1 perf-top(1) 1 perf-top(1) 2 =========== 2 =========== 3 3 4 NAME 4 NAME 5 ---- 5 ---- 6 perf-top - System profiling tool. 6 perf-top - System profiling tool. 7 7 8 SYNOPSIS 8 SYNOPSIS 9 -------- 9 -------- 10 [verse] 10 [verse] 11 'perf top' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [<opti 11 'perf top' [-e <EVENT> | --event=EVENT] [<options>] 12 12 13 DESCRIPTION 13 DESCRIPTION 14 ----------- 14 ----------- 15 This command generates and displays a performa 15 This command generates and displays a performance counter profile in real time. 16 16 17 17 18 OPTIONS 18 OPTIONS 19 ------- 19 ------- 20 -a:: 20 -a:: 21 --all-cpus:: 21 --all-cpus:: 22 System-wide collection. (default) 22 System-wide collection. (default) 23 23 24 -c <count>:: 24 -c <count>:: 25 --count=<count>:: 25 --count=<count>:: 26 Event period to sample. 26 Event period to sample. 27 27 28 -C <cpu-list>:: 28 -C <cpu-list>:: 29 --cpu=<cpu>:: 29 --cpu=<cpu>:: 30 Monitor only on the list of CPUs provided. Mul 30 Monitor only on the list of CPUs provided. Multiple CPUs can be provided as a 31 comma-separated list with no space: 0,1. Range 31 comma-separated list with no space: 0,1. Ranges of CPUs are specified with -: 0-2. 32 Default is to monitor all CPUS. 32 Default is to monitor all CPUS. 33 33 34 -d <seconds>:: 34 -d <seconds>:: 35 --delay=<seconds>:: 35 --delay=<seconds>:: 36 Number of seconds to delay between ref 36 Number of seconds to delay between refreshes. 37 37 38 -e <event>:: 38 -e <event>:: 39 --event=<event>:: 39 --event=<event>:: 40 Select the PMU event. Selection can be 40 Select the PMU event. Selection can be a symbolic event name 41 (use 'perf list' to list all events) o 41 (use 'perf list' to list all events) or a raw PMU event in the form 42 of rN where N is a hexadecimal value t 42 of rN where N is a hexadecimal value that represents the raw register 43 encoding with the layout of the event 43 encoding with the layout of the event control registers as described 44 by entries in /sys/bus/event_source/de 44 by entries in /sys/bus/event_source/devices/cpu/format/*. 45 45 46 --filter=<filter>:: << 47 Event filter. This option should foll << 48 syntax see linkperf:perf-record[1]. << 49 << 50 -E <entries>:: 46 -E <entries>:: 51 --entries=<entries>:: 47 --entries=<entries>:: 52 Display this many functions. 48 Display this many functions. 53 49 54 -f <count>:: 50 -f <count>:: 55 --count-filter=<count>:: 51 --count-filter=<count>:: 56 Only display functions with more event 52 Only display functions with more events than this. 57 53 58 --group-sort-idx:: 54 --group-sort-idx:: 59 Sort the output by the event at the in 55 Sort the output by the event at the index n in group. If n is invalid, 60 sort by the first event. It can suppor 56 sort by the first event. It can support multiple groups with different 61 amount of events. WARNING: This should 57 amount of events. WARNING: This should be used on grouped events. 62 58 63 -F <freq>:: 59 -F <freq>:: 64 --freq=<freq>:: 60 --freq=<freq>:: 65 Profile at this frequency. Use 'max' t 61 Profile at this frequency. Use 'max' to use the currently maximum 66 allowed frequency, i.e. the value in t 62 allowed frequency, i.e. the value in the kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate 67 sysctl. 63 sysctl. 68 64 69 -i:: 65 -i:: 70 --inherit:: 66 --inherit:: 71 Child tasks do not inherit counters. 67 Child tasks do not inherit counters. 72 68 73 -k <path>:: 69 -k <path>:: 74 --vmlinux=<path>:: 70 --vmlinux=<path>:: 75 Path to vmlinux. Required for annotat 71 Path to vmlinux. Required for annotation functionality. 76 72 77 --ignore-vmlinux:: 73 --ignore-vmlinux:: 78 Ignore vmlinux files. 74 Ignore vmlinux files. 79 75 80 --kallsyms=<file>:: 76 --kallsyms=<file>:: 81 kallsyms pathname 77 kallsyms pathname 82 78 83 -m <pages>:: 79 -m <pages>:: 84 --mmap-pages=<pages>:: 80 --mmap-pages=<pages>:: 85 Number of mmap data pages (must be a p 81 Number of mmap data pages (must be a power of two) or size 86 specification in bytes with appended u !! 82 specification with appended unit character - B/K/M/G. The 87 The size is rounded up to the nearest !! 83 size is rounded up to have nearest pages power of two value. 88 84 89 -p <pid>:: 85 -p <pid>:: 90 --pid=<pid>:: 86 --pid=<pid>:: 91 Profile events on existing Process ID 87 Profile events on existing Process ID (comma separated list). 92 88 93 -t <tid>:: 89 -t <tid>:: 94 --tid=<tid>:: 90 --tid=<tid>:: 95 Profile events on existing thread ID ( 91 Profile events on existing thread ID (comma separated list). 96 92 97 -u:: 93 -u:: 98 --uid=:: 94 --uid=:: 99 Record events in threads owned by uid. 95 Record events in threads owned by uid. Name or number. 100 96 101 -r <priority>:: 97 -r <priority>:: 102 --realtime=<priority>:: 98 --realtime=<priority>:: 103 Collect data with this RT SCHED_FIFO p 99 Collect data with this RT SCHED_FIFO priority. 104 100 105 --sym-annotate=<symbol>:: 101 --sym-annotate=<symbol>:: 106 Annotate this symbol. 102 Annotate this symbol. 107 103 108 -K:: 104 -K:: 109 --hide_kernel_symbols:: 105 --hide_kernel_symbols:: 110 Hide kernel symbols. 106 Hide kernel symbols. 111 107 112 -U:: 108 -U:: 113 --hide_user_symbols:: 109 --hide_user_symbols:: 114 Hide user symbols. 110 Hide user symbols. 115 111 116 --demangle-kernel:: 112 --demangle-kernel:: 117 Demangle kernel symbols. 113 Demangle kernel symbols. 118 114 119 -D:: 115 -D:: 120 --dump-symtab:: 116 --dump-symtab:: 121 Dump the symbol table used for profili 117 Dump the symbol table used for profiling. 122 118 123 -v:: 119 -v:: 124 --verbose:: 120 --verbose:: 125 Be more verbose (show counter open err 121 Be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc). 126 122 127 -z:: 123 -z:: 128 --zero:: 124 --zero:: 129 Zero history across display updates. 125 Zero history across display updates. 130 126 131 -s:: 127 -s:: 132 --sort:: 128 --sort:: 133 Sort by key(s): pid, comm, dso, symbol 129 Sort by key(s): pid, comm, dso, symbol, parent, srcline, weight, 134 local_weight, abort, in_tx, transactio 130 local_weight, abort, in_tx, transaction, overhead, sample, period. 135 Please see description of --sort in th 131 Please see description of --sort in the perf-report man page. 136 132 137 --fields=:: 133 --fields=:: 138 Specify output field - multiple keys c 134 Specify output field - multiple keys can be specified in CSV format. 139 Following fields are available: 135 Following fields are available: 140 overhead, overhead_sys, overhead_us, o 136 overhead, overhead_sys, overhead_us, overhead_children, sample and period. 141 Also it can contain any sort key(s). 137 Also it can contain any sort key(s). 142 138 143 By default, every sort keys not specif 139 By default, every sort keys not specified in --field will be appended 144 automatically. 140 automatically. 145 141 146 -n:: 142 -n:: 147 --show-nr-samples:: 143 --show-nr-samples:: 148 Show a column with the number of sampl 144 Show a column with the number of samples. 149 145 150 --show-total-period:: 146 --show-total-period:: 151 Show a column with the sum of periods. 147 Show a column with the sum of periods. 152 148 153 --dsos:: 149 --dsos:: 154 Only consider symbols in these dsos. 150 Only consider symbols in these dsos. This option will affect the 155 percentage of the overhead column. Se 151 percentage of the overhead column. See --percentage for more info. 156 152 157 --comms:: 153 --comms:: 158 Only consider symbols in these comms. 154 Only consider symbols in these comms. This option will affect the 159 percentage of the overhead column. Se 155 percentage of the overhead column. See --percentage for more info. 160 156 161 --symbols:: 157 --symbols:: 162 Only consider these symbols. This opt 158 Only consider these symbols. This option will affect the 163 percentage of the overhead column. Se 159 percentage of the overhead column. See --percentage for more info. 164 160 165 -M:: 161 -M:: 166 --disassembler-style=:: Set disassembler style 162 --disassembler-style=:: Set disassembler style for objdump. 167 163 168 --addr2line=<path>:: << 169 Path to addr2line binary. << 170 << 171 --objdump=<path>:: << 172 Path to objdump binary. << 173 << 174 --prefix=PREFIX:: 164 --prefix=PREFIX:: 175 --prefix-strip=N:: 165 --prefix-strip=N:: 176 Remove first N entries from source fil 166 Remove first N entries from source file path names in executables 177 and add PREFIX. This allows to display 167 and add PREFIX. This allows to display source code compiled on systems 178 with different file system layout. 168 with different file system layout. 179 169 180 --source:: 170 --source:: 181 Interleave source code with assembly c 171 Interleave source code with assembly code. Enabled by default, 182 disable with --no-source. 172 disable with --no-source. 183 173 184 --asm-raw:: 174 --asm-raw:: 185 Show raw instruction encoding of assem 175 Show raw instruction encoding of assembly instructions. 186 176 187 -g:: 177 -g:: 188 Enables call-graph (stack chain/backtr 178 Enables call-graph (stack chain/backtrace) recording. 189 179 190 --call-graph [mode,type,min[,limit],order[,key 180 --call-graph [mode,type,min[,limit],order[,key][,branch]]:: 191 Setup and enable call-graph (stack cha 181 Setup and enable call-graph (stack chain/backtrace) recording, 192 implies -g. See `--call-graph` sectio 182 implies -g. See `--call-graph` section in perf-record and 193 perf-report man pages for details. 183 perf-report man pages for details. 194 184 195 --children:: 185 --children:: 196 Accumulate callchain of children to pa 186 Accumulate callchain of children to parent entry so that then can 197 show up in the output. The output wil 187 show up in the output. The output will have a new "Children" column 198 and will be sorted on the data. It re 188 and will be sorted on the data. It requires -g/--call-graph option 199 enabled. See the `overhead calculatio 189 enabled. See the `overhead calculation' section for more details. 200 Enabled by default, disable with --no- 190 Enabled by default, disable with --no-children. 201 191 202 --max-stack:: 192 --max-stack:: 203 Set the stack depth limit when parsing 193 Set the stack depth limit when parsing the callchain, anything 204 beyond the specified depth will be ign 194 beyond the specified depth will be ignored. This is a trade-off 205 between information loss and faster pr 195 between information loss and faster processing especially for 206 workloads that can have a very long ca 196 workloads that can have a very long callchain stack. 207 197 208 Default: /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_m 198 Default: /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_stack when present, 127 otherwise. 209 199 210 --ignore-callees=<regex>:: 200 --ignore-callees=<regex>:: 211 Ignore callees of the function(s) matc 201 Ignore callees of the function(s) matching the given regex. 212 This has the effect of collecting the 202 This has the effect of collecting the callers of each such 213 function into one place in the call-gr 203 function into one place in the call-graph tree. 214 204 215 --percent-limit:: 205 --percent-limit:: 216 Do not show entries which have an over 206 Do not show entries which have an overhead under that percent. 217 (Default: 0). 207 (Default: 0). 218 208 219 --percentage:: 209 --percentage:: 220 Determine how to display the overhead 210 Determine how to display the overhead percentage of filtered entries. 221 Filters can be applied by --comms, --d 211 Filters can be applied by --comms, --dsos and/or --symbols options and 222 Zoom operations on the TUI (thread, ds 212 Zoom operations on the TUI (thread, dso, etc). 223 213 224 "relative" means it's relative to filt 214 "relative" means it's relative to filtered entries only so that the 225 sum of shown entries will be always 10 215 sum of shown entries will be always 100%. "absolute" means it retains 226 the original value before and after th 216 the original value before and after the filter is applied. 227 217 228 -w:: 218 -w:: 229 --column-widths=<width[,width...]>:: 219 --column-widths=<width[,width...]>:: 230 Force each column width to the provide 220 Force each column width to the provided list, for large terminal 231 readability. 0 means no limit (defaul 221 readability. 0 means no limit (default behavior). 232 222 233 --proc-map-timeout:: 223 --proc-map-timeout:: 234 When processing pre-existing threads / 224 When processing pre-existing threads /proc/XXX/mmap, it may take 235 a long time, because the file may be h 225 a long time, because the file may be huge. A time out is needed 236 in such cases. 226 in such cases. 237 This option sets the time out limit. T 227 This option sets the time out limit. The default value is 500 ms. 238 228 239 229 240 -b:: 230 -b:: 241 --branch-any:: 231 --branch-any:: 242 Enable taken branch stack sampling. An 232 Enable taken branch stack sampling. Any type of taken branch may be sampled. 243 This is a shortcut for --branch-filter 233 This is a shortcut for --branch-filter any. See --branch-filter for more infos. 244 234 245 -j:: 235 -j:: 246 --branch-filter:: 236 --branch-filter:: 247 Enable taken branch stack sampling. Ea 237 Enable taken branch stack sampling. Each sample captures a series of consecutive 248 taken branches. The number of branches 238 taken branches. The number of branches captured with each sample depends on the 249 underlying hardware, the type of branc 239 underlying hardware, the type of branches of interest, and the executed code. 250 It is possible to select the types of 240 It is possible to select the types of branches captured by enabling filters. 251 For a full list of modifiers please se 241 For a full list of modifiers please see the perf record manpage. 252 242 253 The option requires at least one branc 243 The option requires at least one branch type among any, any_call, any_ret, ind_call, cond. 254 The privilege levels may be omitted, i 244 The privilege levels may be omitted, in which case, the privilege levels of the associated 255 event are applied to the branch filter 245 event are applied to the branch filter. Both kernel (k) and hypervisor (hv) privilege 256 levels are subject to permissions. Wh 246 levels are subject to permissions. When sampling on multiple events, branch stack sampling 257 is enabled for all the sampling events 247 is enabled for all the sampling events. The sampled branch type is the same for all events. 258 The various filters must be specified 248 The various filters must be specified as a comma separated list: --branch-filter any_ret,u,k 259 Note that this feature may not be avai 249 Note that this feature may not be available on all processors. 260 250 261 --branch-history:: << 262 Add the addresses of sampled taken bra << 263 This allows to examine the path the pr << 264 << 265 --raw-trace:: 251 --raw-trace:: 266 When displaying traceevent output, do 252 When displaying traceevent output, do not use print fmt or plugins. 267 253 268 -H:: << 269 --hierarchy:: 254 --hierarchy:: 270 Enable hierarchical output. In the hi !! 255 Enable hierarchy output. 271 samples based on the criteria and then << 272 level sort key. << 273 << 274 For example, in normal output: << 275 << 276 perf report -s dso,sym << 277 # << 278 # Overhead Shared Object Symbo << 279 # ........ ................. ..... << 280 50.00% [kernel.kallsyms] [k] k << 281 20.00% perf [.] f << 282 15.00% [kernel.kallsyms] [k] k << 283 10.00% perf [.] b << 284 5.00% libc.so [.] l << 285 << 286 In hierarchy output: << 287 << 288 perf report -s dso,sym --hierarchy << 289 # << 290 # Overhead Shared Object / Symbol << 291 # .......... ...................... << 292 65.00% [kernel.kallsyms] << 293 50.00% [k] kfunc1 << 294 15.00% [k] kfunc2 << 295 30.00% perf << 296 20.00% [.] foo << 297 10.00% [.] bar << 298 5.00% libc.so << 299 5.00% [.] libcall << 300 256 301 --overwrite:: 257 --overwrite:: 302 Enable this to use just the most recen 258 Enable this to use just the most recent records, which helps in high core count 303 machines such as Knights Landing/Mill, 259 machines such as Knights Landing/Mill, but right now is disabled by default as 304 the pausing used in this technique is 260 the pausing used in this technique is leading to loss of metadata events such 305 as PERF_RECORD_MMAP which makes 'perf 261 as PERF_RECORD_MMAP which makes 'perf top' unable to resolve samples, leading 306 to lots of unknown samples appearing o 262 to lots of unknown samples appearing on the UI. Enable this if you are in such 307 machines and profiling a workload that 263 machines and profiling a workload that doesn't creates short lived threads and/or 308 doesn't uses many executable mmap oper 264 doesn't uses many executable mmap operations. Work is being planed to solve 309 this situation, till then, this will r 265 this situation, till then, this will remain disabled by default. 310 266 311 --force:: 267 --force:: 312 Don't do ownership validation. 268 Don't do ownership validation. 313 269 314 --num-thread-synthesize:: 270 --num-thread-synthesize:: 315 The number of threads to run when synt 271 The number of threads to run when synthesizing events for existing processes. 316 By default, the number of threads equa 272 By default, the number of threads equals to the number of online CPUs. 317 273 318 --namespaces:: 274 --namespaces:: 319 Record events of type PERF_RECORD_NAME 275 Record events of type PERF_RECORD_NAMESPACES and display it with the 320 'cgroup_id' sort key. 276 'cgroup_id' sort key. 321 277 322 -G name:: 278 -G name:: 323 --cgroup name:: 279 --cgroup name:: 324 monitor only in the container (cgroup) called 280 monitor only in the container (cgroup) called "name". This option is available only 325 in per-cpu mode. The cgroup filesystem must be 281 in per-cpu mode. The cgroup filesystem must be mounted. All threads belonging to 326 container "name" are monitored when they run o 282 container "name" are monitored when they run on the monitored CPUs. Multiple cgroups 327 can be provided. Each cgroup is applied to the 283 can be provided. Each cgroup is applied to the corresponding event, i.e., first cgroup 328 to first event, second cgroup to second event 284 to first event, second cgroup to second event and so on. It is possible to provide 329 an empty cgroup (monitor all the time) using, 285 an empty cgroup (monitor all the time) using, e.g., -G foo,,bar. Cgroups must have 330 corresponding events, i.e., they always refer 286 corresponding events, i.e., they always refer to events defined earlier on the command 331 line. If the user wants to track multiple even 287 line. If the user wants to track multiple events for a specific cgroup, the user can 332 use '-e e1 -e e2 -G foo,foo' or just use '-e e 288 use '-e e1 -e e2 -G foo,foo' or just use '-e e1 -e e2 -G foo'. 333 289 334 --all-cgroups:: 290 --all-cgroups:: 335 Record events of type PERF_RECORD_CGRO 291 Record events of type PERF_RECORD_CGROUP and display it with the 336 'cgroup' sort key. 292 'cgroup' sort key. 337 293 338 --switch-on EVENT_NAME:: 294 --switch-on EVENT_NAME:: 339 Only consider events after this event 295 Only consider events after this event is found. 340 296 341 E.g.: 297 E.g.: 342 298 343 Find out where broadcast packets ar 299 Find out where broadcast packets are handled 344 300 345 perf probe -L icmp_rcv 301 perf probe -L icmp_rcv 346 302 347 Insert a probe there: 303 Insert a probe there: 348 304 349 perf probe icmp_rcv:59 305 perf probe icmp_rcv:59 350 306 351 Start perf top and ask it to only c 307 Start perf top and ask it to only consider the cycles events when a 352 broadcast packet arrives This will 308 broadcast packet arrives This will show a menu with two entries and 353 will start counting when a broadcas 309 will start counting when a broadcast packet arrives: 354 310 355 perf top -e cycles,probe:icmp_ 311 perf top -e cycles,probe:icmp_rcv --switch-on=probe:icmp_rcv 356 312 357 Alternatively one can ask for a gro 313 Alternatively one can ask for a group and then two overhead columns 358 will appear, the first for cycles a 314 will appear, the first for cycles and the second for the switch-on event. 359 315 360 perf top -e '{cycles,probe:icm 316 perf top -e '{cycles,probe:icmp_rcv}' --switch-on=probe:icmp_rcv 361 317 362 This may be interesting to measure a w 318 This may be interesting to measure a workload only after some initialization 363 phase is over, i.e. insert a perf prob 319 phase is over, i.e. insert a perf probe at that point and use the above 364 examples replacing probe:icmp_rcv with 320 examples replacing probe:icmp_rcv with the just-after-init probe. 365 321 366 --switch-off EVENT_NAME:: 322 --switch-off EVENT_NAME:: 367 Stop considering events after this eve 323 Stop considering events after this event is found. 368 324 369 --show-on-off-events:: 325 --show-on-off-events:: 370 Show the --switch-on/off events too. T 326 Show the --switch-on/off events too. This has no effect in 'perf top' now 371 but probably we'll make the default no 327 but probably we'll make the default not to show the switch-on/off events 372 on the --group mode and if there is on 328 on the --group mode and if there is only one event besides the off/on ones, 373 go straight to the histogram browser, 329 go straight to the histogram browser, just like 'perf top' with no events 374 explicitly specified does. 330 explicitly specified does. 375 331 376 --stitch-lbr:: 332 --stitch-lbr:: 377 Show callgraph with stitched LBRs, whi 333 Show callgraph with stitched LBRs, which may have more complete 378 callgraph. The option must be used wit 334 callgraph. The option must be used with --call-graph lbr recording. 379 Disabled by default. In common cases w 335 Disabled by default. In common cases with call stack overflows, 380 it can recreate better call stacks tha 336 it can recreate better call stacks than the default lbr call stack 381 output. But this approach is not foolp 337 output. But this approach is not foolproof. There can be cases 382 where it creates incorrect call stacks 338 where it creates incorrect call stacks from incorrect matches. 383 The known limitations include exceptio 339 The known limitations include exception handing such as 384 setjmp/longjmp will have calls/returns 340 setjmp/longjmp will have calls/returns not match. 385 341 386 ifdef::HAVE_LIBPFM[] 342 ifdef::HAVE_LIBPFM[] 387 --pfm-events events:: 343 --pfm-events events:: 388 Select a PMU event using libpfm4 syntax (see h 344 Select a PMU event using libpfm4 syntax (see http://perfmon2.sf.net) 389 including support for event filters. For examp 345 including support for event filters. For example '--pfm-events 390 inst_retired:any_p:u:c=1:i'. More than one eve 346 inst_retired:any_p:u:c=1:i'. More than one event can be passed to the 391 option using the comma separator. Hardware eve 347 option using the comma separator. Hardware events and generic hardware 392 events cannot be mixed together. The latter mu 348 events cannot be mixed together. The latter must be used with the -e 393 option. The -e option and this one can be mixe 349 option. The -e option and this one can be mixed and matched. Events 394 can be grouped using the {} notation. 350 can be grouped using the {} notation. 395 endif::HAVE_LIBPFM[] 351 endif::HAVE_LIBPFM[] 396 352 397 INTERACTIVE PROMPTING KEYS 353 INTERACTIVE PROMPTING KEYS 398 -------------------------- 354 -------------------------- 399 355 400 [d]:: 356 [d]:: 401 Display refresh delay. 357 Display refresh delay. 402 358 403 [e]:: 359 [e]:: 404 Number of entries to display. 360 Number of entries to display. 405 361 406 [E]:: 362 [E]:: 407 Event to display when multiple counter 363 Event to display when multiple counters are active. 408 364 409 [f]:: 365 [f]:: 410 Profile display filter (>= hit count). 366 Profile display filter (>= hit count). 411 367 412 [F]:: 368 [F]:: 413 Annotation display filter (>= % of tot 369 Annotation display filter (>= % of total). 414 370 415 [s]:: 371 [s]:: 416 Annotate symbol. 372 Annotate symbol. 417 373 418 [S]:: 374 [S]:: 419 Stop annotation, return to full profil 375 Stop annotation, return to full profile display. 420 376 421 [K]:: 377 [K]:: 422 Hide kernel symbols. 378 Hide kernel symbols. 423 379 424 [U]:: 380 [U]:: 425 Hide user symbols. 381 Hide user symbols. 426 382 427 [z]:: 383 [z]:: 428 Toggle event count zeroing across disp 384 Toggle event count zeroing across display updates. 429 385 430 [qQ]:: 386 [qQ]:: 431 Quit. 387 Quit. 432 388 433 Pressing any unmapped key displays a menu, and 389 Pressing any unmapped key displays a menu, and prompts for input. 434 390 435 include::callchain-overhead-calculation.txt[] 391 include::callchain-overhead-calculation.txt[] 436 392 437 SEE ALSO 393 SEE ALSO 438 -------- 394 -------- 439 linkperf:perf-stat[1], linkperf:perf-list[1], 395 linkperf:perf-stat[1], linkperf:perf-list[1], linkperf:perf-report[1]
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