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PREAMBLE 32 33 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 34 functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to 35 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, 36 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 37 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way 38 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible 39 for modifications made by others. 40 41 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative 42 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 43 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 44 license designed for free software. 45 46 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 47 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free 48 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the 49 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; 50 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or 51 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License 52 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 53 54 55 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 56 57 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 58 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 59 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 60 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 61 work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, 62 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a 63 licensee, and is addressed as "you". 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A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". 107 108 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain 109 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML 110 or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple 111 HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of 112 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats 113 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by 114 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or 115 processing tools are not generally available, and the 116 machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word 117 processors for output purposes only. 118 119 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, 120 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material 121 this License requires to appear in the title page. 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These Warranty 136 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this 137 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 138 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has 139 no effect on the meaning of this License. 140 141 142 2. VERBATIM COPYING 143 144 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 145 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 146 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies 147 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 148 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 149 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further 150 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 151 compensation in exchange for copies. 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MODIFICATIONS 197 198 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under 199 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release 200 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified 201 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution 202 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy 203 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 204 205 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 206 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions 207 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section 208 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version 209 if the original publisher of that version gives permission. 210 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities 211 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified 212 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the 213 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), 214 unless they release you from this requirement. 215 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 216 Modified Version, as the publisher. 217 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 218 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 219 adjacent to the other copyright notices. 220 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 221 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 222 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 223 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections 224 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. 225 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. 226 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add 227 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 228 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 229 there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one 230 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 231 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 232 Version as stated in the previous sentence. 233 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 234 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise 235 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions 236 it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. 237 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at 238 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original 239 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. 240 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", 241 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all 242 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements 243 and/or dedications given therein. 244 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, 245 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers 246 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 247 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section 248 may not be included in the Modified Version. 249 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" 250 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 251 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 252 253 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 254 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 255 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 256 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 257 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 258 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 259 260 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains 261 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 262 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 263 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 264 standard. 265 266 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 267 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 268 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 269 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 270 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 271 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 272 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 273 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 274 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 275 276 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 277 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 278 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 279 280 281 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 282 283 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 284 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 285 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 286 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 287 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its 288 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 289 290 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 291 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 292 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 293 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by 294 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original 295 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. 296 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of 297 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. 298 299 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" 300 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled 301 "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", 302 and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections 303 Entitled "Endorsements". 304 305 306 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 307 308 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 309 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 310 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 311 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 312 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 313 314 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 315 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 316 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 317 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 318 319 320 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 321 322 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate 323 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 324 distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright 325 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights 326 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. 327 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not 328 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves 329 derivative works of the Document. 330 331 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 332 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of 333 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on 334 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 335 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. 336 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole 337 aggregate. 338 339 340 8. TRANSLATION 341 342 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 343 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. 344 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special 345 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include 346 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the 347 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a 348 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the 349 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include 350 the original English version of this License and the original versions 351 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between 352 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice 353 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. 354 355 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", 356 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve 357 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual 358 title. 359 360 361 9. TERMINATION 362 363 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except 364 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to 365 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will 366 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, 367 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this 368 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 369 parties remain in full compliance. 370 371 372 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 373 374 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 375 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 376 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 377 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 378 https://www.gnu.org/licenses/. 379 380 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. 381 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 382 License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of 383 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 384 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 385 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 386 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 387 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. 388 389 390 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 391 392 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 393 the License in the document and put the following copyright and 394 license notices just after the title page: 395 396 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. 397 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 398 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 399 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 400 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. 401 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU 402 Free Documentation License". 403 404 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 405 replace the "with...Texts." line with this: 406 407 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the 408 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. 409 410 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 411 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 412 situation. 413 414 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 415 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 416 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, 417 to permit their use in free software.
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