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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 2 3 ========================== 4 General Filesystem Caching 5 ========================== 6 7 Overview 8 ======== 9 10 This facility is a general purpose cache for network filesystems, though it 11 could be used for caching other things such as ISO9660 filesystems too. 12 13 FS-Cache mediates between cache backends (such as CacheFiles) and network 14 filesystems:: 15 16 +---------+ 17 | | +--------------+ 18 | NFS |--+ | | 19 | | | +-->| CacheFS | 20 +---------+ | +----------+ | | /dev/hda5 | 21 | | | | +--------------+ 22 +---------+ +-------------->| | | 23 | | +-------+ | |--+ 24 | AFS |----->| | | FS-Cache | 25 | | | netfs |-->| |--+ 26 +---------+ +-->| lib | | | | 27 | | | | | | +--------------+ 28 +---------+ | +-------+ +----------+ | | | 29 | | | +-->| CacheFiles | 30 | 9P |--+ | /var/cache | 31 | | +--------------+ 32 +---------+ 33 34 Or to look at it another way, FS-Cache is a module that provides a caching 35 facility to a network filesystem such that the cache is transparent to the 36 user:: 37 38 +---------+ 39 | | 40 | Server | 41 | | 42 +---------+ 43 | NETWORK 44 ~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 45 | 46 | +----------+ 47 V | | 48 +---------+ | | 49 | | | | 50 | NFS |----->| FS-Cache | 51 | | | |--+ 52 +---------+ | | | +--------------+ +--------------+ 53 | | | | | | | | 54 V +----------+ +-->| CacheFiles |-->| Ext3 | 55 +---------+ | /var/cache | | /dev/sda6 | 56 | | +--------------+ +--------------+ 57 | VFS | ^ ^ 58 | | | | 59 +---------+ +--------------+ | 60 | KERNEL SPACE | | 61 ~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~|~~~~ 62 | USER SPACE | | 63 V | | 64 +---------+ +--------------+ 65 | | | | 66 | Process | | cachefilesd | 67 | | | | 68 +---------+ +--------------+ 69 70 71 FS-Cache does not follow the idea of completely loading every netfs file 72 opened in its entirety into a cache before permitting it to be accessed and 73 then serving the pages out of that cache rather than the netfs inode because: 74 75 (1) It must be practical to operate without a cache. 76 77 (2) The size of any accessible file must not be limited to the size of the 78 cache. 79 80 (3) The combined size of all opened files (this includes mapped libraries) 81 must not be limited to the size of the cache. 82 83 (4) The user should not be forced to download an entire file just to do a 84 one-off access of a small portion of it (such as might be done with the 85 "file" program). 86 87 It instead serves the cache out in chunks as and when requested by the netfs 88 using it. 89 90 91 FS-Cache provides the following facilities: 92 93 * More than one cache can be used at once. Caches can be selected 94 explicitly by use of tags. 95 96 * Caches can be added / removed at any time, even whilst being accessed. 97 98 * The netfs is provided with an interface that allows either party to 99 withdraw caching facilities from a file (required for (2)). 100 101 * The interface to the netfs returns as few errors as possible, preferring 102 rather to let the netfs remain oblivious. 103 104 * There are three types of cookie: cache, volume and data file cookies. 105 Cache cookies represent the cache as a whole and are not normally visible 106 to the netfs; the netfs gets a volume cookie to represent a collection of 107 files (typically something that a netfs would get for a superblock); and 108 data file cookies are used to cache data (something that would be got for 109 an inode). 110 111 * Volumes are matched using a key. This is a printable string that is used 112 to encode all the information that might be needed to distinguish one 113 superblock, say, from another. This would be a compound of things like 114 cell name or server address, volume name or share path. It must be a 115 valid pathname. 116 117 * Cookies are matched using a key. This is a binary blob and is used to 118 represent the object within a volume (so the volume key need not form 119 part of the blob). This might include things like an inode number and 120 uniquifier or a file handle. 121 122 * Cookie resources are set up and pinned by marking the cookie in-use. 123 This prevents the backing resources from being culled. Timed garbage 124 collection is employed to eliminate cookies that haven't been used for a 125 short while, thereby reducing resource overload. This is intended to be 126 used when a file is opened or closed. 127 128 A cookie can be marked in-use multiple times simultaneously; each mark 129 must be unused. 130 131 * Begin/end access functions are provided to delay cache withdrawal for the 132 duration of an operation and prevent structs from being freed whilst 133 we're looking at them. 134 135 * Data I/O is done by asynchronous DIO to/from a buffer described by the 136 netfs using an iov_iter. 137 138 * An invalidation facility is available to discard data from the cache and 139 to deal with I/O that's in progress that is accessing old data. 140 141 * Cookies can be "retired" upon release, thereby causing the object to be 142 removed from the cache. 143 144 145 The netfs API to FS-Cache can be found in: 146 147 Documentation/filesystems/caching/netfs-api.rst 148 149 The cache backend API to FS-Cache can be found in: 150 151 Documentation/filesystems/caching/backend-api.rst 152 153 154 Statistical Information 155 ======================= 156 157 If FS-Cache is compiled with the following options enabled:: 158 159 CONFIG_FSCACHE_STATS=y 160 161 then it will gather certain statistics and display them through: 162 163 /proc/fs/fscache/stats 164 165 This shows counts of a number of events that can happen in FS-Cache: 166 167 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 168 |CLASS |EVENT |MEANING | 169 +==============+=======+=======================================================+ 170 |Cookies |n=N |Number of data storage cookies allocated | 171 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 172 | |v=N |Number of volume index cookies allocated | 173 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 174 | |vcol=N |Number of volume index key collisions | 175 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 176 | |voom=N |Number of OOM events when allocating volume cookies | 177 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 178 |Acquire |n=N |Number of acquire cookie requests seen | 179 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 180 | |ok=N |Number of acq reqs succeeded | 181 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 182 | |oom=N |Number of acq reqs failed on ENOMEM | 183 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 184 |LRU |n=N |Number of cookies currently on the LRU | 185 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 186 | |exp=N |Number of cookies expired off of the LRU | 187 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 188 | |rmv=N |Number of cookies removed from the LRU | 189 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 190 | |drp=N |Number of LRU'd cookies relinquished/withdrawn | 191 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 192 | |at=N |Time till next LRU cull (jiffies) | 193 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 194 |Invals |n=N |Number of invalidations | 195 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 196 |Updates |n=N |Number of update cookie requests seen | 197 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 198 | |rsz=N |Number of resize requests | 199 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 200 | |rsn=N |Number of skipped resize requests | 201 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 202 |Relinqs |n=N |Number of relinquish cookie requests seen | 203 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 204 | |rtr=N |Number of rlq reqs with retire=true | 205 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 206 | |drop=N |Number of cookies no longer blocking re-acquisition | 207 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 208 |NoSpace |nwr=N |Number of write requests refused due to lack of space | 209 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 210 | |ncr=N |Number of create requests refused due to lack of space | 211 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 212 | |cull=N |Number of objects culled to make space | 213 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 214 |IO |rd=N |Number of read operations in the cache | 215 + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 216 | |wr=N |Number of write operations in the cache | 217 +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ 218 219 Netfslib will also add some stats counters of its own. 220 221 222 Cache List 223 ========== 224 225 FS-Cache provides a list of cache cookies: 226 227 /proc/fs/fscache/cookies 228 229 This will look something like:: 230 231 # cat /proc/fs/fscache/caches 232 CACHE REF VOLS OBJS ACCES S NAME 233 ======== ===== ===== ===== ===== = =============== 234 00000001 2 1 2123 1 A default 235 236 where the columns are: 237 238 ======= =============================================================== 239 COLUMN DESCRIPTION 240 ======= =============================================================== 241 CACHE Cache cookie debug ID (also appears in traces) 242 REF Number of references on the cache cookie 243 VOLS Number of volumes cookies in this cache 244 OBJS Number of cache objects in use 245 ACCES Number of accesses pinning the cache 246 S State 247 NAME Name of the cache. 248 ======= =============================================================== 249 250 The state can be (-) Inactive, (P)reparing, (A)ctive, (E)rror or (W)ithdrawing. 251 252 253 Volume List 254 =========== 255 256 FS-Cache provides a list of volume cookies: 257 258 /proc/fs/fscache/volumes 259 260 This will look something like:: 261 262 VOLUME REF nCOOK ACC FL CACHE KEY 263 ======== ===== ===== === == =============== ================ 264 00000001 55 54 1 00 default afs,example.com,100058 265 266 where the columns are: 267 268 ======= =============================================================== 269 COLUMN DESCRIPTION 270 ======= =============================================================== 271 VOLUME The volume cookie debug ID (also appears in traces) 272 REF Number of references on the volume cookie 273 nCOOK Number of cookies in the volume 274 ACC Number of accesses pinning the cache 275 FL Flags on the volume cookie 276 CACHE Name of the cache or "-" 277 KEY The indexing key for the volume 278 ======= =============================================================== 279 280 281 Cookie List 282 =========== 283 284 FS-Cache provides a list of cookies: 285 286 /proc/fs/fscache/cookies 287 288 This will look something like:: 289 290 # head /proc/fs/fscache/cookies 291 COOKIE VOLUME REF ACT ACC S FL DEF 292 ======== ======== === === === = == ================ 293 00000435 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 0000000201d080070000000000000000, 0000000000000000 294 00000436 00000001 1 0 -1 - 00 0000005601d080080000000000000000, 0000000000000051 295 00000437 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3001d0823f0000000000000000, 0000000000000000 296 00000438 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 0000005801d0807b0000000000000000, 0000000000000000 297 00000439 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3201d080a10000000000000000, 0000000000000000 298 0000043a 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3401d080a30000000000000000, 0000000000000000 299 0000043b 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3601d080b30000000000000000, 0000000000000000 300 0000043c 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3801d080b40000000000000000, 0000000000000000 301 302 where the columns are: 303 304 ======= =============================================================== 305 COLUMN DESCRIPTION 306 ======= =============================================================== 307 COOKIE The cookie debug ID (also appears in traces) 308 VOLUME The parent volume cookie debug ID 309 REF Number of references on the volume cookie 310 ACT Number of times the cookie is marked for in use 311 ACC Number of access pins in the cookie 312 S State of the cookie 313 FL Flags on the cookie 314 DEF Key, auxiliary data 315 ======= =============================================================== 316 317 318 Debugging 319 ========= 320 321 If CONFIG_NETFS_DEBUG is enabled, the FS-Cache facility and NETFS support can 322 have runtime debugging enabled by adjusting the value in:: 323 324 /sys/module/netfs/parameters/debug 325 326 This is a bitmask of debugging streams to enable: 327 328 ======= ======= =============================== ======================= 329 BIT VALUE STREAM POINT 330 ======= ======= =============================== ======================= 331 0 1 Cache management Function entry trace 332 1 2 Function exit trace 333 2 4 General 334 3 8 Cookie management Function entry trace 335 4 16 Function exit trace 336 5 32 General 337 6-8 (Not used) 338 9 512 I/O operation management Function entry trace 339 10 1024 Function exit trace 340 11 2048 General 341 ======= ======= =============================== ======================= 342 343 The appropriate set of values should be OR'd together and the result written to 344 the control file. For example:: 345 346 echo $((1|8|512)) >/sys/module/netfs/parameters/debug 347 348 will turn on all function entry debugging.
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