when it gets a request from an unknown host, a 303 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
365 appropriate export information to the kernel. 304 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
366 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the ker 305 dependency on ``rmtab`` and means that the kernel only needs to know about
367 currently active clients. 306 currently active clients.
368 307
369 To enable this new functionality, you need to: 308 To enable this new functionality, you need to::
370 309
371 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd 310 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
372 311
373 before running exportfs or mountd. It is reco 312 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
374 services be protected from the internet-at-lar 313 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
375 that is possible. 314 that is possible.
376 315
377 mcelog 316 mcelog
378 ------ 317 ------
379 318
380 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to 319 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
381 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Mac 320 events when ``CONFIG_X86_MCE`` is enabled. Machine check events are errors
382 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strong 321 reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
383 322
384 Kernel documentation 323 Kernel documentation
385 ******************** 324 ********************
386 325
387 Sphinx 326 Sphinx
388 ------ 327 ------
389 328
390 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Docu 329 Please see :ref:`sphinx_install` in :ref:`Documentation/doc-guide/sphinx.rst <sphinxdoc>`
391 for details about Sphinx requirements. 330 for details about Sphinx requirements.
392 331
393 rustdoc <<
394 ------- <<
395 <<
396 ``rustdoc`` is used to generate the documentat <<
397 Documentation/rust/general-information.rst for <<
398 <<
399 Getting updated software 332 Getting updated software
400 ======================== 333 ========================
401 334
402 Kernel compilation 335 Kernel compilation
403 ****************** 336 ******************
404 337
405 gcc 338 gcc
406 --- 339 ---
407 340
408 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> 341 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
409 342
410 Clang/LLVM <<
411 ---------- <<
412 <<
413 - :ref:`Getting LLVM <getting_llvm>`. <<
414 <<
415 Rust <<
416 ---- <<
417 <<
418 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
419 <<
420 bindgen <<
421 ------- <<
422 <<
423 - Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst. <<
424 <<
425 Make 343 Make
426 ---- 344 ----
427 345
428 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> 346 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
429 347
430 Bash <<
431 ---- <<
432 <<
433 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/> <<
434 <<
435 Binutils 348 Binutils
436 -------- 349 --------
437 350
438 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binu 351 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
439 352
440 Flex 353 Flex
441 ---- 354 ----
442 355
443 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases> 356 - <https://github.com/westes/flex/releases>
444 357
445 Bison 358 Bison
446 ----- 359 -----
447 360
448 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/> 361 - <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/>
449 362
450 OpenSSL 363 OpenSSL
451 ------- 364 -------
452 365
453 - <https://www.openssl.org/> 366 - <https://www.openssl.org/>
454 367
455 System utilities 368 System utilities
456 **************** 369 ****************
457 370
458 Util-linux 371 Util-linux
459 ---------- 372 ----------
460 373
461 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util 374 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
462 375
463 Kmod 376 Kmod
464 ---- 377 ----
465 378
466 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 379 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/>
467 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel 380 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git>
468 381
469 Ksymoops 382 Ksymoops
470 -------- 383 --------
471 384
472 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 385 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
473 386
474 Mkinitrd 387 Mkinitrd
475 -------- 388 --------
476 389
477 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/mai 390 - <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
478 391
479 E2fsprogs 392 E2fsprogs
480 --------- 393 ---------
481 394
482 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/peo !! 395 - <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
483 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/ext2/e2fs <<
484 396
485 JFSutils 397 JFSutils
486 -------- 398 --------
487 399
488 - <https://jfs.sourceforge.net/> !! 400 - <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
489 401
490 Reiserfsprogs 402 Reiserfsprogs
491 ------------- 403 -------------
492 404
493 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel !! 405 - <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
494 406
495 Xfsprogs 407 Xfsprogs
496 -------- 408 --------
497 409
498 - <https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfspr !! 410 - <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
499 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/x <<
500 411
501 Pcmciautils 412 Pcmciautils
502 ----------- 413 -----------
503 414
504 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kern 415 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
505 416
506 Quota-tools 417 Quota-tools
507 ----------- 418 -----------
508 419
509 - <https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota !! 420 - <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
510 421
511 422
512 Intel P6 microcode 423 Intel P6 microcode
513 ------------------ 424 ------------------
514 425
515 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> 426 - <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
516 427
517 udev 428 udev
518 ---- 429 ----
519 430
520 - <https://www.freedesktop.org/software/system !! 431 - <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
521 432
522 FUSE 433 FUSE
523 ---- 434 ----
524 435
525 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases 436 - <https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/releases>
526 437
527 mcelog 438 mcelog
528 ------ 439 ------
529 440
530 - <https://www.mcelog.org/> !! 441 - <http://www.mcelog.org/>
531 <<
532 cpio <<
533 ---- <<
534 <<
535 - <https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/> <<
536 442
537 Networking 443 Networking
538 ********** 444 **********
539 445
540 PPP 446 PPP
541 --- 447 ---
542 448
543 - <https://download.samba.org/pub/ppp/> !! 449 - <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
544 - <https://git.ozlabs.org/?p=ppp.git> !! 450
545 - <https://github.com/paulusmack/ppp/> !! 451 Isdn4k-utils
>> 452 ------------
>> 453
>> 454 - <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
546 455
547 NFS-utils 456 NFS-utils
548 --------- 457 ---------
549 458
550 - <https://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.p !! 459 - <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
551 - <https://nfs.sourceforge.net/> <<
552 460
553 Iptables 461 Iptables
554 -------- 462 --------
555 463
556 - <https://netfilter.org/projects/iptables/ind !! 464 - <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
557 465
558 Ip-route2 466 Ip-route2
559 --------- 467 ---------
560 468
561 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/ 469 - <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
562 470
563 OProfile 471 OProfile
564 -------- 472 --------
565 473
566 - <https://oprofile.sf.net/download/> !! 474 - <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
>> 475
>> 476 NFS-Utils
>> 477 ---------
>> 478
>> 479 - <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>
567 480
568 Kernel documentation 481 Kernel documentation
569 ******************** 482 ********************
570 483
571 Sphinx 484 Sphinx
572 ------ 485 ------
573 486
574 - <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/> !! 487 - <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/>
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