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Linux/Documentation/sound/designs/seq-oss.rst

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Differences between /Documentation/sound/designs/seq-oss.rst (Version linux-6.12-rc7) and /Documentation/sound/designs/seq-oss.rst (Version linux-5.4.285)


  1 ===============================                     1 ===============================
  2 OSS Sequencer Emulation on ALSA                     2 OSS Sequencer Emulation on ALSA
  3 ===============================                     3 ===============================
  4                                                     4 
  5 Copyright (c) 1998,1999 by Takashi Iwai             5 Copyright (c) 1998,1999 by Takashi Iwai
  6                                                     6 
  7 ver.0.1.8; Nov. 16, 1999                            7 ver.0.1.8; Nov. 16, 1999
  8                                                     8 
  9 Description                                         9 Description
 10 ===========                                        10 ===========
 11                                                    11 
 12 This directory contains the OSS sequencer emul     12 This directory contains the OSS sequencer emulation driver on ALSA. Note
 13 that this program is still in the development      13 that this program is still in the development state.
 14                                                    14 
 15 What this does - it provides the emulation of      15 What this does - it provides the emulation of the OSS sequencer, access
 16 via ``/dev/sequencer`` and ``/dev/music`` devi     16 via ``/dev/sequencer`` and ``/dev/music`` devices.
 17 The most of applications using OSS can run if      17 The most of applications using OSS can run if the appropriate ALSA
 18 sequencer is prepared.                             18 sequencer is prepared.
 19                                                    19 
 20 The following features are emulated by this dr     20 The following features are emulated by this driver:
 21                                                    21 
 22 * Normal sequencer and MIDI events:                22 * Normal sequencer and MIDI events:
 23                                                    23 
 24     They are converted to the ALSA sequencer e     24     They are converted to the ALSA sequencer events, and sent to the
 25     corresponding port.                            25     corresponding port.
 26                                                    26 
 27 * Timer events:                                    27 * Timer events:
 28                                                    28 
 29     The timer is not selectable by ioctl. The      29     The timer is not selectable by ioctl. The control rate is fixed to
 30     100 regardless of HZ. That is, even on Alp     30     100 regardless of HZ. That is, even on Alpha system, a tick is always
 31     1/100 second. The base rate and tempo can      31     1/100 second. The base rate and tempo can be changed in ``/dev/music``.
 32                                                    32 
 33 * Patch loading:                                   33 * Patch loading:
 34                                                    34 
 35     It purely depends on the synth drivers whe     35     It purely depends on the synth drivers whether it's supported since
 36     the patch loading is realized by callback      36     the patch loading is realized by callback to the synth driver.
 37                                                    37 
 38 * I/O controls:                                    38 * I/O controls:
 39                                                    39 
 40     Most of controls are accepted. Some contro     40     Most of controls are accepted. Some controls
 41     are dependent on the synth driver, as well     41     are dependent on the synth driver, as well as even on original OSS.
 42                                                    42 
 43 Furthermore, you can find the following advanc     43 Furthermore, you can find the following advanced features:
 44                                                    44 
 45 * Better queue mechanism:                          45 * Better queue mechanism:
 46                                                    46 
 47     The events are queued before processing th     47     The events are queued before processing them.
 48                                                    48 
 49 * Multiple applications:                           49 * Multiple applications:
 50                                                    50 
 51     You can run two or more applications simul     51     You can run two or more applications simultaneously (even for OSS
 52     sequencer)!                                    52     sequencer)!
 53     However, each MIDI device is exclusive - t     53     However, each MIDI device is exclusive - that is, if a MIDI device
 54     is opened once by some application, other      54     is opened once by some application, other applications can't use
 55     it. No such a restriction in synth devices     55     it. No such a restriction in synth devices.
 56                                                    56 
 57 * Real-time event processing:                      57 * Real-time event processing:
 58                                                    58 
 59     The events can be processed in real time w     59     The events can be processed in real time without using out of bound
 60     ioctl. To switch to real-time mode, send A     60     ioctl. To switch to real-time mode, send ABSTIME 0 event. The followed
 61     events will be processed in real-time with     61     events will be processed in real-time without queued. To switch off the
 62     real-time mode, send RELTIME 0 event.          62     real-time mode, send RELTIME 0 event.
 63                                                    63 
 64 * ``/proc`` interface:                             64 * ``/proc`` interface:
 65                                                    65 
 66     The status of applications and devices can     66     The status of applications and devices can be shown via
 67     ``/proc/asound/seq/oss`` at any time. In t     67     ``/proc/asound/seq/oss`` at any time. In the later version,
 68     configuration will be changed via ``/proc`     68     configuration will be changed via ``/proc`` interface, too.
 69                                                    69 
 70                                                    70 
 71 Installation                                       71 Installation
 72 ============                                       72 ============
 73                                                    73 
 74 Run configure script with both sequencer suppo     74 Run configure script with both sequencer support (``--with-sequencer=yes``)
 75 and OSS emulation (``--with-oss=yes``) options     75 and OSS emulation (``--with-oss=yes``) options. A module ``snd-seq-oss.o``
 76 will be created. If the synth module of your s     76 will be created. If the synth module of your sound card supports for OSS
 77 emulation (so far, only Emu8000 driver), this      77 emulation (so far, only Emu8000 driver), this module will be loaded
 78 automatically.                                     78 automatically.
 79 Otherwise, you need to load this module manual     79 Otherwise, you need to load this module manually.
 80                                                    80 
 81 At beginning, this module probes all the MIDI      81 At beginning, this module probes all the MIDI ports which have been
 82 already connected to the sequencer. Once after     82 already connected to the sequencer. Once after that, the creation and deletion
 83 of ports are watched by announcement mechanism     83 of ports are watched by announcement mechanism of ALSA sequencer.
 84                                                    84 
 85 The available synth and MIDI devices can be fo     85 The available synth and MIDI devices can be found in proc interface.
 86 Run ``cat /proc/asound/seq/oss``, and check th     86 Run ``cat /proc/asound/seq/oss``, and check the devices. For example,
 87 if you use an AWE64 card, you'll see like the      87 if you use an AWE64 card, you'll see like the following:
 88 ::                                                 88 ::
 89                                                    89 
 90     OSS sequencer emulation version 0.1.8          90     OSS sequencer emulation version 0.1.8
 91     ALSA client number 63                          91     ALSA client number 63
 92     ALSA receiver port 0                           92     ALSA receiver port 0
 93                                                    93 
 94     Number of applications: 0                      94     Number of applications: 0
 95                                                    95 
 96     Number of synth devices: 1                     96     Number of synth devices: 1
 97     synth 0: [EMU8000]                             97     synth 0: [EMU8000]
 98       type 0x1 : subtype 0x20 : voices 32          98       type 0x1 : subtype 0x20 : voices 32
 99       capabilities : ioctl enabled / load_patc !!  99       capabilties : ioctl enabled / load_patch enabled
100                                                   100 
101     Number of MIDI devices: 3                     101     Number of MIDI devices: 3
102     midi 0: [Emu8000 Port-0] ALSA port 65:0       102     midi 0: [Emu8000 Port-0] ALSA port 65:0
103       capability write / opened none              103       capability write / opened none
104                                                   104 
105     midi 1: [Emu8000 Port-1] ALSA port 65:1       105     midi 1: [Emu8000 Port-1] ALSA port 65:1
106       capability write / opened none              106       capability write / opened none
107                                                   107 
108     midi 2: [0: MPU-401 (UART)] ALSA port 64:0    108     midi 2: [0: MPU-401 (UART)] ALSA port 64:0
109       capability read/write / opened none         109       capability read/write / opened none
110                                                   110 
111 Note that the device number may be different f    111 Note that the device number may be different from the information of
112 ``/proc/asound/oss-devices`` or ones of the or    112 ``/proc/asound/oss-devices`` or ones of the original OSS driver.
113 Use the device number listed in ``/proc/asound    113 Use the device number listed in ``/proc/asound/seq/oss``
114 to play via OSS sequencer emulation.              114 to play via OSS sequencer emulation.
115                                                   115 
116 Using Synthesizer Devices                         116 Using Synthesizer Devices
117 =========================                         117 =========================
118                                                   118 
119 Run your favorite program. I've tested playmid    119 Run your favorite program. I've tested playmidi-2.4, awemidi-0.4.3, gmod-3.1
120 and xmp-1.1.5. You can load samples via ``/dev    120 and xmp-1.1.5. You can load samples via ``/dev/sequencer`` like sfxload,
121 too.                                              121 too.
122                                                   122 
123 If the lowlevel driver supports multiple acces    123 If the lowlevel driver supports multiple access to synth devices (like
124 Emu8000 driver), two or more applications are     124 Emu8000 driver), two or more applications are allowed to run at the same
125 time.                                             125 time.
126                                                   126 
127 Using MIDI Devices                                127 Using MIDI Devices
128 ==================                                128 ==================
129                                                   129 
130 So far, only MIDI output was tested. MIDI inpu    130 So far, only MIDI output was tested. MIDI input was not checked at all,
131 but hopefully it will work. Use the device num    131 but hopefully it will work. Use the device number listed in
132 ``/proc/asound/seq/oss``.                         132 ``/proc/asound/seq/oss``.
133 Be aware that these numbers are mostly differe    133 Be aware that these numbers are mostly different from the list in
134 ``/proc/asound/oss-devices``.                     134 ``/proc/asound/oss-devices``.
135                                                   135 
136 Module Options                                    136 Module Options
137 ==============                                    137 ==============
138                                                   138 
139 The following module options are available:       139 The following module options are available:
140                                                   140 
141 maxqlen                                           141 maxqlen
142   specifies the maximum read/write queue lengt    142   specifies the maximum read/write queue length. This queue is private
143   for OSS sequencer, so that it is independent    143   for OSS sequencer, so that it is independent from the queue length of ALSA
144   sequencer. Default value is 1024.               144   sequencer. Default value is 1024.
145                                                   145 
146 seq_oss_debug                                     146 seq_oss_debug
147   specifies the debug level and accepts zero (    147   specifies the debug level and accepts zero (= no debug message) or
148   positive integer. Default value is 0.           148   positive integer. Default value is 0.
149                                                   149 
150 Queue Mechanism                                   150 Queue Mechanism
151 ===============                                   151 ===============
152                                                   152 
153 OSS sequencer emulation uses an ALSA priority     153 OSS sequencer emulation uses an ALSA priority queue. The
154 events from ``/dev/sequencer`` are processed a    154 events from ``/dev/sequencer`` are processed and put onto the queue
155 specified by module option.                       155 specified by module option.
156                                                   156 
157 All the events from ``/dev/sequencer`` are par    157 All the events from ``/dev/sequencer`` are parsed at beginning.
158 The timing events are also parsed at this mome    158 The timing events are also parsed at this moment, so that the events may
159 be processed in real-time. Sending an event AB    159 be processed in real-time. Sending an event ABSTIME 0 switches the operation
160 mode to real-time mode, and sending an event R    160 mode to real-time mode, and sending an event RELTIME 0 switches it off.
161 In the real-time mode, all events are dispatch    161 In the real-time mode, all events are dispatched immediately.
162                                                   162 
163 The queued events are dispatched to the corres    163 The queued events are dispatched to the corresponding ALSA sequencer
164 ports after scheduled time by ALSA sequencer d    164 ports after scheduled time by ALSA sequencer dispatcher.
165                                                   165 
166 If the write-queue is full, the application sl    166 If the write-queue is full, the application sleeps until a certain amount
167 (as default one half) becomes empty in blockin    167 (as default one half) becomes empty in blocking mode. The synchronization
168 to write timing was implemented, too.             168 to write timing was implemented, too.
169                                                   169 
170 The input from MIDI devices or echo-back event    170 The input from MIDI devices or echo-back events are stored on read FIFO
171 queue. If application reads ``/dev/sequencer``    171 queue. If application reads ``/dev/sequencer`` in blocking mode, the
172 process will be awaked.                           172 process will be awaked.
173                                                   173 
174 Interface to Synthesizer Device                   174 Interface to Synthesizer Device
175 ===============================                   175 ===============================
176                                                   176 
177 Registration                                      177 Registration
178 ------------                                      178 ------------
179                                                   179 
180 To register an OSS synthesizer device, use snd    180 To register an OSS synthesizer device, use snd_seq_oss_synth_register()
181 function:                                         181 function:
182 ::                                                182 ::
183                                                   183 
184   int snd_seq_oss_synth_register(char *name, i    184   int snd_seq_oss_synth_register(char *name, int type, int subtype, int nvoices,
185           snd_seq_oss_callback_t *oper, void *    185           snd_seq_oss_callback_t *oper, void *private_data)
186                                                   186 
187 The arguments ``name``, ``type``, ``subtype``     187 The arguments ``name``, ``type``, ``subtype`` and ``nvoices``
188 are used for making the appropriate synth_info    188 are used for making the appropriate synth_info structure for ioctl. The
189 return value is an index number of this device    189 return value is an index number of this device. This index must be remembered
190 for unregister. If registration is failed, -er    190 for unregister. If registration is failed, -errno will be returned.
191                                                   191 
192 To release this device, call snd_seq_oss_synth    192 To release this device, call snd_seq_oss_synth_unregister() function:
193 ::                                                193 ::
194                                                   194 
195   int snd_seq_oss_synth_unregister(int index)     195   int snd_seq_oss_synth_unregister(int index)
196                                                   196 
197 where the ``index`` is the index number return    197 where the ``index`` is the index number returned by register function.
198                                                   198 
199 Callbacks                                         199 Callbacks
200 ---------                                         200 ---------
201                                                   201 
202 OSS synthesizer devices have capability for sa    202 OSS synthesizer devices have capability for sample downloading and ioctls
203 like sample reset. In OSS emulation, these spe    203 like sample reset. In OSS emulation, these special features are realized
204 by using callbacks. The registration argument     204 by using callbacks. The registration argument oper is used to specify these
205 callbacks. The following callback functions mu    205 callbacks. The following callback functions must be defined:
206 ::                                                206 ::
207                                                   207 
208   snd_seq_oss_callback_t:                         208   snd_seq_oss_callback_t:
209    int (*open)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p, void *clo    209    int (*open)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p, void *closure);
210    int (*close)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p);            210    int (*close)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p);
211    int (*ioctl)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p, unsigned    211    int (*ioctl)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
212    int (*load_patch)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p, int    212    int (*load_patch)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p, int format, const char *buf, int offs, int count);
213    int (*reset)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p);            213    int (*reset)(snd_seq_oss_arg_t *p);
214                                                   214 
215 Except for ``open`` and ``close`` callbacks, t    215 Except for ``open`` and ``close`` callbacks, they are allowed to be NULL.
216                                                   216 
217 Each callback function takes the argument type    217 Each callback function takes the argument type ``snd_seq_oss_arg_t`` as the
218 first argument.                                   218 first argument.
219 ::                                                219 ::
220                                                   220 
221   struct snd_seq_oss_arg_t {                      221   struct snd_seq_oss_arg_t {
222       int app_index;                              222       int app_index;
223       int file_mode;                              223       int file_mode;
224       int seq_mode;                               224       int seq_mode;
225       snd_seq_addr_t addr;                        225       snd_seq_addr_t addr;
226       void *private_data;                         226       void *private_data;
227       int event_passing;                          227       int event_passing;
228   };                                              228   };
229                                                   229 
230 The first three fields, ``app_index``, ``file_    230 The first three fields, ``app_index``, ``file_mode`` and ``seq_mode``
231 are initialized by OSS sequencer. The ``app_in    231 are initialized by OSS sequencer. The ``app_index`` is the application
232 index which is unique to each application open    232 index which is unique to each application opening OSS sequencer. The
233 ``file_mode`` is bit-flags indicating the file    233 ``file_mode`` is bit-flags indicating the file operation mode. See
234 ``seq_oss.h`` for its meaning. The ``seq_mode`    234 ``seq_oss.h`` for its meaning. The ``seq_mode`` is sequencer operation
235 mode. In the current version, only ``SND_OSSSE    235 mode. In the current version, only ``SND_OSSSEQ_MODE_SYNTH`` is used.
236                                                   236 
237 The next two fields, ``addr`` and ``private_da    237 The next two fields, ``addr`` and ``private_data``, must be
238 filled by the synth driver at open callback. T    238 filled by the synth driver at open callback. The ``addr`` contains
239 the address of ALSA sequencer port which is as    239 the address of ALSA sequencer port which is assigned to this device. If
240 the driver allocates memory for ``private_data    240 the driver allocates memory for ``private_data``, it must be released
241 in close callback by itself.                      241 in close callback by itself.
242                                                   242 
243 The last field, ``event_passing``, indicates h    243 The last field, ``event_passing``, indicates how to translate note-on
244 / off events. In ``PROCESS_EVENTS`` mode, the     244 / off events. In ``PROCESS_EVENTS`` mode, the note 255 is regarded
245 as velocity change, and key pressure event is     245 as velocity change, and key pressure event is passed to the port. In
246 ``PASS_EVENTS`` mode, all note on/off events a    246 ``PASS_EVENTS`` mode, all note on/off events are passed to the port
247 without modified. ``PROCESS_KEYPRESS`` mode ch    247 without modified. ``PROCESS_KEYPRESS`` mode checks the note above 128
248 and regards it as key pressure event (mainly f    248 and regards it as key pressure event (mainly for Emu8000 driver).
249                                                   249 
250 Open Callback                                     250 Open Callback
251 -------------                                     251 -------------
252                                                   252 
253 The ``open`` is called at each time this devic    253 The ``open`` is called at each time this device is opened by an application
254 using OSS sequencer. This must not be NULL. Ty    254 using OSS sequencer. This must not be NULL. Typically, the open callback
255 does the following procedure:                     255 does the following procedure:
256                                                   256 
257 #. Allocate private data record.                  257 #. Allocate private data record.
258 #. Create an ALSA sequencer port.                 258 #. Create an ALSA sequencer port.
259 #. Set the new port address on ``arg->addr``.     259 #. Set the new port address on ``arg->addr``.
260 #. Set the private data record pointer on ``ar    260 #. Set the private data record pointer on ``arg->private_data``.
261                                                   261 
262 Note that the type bit-flags in port_info of t    262 Note that the type bit-flags in port_info of this synth port must NOT contain
263 ``TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC``                             263 ``TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC``
264 bit. Instead, ``TYPE_SPECIFIC`` should be used    264 bit. Instead, ``TYPE_SPECIFIC`` should be used. Also, ``CAP_SUBSCRIPTION``
265 bit should NOT be included, too. This is neces    265 bit should NOT be included, too. This is necessary to tell it from other
266 normal MIDI devices. If the open procedure suc    266 normal MIDI devices. If the open procedure succeeded, return zero. Otherwise,
267 return -errno.                                    267 return -errno.
268                                                   268 
269 Ioctl Callback                                    269 Ioctl Callback
270 --------------                                    270 --------------
271                                                   271 
272 The ``ioctl`` callback is called when the sequ    272 The ``ioctl`` callback is called when the sequencer receives device-specific
273 ioctls. The following two ioctls should be pro    273 ioctls. The following two ioctls should be processed by this callback:
274                                                   274 
275 IOCTL_SEQ_RESET_SAMPLES                           275 IOCTL_SEQ_RESET_SAMPLES
276     reset all samples on memory -- return 0       276     reset all samples on memory -- return 0
277                                                   277 
278 IOCTL_SYNTH_MEMAVL                                278 IOCTL_SYNTH_MEMAVL
279     return the available memory size              279     return the available memory size
280                                                   280 
281 FM_4OP_ENABLE                                     281 FM_4OP_ENABLE
282     can be ignored usually                        282     can be ignored usually
283                                                   283 
284 The other ioctls are processed inside the sequ    284 The other ioctls are processed inside the sequencer without passing to
285 the lowlevel driver.                              285 the lowlevel driver.
286                                                   286 
287 Load_Patch Callback                               287 Load_Patch Callback
288 -------------------                               288 -------------------
289                                                   289 
290 The ``load_patch`` callback is used for sample    290 The ``load_patch`` callback is used for sample-downloading. This callback
291 must read the data on user-space and transfer     291 must read the data on user-space and transfer to each device. Return 0
292 if succeeded, and -errno if failed. The format    292 if succeeded, and -errno if failed. The format argument is the patch key
293 in patch_info record. The buf is user-space po    293 in patch_info record. The buf is user-space pointer where patch_info record
294 is stored. The offs can be ignored. The count     294 is stored. The offs can be ignored. The count is total data size of this
295 sample data.                                      295 sample data.
296                                                   296 
297 Close Callback                                    297 Close Callback
298 --------------                                    298 --------------
299                                                   299 
300 The ``close`` callback is called when this dev    300 The ``close`` callback is called when this device is closed by the
301 application. If any private data was allocated    301 application. If any private data was allocated in open callback, it must
302 be released in the close callback. The deletio    302 be released in the close callback. The deletion of ALSA port should be
303 done here, too. This callback must not be NULL    303 done here, too. This callback must not be NULL.
304                                                   304 
305 Reset Callback                                    305 Reset Callback
306 --------------                                    306 --------------
307                                                   307 
308 The ``reset`` callback is called when sequence    308 The ``reset`` callback is called when sequencer device is reset or
309 closed by applications. The callback should tu    309 closed by applications. The callback should turn off the sounds on the
310 relevant port immediately, and initialize the     310 relevant port immediately, and initialize the status of the port. If this
311 callback is undefined, OSS seq sends a ``HEART    311 callback is undefined, OSS seq sends a ``HEARTBEAT`` event to the
312 port.                                             312 port.
313                                                   313 
314 Events                                            314 Events
315 ======                                            315 ======
316                                                   316 
317 Most of the events are processed by sequencer     317 Most of the events are processed by sequencer and translated to the adequate
318 ALSA sequencer events, so that each synth devi    318 ALSA sequencer events, so that each synth device can receive by input_event
319 callback of ALSA sequencer port. The following    319 callback of ALSA sequencer port. The following ALSA events should be
320 implemented by the driver:                        320 implemented by the driver:
321                                                   321 
322 =============   ===================               322 =============   ===================
323 ALSA event      Original OSS events               323 ALSA event      Original OSS events
324 =============   ===================               324 =============   ===================
325 NOTEON          SEQ_NOTEON, MIDI_NOTEON           325 NOTEON          SEQ_NOTEON, MIDI_NOTEON
326 NOTE            SEQ_NOTEOFF, MIDI_NOTEOFF         326 NOTE            SEQ_NOTEOFF, MIDI_NOTEOFF
327 KEYPRESS        MIDI_KEY_PRESSURE                 327 KEYPRESS        MIDI_KEY_PRESSURE
328 CHANPRESS       SEQ_AFTERTOUCH, MIDI_CHN_PRESS    328 CHANPRESS       SEQ_AFTERTOUCH, MIDI_CHN_PRESSURE
329 PGMCHANGE       SEQ_PGMCHANGE, MIDI_PGM_CHANGE    329 PGMCHANGE       SEQ_PGMCHANGE, MIDI_PGM_CHANGE
330 PITCHBEND       SEQ_CONTROLLER(CTRL_PITCH_BEND    330 PITCHBEND       SEQ_CONTROLLER(CTRL_PITCH_BENDER),
331                 MIDI_PITCH_BEND                   331                 MIDI_PITCH_BEND
332 CONTROLLER      MIDI_CTL_CHANGE,                  332 CONTROLLER      MIDI_CTL_CHANGE,
333                 SEQ_BALANCE (with CTL_PAN)        333                 SEQ_BALANCE (with CTL_PAN)
334 CONTROL14       SEQ_CONTROLLER                    334 CONTROL14       SEQ_CONTROLLER
335 REGPARAM        SEQ_CONTROLLER(CTRL_PITCH_BEND    335 REGPARAM        SEQ_CONTROLLER(CTRL_PITCH_BENDER_RANGE)
336 SYSEX           SEQ_SYSEX                         336 SYSEX           SEQ_SYSEX
337 =============   ===================               337 =============   ===================
338                                                   338 
339 The most of these behavior can be realized by     339 The most of these behavior can be realized by MIDI emulation driver
340 included in the Emu8000 lowlevel driver. In th    340 included in the Emu8000 lowlevel driver. In the future release, this module
341 will be independent.                              341 will be independent.
342                                                   342 
343 Some OSS events (``SEQ_PRIVATE`` and ``SEQ_VOL    343 Some OSS events (``SEQ_PRIVATE`` and ``SEQ_VOLUME`` events) are passed as event
344 type SND_SEQ_OSS_PRIVATE.  The OSS sequencer p    344 type SND_SEQ_OSS_PRIVATE.  The OSS sequencer passes these event 8 byte
345 packets without any modification. The lowlevel    345 packets without any modification. The lowlevel driver should process these
346 events appropriately.                             346 events appropriately.
347                                                   347 
348 Interface to MIDI Device                          348 Interface to MIDI Device
349 ========================                          349 ========================
350                                                   350 
351 Since the OSS emulation probes the creation an    351 Since the OSS emulation probes the creation and deletion of ALSA MIDI
352 sequencer ports automatically by receiving ann    352 sequencer ports automatically by receiving announcement from ALSA
353 sequencer, the MIDI devices don't need to be r    353 sequencer, the MIDI devices don't need to be registered explicitly
354 like synth devices.                               354 like synth devices.
355 However, the MIDI port_info registered to ALSA    355 However, the MIDI port_info registered to ALSA sequencer must include
356 a group name ``SND_SEQ_GROUP_DEVICE`` and a ca    356 a group name ``SND_SEQ_GROUP_DEVICE`` and a capability-bit
357 ``CAP_READ`` or ``CAP_WRITE``. Also, subscript    357 ``CAP_READ`` or ``CAP_WRITE``. Also, subscription capabilities,
358 ``CAP_SUBS_READ`` or ``CAP_SUBS_WRITE``, must     358 ``CAP_SUBS_READ`` or ``CAP_SUBS_WRITE``, must be defined, too. If
359 these conditions are not satisfied, the port i    359 these conditions are not satisfied, the port is not registered as OSS
360 sequencer MIDI device.                            360 sequencer MIDI device.
361                                                   361 
362 The events via MIDI devices are parsed in OSS     362 The events via MIDI devices are parsed in OSS sequencer and converted
363 to the corresponding ALSA sequencer events. Th    363 to the corresponding ALSA sequencer events. The input from MIDI sequencer
364 is also converted to MIDI byte events by OSS s    364 is also converted to MIDI byte events by OSS sequencer. This works just
365 a reverse way of seq_midi module.                 365 a reverse way of seq_midi module.
366                                                   366 
367 Known Problems / TODO's                           367 Known Problems / TODO's
368 =======================                           368 =======================
369                                                   369 
370 * Patch loading via ALSA instrument layer is n    370 * Patch loading via ALSA instrument layer is not implemented yet.
371                                                   371 
                                                      

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