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TOMOYO Linux Cross Reference
Linux/Documentation/usb/gadget_multi.rst

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  1 ==============================
  2 Multifunction Composite Gadget
  3 ==============================
  4 
  5 Overview
  6 ========
  7 
  8 The Multifunction Composite Gadget (or g_multi) is a composite gadget
  9 that makes extensive use of the composite framework to provide
 10 a... multifunction gadget.
 11 
 12 In its standard configuration it provides a single USB configuration
 13 with RNDIS[1] (that is Ethernet), USB CDC[2] ACM (that is serial) and
 14 USB Mass Storage functions.
 15 
 16 A CDC ECM (Ethernet) function may be turned on via a Kconfig option
 17 and RNDIS can be turned off.  If they are both enabled the gadget will
 18 have two configurations -- one with RNDIS and another with CDC ECM[3].
 19 
 20 Please note that if you use non-standard configuration (that is enable
 21 CDC ECM) you may need to change vendor and/or product ID.
 22 
 23 Host drivers
 24 ============
 25 
 26 To make use of the gadget one needs to make it work on host side --
 27 without that there's no hope of achieving anything with the gadget.
 28 As one might expect, things one need to do very from system to system.
 29 
 30 Linux host drivers
 31 ------------------
 32 
 33 Since the gadget uses standard composite framework and appears as such
 34 to Linux host it does not need any additional drivers on Linux host
 35 side.  All the functions are handled by respective drivers developed
 36 for them.
 37 
 38 This is also true for two configuration set-up with RNDIS
 39 configuration being the first one.  Linux host will use the second
 40 configuration with CDC ECM which should work better under Linux.
 41 
 42 Windows host drivers
 43 --------------------
 44 
 45 For the gadget to work under Windows two conditions have to be met:
 46 
 47 Detecting as composite gadget
 48 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 49 
 50 First of all, Windows need to detect the gadget as an USB composite
 51 gadget which on its own have some conditions[4].  If they are met,
 52 Windows lets USB Generic Parent Driver[5] handle the device which then
 53 tries to match drivers for each individual interface (sort of, don't
 54 get into too many details).
 55 
 56 The good news is: you do not have to worry about most of the
 57 conditions!
 58 
 59 The only thing to worry is that the gadget has to have a single
 60 configuration so a dual RNDIS and CDC ECM gadget won't work unless you
 61 create a proper INF -- and of course, if you do submit it!
 62 
 63 Installing drivers for each function
 64 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 65 
 66 The other, trickier thing is making Windows install drivers for each
 67 individual function.
 68 
 69 For mass storage it is trivial since Windows detect it's an interface
 70 implementing USB Mass Storage class and selects appropriate driver.
 71 
 72 Things are harder with RDNIS and CDC ACM.
 73 
 74 RNDIS
 75 .....
 76 
 77 To make Windows select RNDIS drivers for the first function in the
 78 gadget, one needs to use the [[file:linux.inf]] file provided with this
 79 document.  It "attaches" Window's RNDIS driver to the first interface
 80 of the gadget.
 81 
 82 Please note, that while testing we encountered some issues[6] when
 83 RNDIS was not the first interface.  You do not need to worry abut it
 84 unless you are trying to develop your own gadget in which case watch
 85 out for this bug.
 86 
 87 CDC ACM
 88 .......
 89 
 90 Similarly, [[file:linux-cdc-acm.inf]] is provided for CDC ACM.
 91 
 92 Customising the gadget
 93 ......................
 94 
 95 If you intend to hack the g_multi gadget be advised that rearranging
 96 functions will obviously change interface numbers for each of the
 97 functionality.  As an effect provided INFs won't work since they have
 98 interface numbers hard-coded in them (it's not hard to change those
 99 though[7]).
100 
101 This also means, that after experimenting with g_multi and changing
102 provided functions one should change gadget's vendor and/or product ID
103 so there will be no collision with other customised gadgets or the
104 original gadget.
105 
106 Failing to comply may cause brain damage after wondering for hours why
107 things don't work as intended before realising Windows have cached
108 some drivers information (changing USB port may sometimes help plus
109 you might try using USBDeview[8] to remove the phantom device).
110 
111 INF testing
112 ...........
113 
114 Provided INF files have been tested on Windows XP SP3, Windows Vista
115 and Windows 7, all 32-bit versions.  It should work on 64-bit versions
116 as well.  It most likely won't work on Windows prior to Windows XP
117 SP2.
118 
119 Other systems
120 -------------
121 
122 At this moment, drivers for any other systems have not been tested.
123 Knowing how MacOS is based on BSD and BSD is an Open Source it is
124 believed that it should (read: "I have no idea whether it will") work
125 out-of-the-box.
126 
127 For more exotic systems I have even less to say...
128 
129 Any testing and drivers *are* *welcome*!
130 
131 Authors
132 =======
133 
134 This document has been written by Michal Nazarewicz
135 ([[mailto:mina86@mina86.com]]).  INF files have been hacked with
136 support of Marek Szyprowski ([[mailto:m.szyprowski@samsung.com]]) and
137 Xiaofan Chen ([[mailto:xiaofanc@gmail.com]]) basing on the MS RNDIS
138 template[9], Microchip's CDC ACM INF file and David Brownell's
139 ([[mailto:dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net]]) original INF files.
140 
141 Footnotes
142 =========
143 
144 [1] Remote Network Driver Interface Specification,
145 [[https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee484414.aspx]].
146 
147 [2] Communications Device Class Abstract Control Model, spec for this
148 and other USB classes can be found at
149 [[http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/]].
150 
151 [3] CDC Ethernet Control Model.
152 
153 [4] [[https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff537109(v=VS.85).aspx]]
154 
155 [5] [[https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff539234(v=VS.85).aspx]]
156 
157 [6] To put it in some other nice words, Windows failed to respond to
158 any user input.
159 
160 [7] You may find [[http://www.cygnal.org/ubb/Forum9/HTML/001050.html]]
161 useful.
162 
163 [8] https://www.nirsoft.net/utils/usb_devices_view.html
164 
165 [9] [[https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff570620.aspx]]

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