1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2 /*
3 * Percpu refcounts:
4 * (C) 2012 Google, Inc.
5 * Author: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
6 *
7 * This implements a refcount with similar semantics to atomic_t - atomic_inc(),
8 * atomic_dec_and_test() - but percpu.
9 *
10 * There's one important difference between percpu refs and normal atomic_t
11 * refcounts; you have to keep track of your initial refcount, and then when you
12 * start shutting down you call percpu_ref_kill() _before_ dropping the initial
13 * refcount.
14 *
15 * The refcount will have a range of 0 to ((1U << 31) - 1), i.e. one bit less
16 * than an atomic_t - this is because of the way shutdown works, see
17 * percpu_ref_kill()/PERCPU_COUNT_BIAS.
18 *
19 * Before you call percpu_ref_kill(), percpu_ref_put() does not check for the
20 * refcount hitting 0 - it can't, if it was in percpu mode. percpu_ref_kill()
21 * puts the ref back in single atomic_t mode, collecting the per cpu refs and
22 * issuing the appropriate barriers, and then marks the ref as shutting down so
23 * that percpu_ref_put() will check for the ref hitting 0. After it returns,
24 * it's safe to drop the initial ref.
25 *
26 * USAGE:
27 *
28 * See fs/aio.c for some example usage; it's used there for struct kioctx, which
29 * is created when userspaces calls io_setup(), and destroyed when userspace
30 * calls io_destroy() or the process exits.
31 *
32 * In the aio code, kill_ioctx() is called when we wish to destroy a kioctx; it
33 * removes the kioctx from the proccess's table of kioctxs and kills percpu_ref.
34 * After that, there can't be any new users of the kioctx (from lookup_ioctx())
35 * and it's then safe to drop the initial ref with percpu_ref_put().
36 *
37 * Note that the free path, free_ioctx(), needs to go through explicit call_rcu()
38 * to synchronize with RCU protected lookup_ioctx(). percpu_ref operations don't
39 * imply RCU grace periods of any kind and if a user wants to combine percpu_ref
40 * with RCU protection, it must be done explicitly.
41 *
42 * Code that does a two stage shutdown like this often needs some kind of
43 * explicit synchronization to ensure the initial refcount can only be dropped
44 * once - percpu_ref_kill() does this for you, it returns true once and false if
45 * someone else already called it. The aio code uses it this way, but it's not
46 * necessary if the code has some other mechanism to synchronize teardown.
47 * around.
48 */
49
50 #ifndef _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
51 #define _LINUX_PERCPU_REFCOUNT_H
52
53 #include <linux/atomic.h>
54 #include <linux/percpu.h>
55 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
56 #include <linux/types.h>
57 #include <linux/gfp.h>
58
59 struct percpu_ref;
60 typedef void (percpu_ref_func_t)(struct percpu_ref *);
61
62 /* flags set in the lower bits of percpu_ref->percpu_count_ptr */
63 enum {
64 __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC = 1LU << 0, /* operating in atomic mode */
65 __PERCPU_REF_DEAD = 1LU << 1, /* (being) killed */
66 __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD = __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC | __PERCPU_REF_DEAD,
67
68 __PERCPU_REF_FLAG_BITS = 2,
69 };
70
71 /* @flags for percpu_ref_init() */
72 enum {
73 /*
74 * Start w/ ref == 1 in atomic mode. Can be switched to percpu
75 * operation using percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(). If initialized
76 * with this flag, the ref will stay in atomic mode until
77 * percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu() is invoked on it.
78 * Implies ALLOW_REINIT.
79 */
80 PERCPU_REF_INIT_ATOMIC = 1 << 0,
81
82 /*
83 * Start dead w/ ref == 0 in atomic mode. Must be revived with
84 * percpu_ref_reinit() before used. Implies INIT_ATOMIC and
85 * ALLOW_REINIT.
86 */
87 PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD = 1 << 1,
88
89 /*
90 * Allow switching from atomic mode to percpu mode.
91 */
92 PERCPU_REF_ALLOW_REINIT = 1 << 2,
93 };
94
95 struct percpu_ref_data {
96 atomic_long_t count;
97 percpu_ref_func_t *release;
98 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_switch;
99 bool force_atomic:1;
100 bool allow_reinit:1;
101 struct rcu_head rcu;
102 struct percpu_ref *ref;
103 };
104
105 struct percpu_ref {
106 /*
107 * The low bit of the pointer indicates whether the ref is in percpu
108 * mode; if set, then get/put will manipulate the atomic_t.
109 */
110 unsigned long percpu_count_ptr;
111
112 /*
113 * 'percpu_ref' is often embedded into user structure, and only
114 * 'percpu_count_ptr' is required in fast path, move other fields
115 * into 'percpu_ref_data', so we can reduce memory footprint in
116 * fast path.
117 */
118 struct percpu_ref_data *data;
119 };
120
121 int __must_check percpu_ref_init(struct percpu_ref *ref,
122 percpu_ref_func_t *release, unsigned int flags,
123 gfp_t gfp);
124 void percpu_ref_exit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
125 void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic(struct percpu_ref *ref,
126 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_switch);
127 void percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic_sync(struct percpu_ref *ref);
128 void percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref);
129 void percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(struct percpu_ref *ref,
130 percpu_ref_func_t *confirm_kill);
131 void percpu_ref_resurrect(struct percpu_ref *ref);
132 void percpu_ref_reinit(struct percpu_ref *ref);
133 bool percpu_ref_is_zero(struct percpu_ref *ref);
134
135 /**
136 * percpu_ref_kill - drop the initial ref
137 * @ref: percpu_ref to kill
138 *
139 * Must be used to drop the initial ref on a percpu refcount; must be called
140 * precisely once before shutdown.
141 *
142 * Switches @ref into atomic mode before gathering up the percpu counters
143 * and dropping the initial ref.
144 *
145 * There are no implied RCU grace periods between kill and release.
146 */
147 static inline void percpu_ref_kill(struct percpu_ref *ref)
148 {
149 percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm(ref, NULL);
150 }
151
152 /*
153 * Internal helper. Don't use outside percpu-refcount proper. The
154 * function doesn't return the pointer and let the caller test it for NULL
155 * because doing so forces the compiler to generate two conditional
156 * branches as it can't assume that @ref->percpu_count is not NULL.
157 */
158 static inline bool __ref_is_percpu(struct percpu_ref *ref,
159 unsigned long __percpu **percpu_countp)
160 {
161 unsigned long percpu_ptr;
162
163 /*
164 * The value of @ref->percpu_count_ptr is tested for
165 * !__PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC, which may be set asynchronously, and then
166 * used as a pointer. If the compiler generates a separate fetch
167 * when using it as a pointer, __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC may be set in
168 * between contaminating the pointer value, meaning that
169 * READ_ONCE() is required when fetching it.
170 *
171 * The dependency ordering from the READ_ONCE() pairs
172 * with smp_store_release() in __percpu_ref_switch_to_percpu().
173 */
174 percpu_ptr = READ_ONCE(ref->percpu_count_ptr);
175
176 /*
177 * Theoretically, the following could test just ATOMIC; however,
178 * then we'd have to mask off DEAD separately as DEAD may be
179 * visible without ATOMIC if we race with percpu_ref_kill(). DEAD
180 * implies ATOMIC anyway. Test them together.
181 */
182 if (unlikely(percpu_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_ATOMIC_DEAD))
183 return false;
184
185 *percpu_countp = (unsigned long __percpu *)percpu_ptr;
186 return true;
187 }
188
189 /**
190 * percpu_ref_get_many - increment a percpu refcount
191 * @ref: percpu_ref to get
192 * @nr: number of references to get
193 *
194 * Analogous to atomic_long_add().
195 *
196 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
197 */
198 static inline void percpu_ref_get_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
199 {
200 unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
201
202 rcu_read_lock();
203
204 if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
205 this_cpu_add(*percpu_count, nr);
206 else
207 atomic_long_add(nr, &ref->data->count);
208
209 rcu_read_unlock();
210 }
211
212 /**
213 * percpu_ref_get - increment a percpu refcount
214 * @ref: percpu_ref to get
215 *
216 * Analogous to atomic_long_inc().
217 *
218 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
219 */
220 static inline void percpu_ref_get(struct percpu_ref *ref)
221 {
222 percpu_ref_get_many(ref, 1);
223 }
224
225 /**
226 * percpu_ref_tryget_many - try to increment a percpu refcount
227 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
228 * @nr: number of references to get
229 *
230 * Increment a percpu refcount by @nr unless its count already reached zero.
231 * Returns %true on success; %false on failure.
232 *
233 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
234 */
235 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget_many(struct percpu_ref *ref,
236 unsigned long nr)
237 {
238 unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
239 bool ret;
240
241 rcu_read_lock();
242
243 if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count)) {
244 this_cpu_add(*percpu_count, nr);
245 ret = true;
246 } else {
247 ret = atomic_long_add_unless(&ref->data->count, nr, 0);
248 }
249
250 rcu_read_unlock();
251
252 return ret;
253 }
254
255 /**
256 * percpu_ref_tryget - try to increment a percpu refcount
257 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
258 *
259 * Increment a percpu refcount unless its count already reached zero.
260 * Returns %true on success; %false on failure.
261 *
262 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
263 */
264 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget(struct percpu_ref *ref)
265 {
266 return percpu_ref_tryget_many(ref, 1);
267 }
268
269 /**
270 * percpu_ref_tryget_live_rcu - same as percpu_ref_tryget_live() but the
271 * caller is responsible for taking RCU.
272 *
273 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
274 */
275 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget_live_rcu(struct percpu_ref *ref)
276 {
277 unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
278 bool ret = false;
279
280 WARN_ON_ONCE(!rcu_read_lock_held());
281
282 if (likely(__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))) {
283 this_cpu_inc(*percpu_count);
284 ret = true;
285 } else if (!(ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD)) {
286 ret = atomic_long_inc_not_zero(&ref->data->count);
287 }
288 return ret;
289 }
290
291 /**
292 * percpu_ref_tryget_live - try to increment a live percpu refcount
293 * @ref: percpu_ref to try-get
294 *
295 * Increment a percpu refcount unless it has already been killed. Returns
296 * %true on success; %false on failure.
297 *
298 * Completion of percpu_ref_kill() in itself doesn't guarantee that this
299 * function will fail. For such guarantee, percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm()
300 * should be used. After the confirm_kill callback is invoked, it's
301 * guaranteed that no new reference will be given out by
302 * percpu_ref_tryget_live().
303 *
304 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
305 */
306 static inline bool percpu_ref_tryget_live(struct percpu_ref *ref)
307 {
308 bool ret = false;
309
310 rcu_read_lock();
311 ret = percpu_ref_tryget_live_rcu(ref);
312 rcu_read_unlock();
313 return ret;
314 }
315
316 /**
317 * percpu_ref_put_many - decrement a percpu refcount
318 * @ref: percpu_ref to put
319 * @nr: number of references to put
320 *
321 * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
322 * to percpu_ref_init())
323 *
324 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
325 */
326 static inline void percpu_ref_put_many(struct percpu_ref *ref, unsigned long nr)
327 {
328 unsigned long __percpu *percpu_count;
329
330 rcu_read_lock();
331
332 if (__ref_is_percpu(ref, &percpu_count))
333 this_cpu_sub(*percpu_count, nr);
334 else if (unlikely(atomic_long_sub_and_test(nr, &ref->data->count)))
335 ref->data->release(ref);
336
337 rcu_read_unlock();
338 }
339
340 /**
341 * percpu_ref_put - decrement a percpu refcount
342 * @ref: percpu_ref to put
343 *
344 * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, call the release function (which was passed
345 * to percpu_ref_init())
346 *
347 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit.
348 */
349 static inline void percpu_ref_put(struct percpu_ref *ref)
350 {
351 percpu_ref_put_many(ref, 1);
352 }
353
354 /**
355 * percpu_ref_is_dying - test whether a percpu refcount is dying or dead
356 * @ref: percpu_ref to test
357 *
358 * Returns %true if @ref is dying or dead.
359 *
360 * This function is safe to call as long as @ref is between init and exit
361 * and the caller is responsible for synchronizing against state changes.
362 */
363 static inline bool percpu_ref_is_dying(struct percpu_ref *ref)
364 {
365 return ref->percpu_count_ptr & __PERCPU_REF_DEAD;
366 }
367
368 #endif
369
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