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Linux/Documentation/hwmon/lm85.rst

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  1 Kernel driver lm85
  2 ==================
  3 
  4 Supported chips:
  5 
  6   * National Semiconductor LM85 (B and C versions)
  7 
  8     Prefix: 'lm85b' or 'lm85c'
  9 
 10     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 11 
 12     Datasheet: http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM85.html
 13 
 14   * Texas Instruments LM96000
 15 
 16     Prefix: 'lm9600'
 17 
 18     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 19 
 20     Datasheet: https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm96000.pdf
 21 
 22   * Analog Devices ADM1027
 23 
 24     Prefix: 'adm1027'
 25 
 26     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 27 
 28     Datasheet: https://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=ADM1027
 29 
 30   * Analog Devices ADT7463
 31 
 32     Prefix: 'adt7463'
 33 
 34     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 35 
 36     Datasheet: https://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=ADT7463
 37 
 38   * Analog Devices ADT7468
 39 
 40     Prefix: 'adt7468'
 41 
 42     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 43 
 44     Datasheet: https://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/product.do?id=ADT7468
 45 
 46   * SMSC EMC6D100, SMSC EMC6D101
 47 
 48     Prefix: 'emc6d100'
 49 
 50     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 51 
 52     Datasheet: http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/discontinued/6d100.pdf
 53 
 54   * SMSC EMC6D102
 55 
 56     Prefix: 'emc6d102'
 57 
 58     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 59 
 60     Datasheet: http://www.smsc.com/main/catalog/emc6d102.html
 61 
 62   * SMSC EMC6D103
 63 
 64     Prefix: 'emc6d103'
 65 
 66     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 67 
 68     Datasheet: http://www.smsc.com/main/catalog/emc6d103.html
 69 
 70   * SMSC EMC6D103S
 71 
 72     Prefix: 'emc6d103s'
 73 
 74     Addresses scanned: I2C 0x2c, 0x2d, 0x2e
 75 
 76     Datasheet: http://www.smsc.com/main/catalog/emc6d103s.html
 77 
 78 Authors:
 79        - Philip Pokorny <ppokorny@penguincomputing.com>,
 80        - Frodo Looijaard <frodol@dds.nl>,
 81        - Richard Barrington <rich_b_nz@clear.net.nz>,
 82        - Margit Schubert-While <margitsw@t-online.de>,
 83        - Justin Thiessen <jthiessen@penguincomputing.com>
 84 
 85 Description
 86 -----------
 87 
 88 This driver implements support for the National Semiconductor LM85 and
 89 compatible chips including the Analog Devices ADM1027, ADT7463, ADT7468 and
 90 SMSC EMC6D10x chips family.
 91 
 92 The LM85 uses the 2-wire interface compatible with the SMBUS 2.0
 93 specification. Using an analog to digital converter it measures three (3)
 94 temperatures and five (5) voltages. It has four (4) 16-bit counters for
 95 measuring fan speed. Five (5) digital inputs are provided for sampling the
 96 VID signals from the processor to the VRM. Lastly, there are three (3) PWM
 97 outputs that can be used to control fan speed.
 98 
 99 The voltage inputs have internal scaling resistors so that the following
100 voltage can be measured without external resistors:
101 
102   2.5V, 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and CPU core voltage (2.25V)
103 
104 The temperatures measured are one internal diode, and two remote diodes.
105 Remote 1 is generally the CPU temperature. These inputs are designed to
106 measure a thermal diode like the one in a Pentium 4 processor in a socket
107 423 or socket 478 package. They can also measure temperature using a
108 transistor like the 2N3904.
109 
110 A sophisticated control system for the PWM outputs is designed into the
111 LM85 that allows fan speed to be adjusted automatically based on any of the
112 three temperature sensors. Each PWM output is individually adjustable and
113 programmable. Once configured, the LM85 will adjust the PWM outputs in
114 response to the measured temperatures without further host intervention.
115 This feature can also be disabled for manual control of the PWM's.
116 
117 Each of the measured inputs (voltage, temperature, fan speed) has
118 corresponding high/low limit values. The LM85 will signal an ALARM if any
119 measured value exceeds either limit.
120 
121 The LM85 samples all inputs continuously. The lm85 driver will not read
122 the registers more often than once a second. Further, configuration data is
123 only read once each 5 minutes. There is twice as much config data as
124 measurements, so this would seem to be a worthwhile optimization.
125 
126 Special Features
127 ----------------
128 
129 The LM85 has four fan speed monitoring modes. The ADM1027 has only two.
130 Both have special circuitry to compensate for PWM interactions with the
131 TACH signal from the fans. The ADM1027 can be configured to measure the
132 speed of a two wire fan, but the input conditioning circuitry is different
133 for 3-wire and 2-wire mode. For this reason, the 2-wire fan modes are not
134 exposed to user control. The BIOS should initialize them to the correct
135 mode. If you've designed your own ADM1027, you'll have to modify the
136 init_client function and add an insmod parameter to set this up.
137 
138 To smooth the response of fans to changes in temperature, the LM85 has an
139 optional filter for smoothing temperatures. The ADM1027 has the same
140 config option but uses it to rate limit the changes to fan speed instead.
141 
142 The ADM1027, ADT7463 and ADT7468 have a 10-bit ADC and can therefore
143 measure temperatures with 0.25 degC resolution. They also provide an offset
144 to the temperature readings that is automatically applied during
145 measurement. This offset can be used to zero out any errors due to traces
146 and placement. The documentation says that the offset is in 0.25 degC
147 steps, but in initial testing of the ADM1027 it was 1.00 degC steps. Analog
148 Devices has confirmed this "bug". The ADT7463 is reported to work as
149 described in the documentation. The current lm85 driver does not show the
150 offset register.
151 
152 The ADT7468 has a high-frequency PWM mode, where all PWM outputs are
153 driven by a 22.5 kHz clock. This is a global mode, not per-PWM output,
154 which means that setting any PWM frequency above 11.3 kHz will switch
155 all 3 PWM outputs to a 22.5 kHz frequency. Conversely, setting any PWM
156 frequency below 11.3 kHz will switch all 3 PWM outputs to a frequency
157 between 10 and 100 Hz, which can then be tuned separately.
158 
159 See the vendor datasheets for more information. There is application note
160 from National (AN-1260) with some additional information about the LM85.
161 The Analog Devices datasheet is very detailed and describes a procedure for
162 determining an optimal configuration for the automatic PWM control.
163 
164 The SMSC EMC6D100 & EMC6D101 monitor external voltages, temperatures, and
165 fan speeds. They use this monitoring capability to alert the system to out
166 of limit conditions and can automatically control the speeds of multiple
167 fans in a PC or embedded system. The EMC6D101, available in a 24-pin SSOP
168 package, and the EMC6D100, available in a 28-pin SSOP package, are designed
169 to be register compatible. The EMC6D100 offers all the features of the
170 EMC6D101 plus additional voltage monitoring and system control features.
171 Unfortunately it is not possible to distinguish between the package
172 versions on register level so these additional voltage inputs may read
173 zero. EMC6D102 and EMC6D103 feature additional ADC bits thus extending precision
174 of voltage and temperature channels.
175 
176 SMSC EMC6D103S is similar to EMC6D103, but does not support pwm#_auto_pwm_minctl
177 and temp#_auto_temp_off.
178 
179 The LM96000 supports additional high frequency PWM modes (22.5 kHz, 24 kHz,
180 25.7 kHz, 27.7 kHz and 30 kHz), which can be configured on a per-PWM basis.
181 
182 Hardware Configurations
183 -----------------------
184 
185 The LM85 can be jumpered for 3 different SMBus addresses. There are
186 no other hardware configuration options for the LM85.
187 
188 The lm85 driver detects both LM85B and LM85C revisions of the chip. See the
189 datasheet for a complete description of the differences. Other than
190 identifying the chip, the driver behaves no differently with regard to
191 these two chips. The LM85B is recommended for new designs.
192 
193 The ADM1027, ADT7463 and ADT7468 chips have an optional SMBALERT output
194 that can be used to signal the chipset in case a limit is exceeded or the
195 temperature sensors fail. Individual sensor interrupts can be masked so
196 they won't trigger SMBALERT. The SMBALERT output if configured replaces one
197 of the other functions (PWM2 or IN0). This functionality is not implemented
198 in current driver.
199 
200 The ADT7463 and ADT7468 also have an optional THERM output/input which can
201 be connected to the processor PROC_HOT output. If available, the autofan
202 control dynamic Tmin feature can be enabled to keep the system temperature
203 within spec (just?!) with the least possible fan noise.
204 
205 Configuration Notes
206 -------------------
207 
208 Besides standard interfaces driver adds following:
209 
210 * Temperatures and Zones
211 
212 Each temperature sensor is associated with a Zone. There are three
213 sensors and therefore three zones (# 1, 2 and 3). Each zone has the following
214 temperature configuration points:
215 
216 * temp#_auto_temp_off
217         - temperature below which fans should be off or spinning very low.
218 * temp#_auto_temp_min
219         - temperature over which fans start to spin.
220 * temp#_auto_temp_max
221         - temperature when fans spin at full speed.
222 * temp#_auto_temp_crit
223         - temperature when all fans will run full speed.
224 
225 PWM Control
226 ^^^^^^^^^^^
227 
228 There are three PWM outputs. The LM85 datasheet suggests that the
229 pwm3 output control both fan3 and fan4. Each PWM can be individually
230 configured and assigned to a zone for its control value. Each PWM can be
231 configured individually according to the following options.
232 
233 * pwm#_auto_pwm_min
234         - this specifies the PWM value for temp#_auto_temp_off
235           temperature. (PWM value from 0 to 255)
236 
237 * pwm#_auto_pwm_minctl
238         - this flags selects for temp#_auto_temp_off temperature
239           the behaviour of fans. Write 1 to let fans spinning at
240           pwm#_auto_pwm_min or write 0 to let them off.
241 
242 .. note::
243 
244         It has been reported that there is a bug in the LM85 that causes
245         the flag to be associated with the zones not the PWMs. This
246         contradicts all the published documentation. Setting pwm#_min_ctl
247         in this case actually affects all PWMs controlled by zone '#'.
248 
249 PWM Controlling Zone selection
250 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
251 
252 * pwm#_auto_channels
253         - controls zone that is associated with PWM
254 
255 Configuration choices:
256 
257 ========== =============================================
258 Value      Meaning
259 ========== =============================================
260       1    Controlled by Zone 1
261       2    Controlled by Zone 2
262       3    Controlled by Zone 3
263      23    Controlled by higher temp of Zone 2 or 3
264     123    Controlled by highest temp of Zone 1, 2 or 3
265       0    PWM always 0%  (off)
266      -1    PWM always 100%  (full on)
267      -2    Manual control (write to 'pwm#' to set)
268 ========== =============================================
269 
270 The National LM85's have two vendor specific configuration
271 features. Tach. mode and Spinup Control. For more details on these,
272 see the LM85 datasheet or Application Note AN-1260. These features
273 are not currently supported by the lm85 driver.
274 
275 The Analog Devices ADM1027 has several vendor specific enhancements.
276 The number of pulses-per-rev of the fans can be set, Tach monitoring
277 can be optimized for PWM operation, and an offset can be applied to
278 the temperatures to compensate for systemic errors in the
279 measurements. These features are not currently supported by the lm85
280 driver.
281 
282 In addition to the ADM1027 features, the ADT7463 and ADT7468 also have
283 Tmin control and THERM asserted counts. Automatic Tmin control acts to
284 adjust the Tmin value to maintain the measured temperature sensor at a
285 specified temperature. There isn't much documentation on this feature in
286 the ADT7463 data sheet. This is not supported by current driver.

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