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TOMOYO Linux Cross Reference
Linux/tools/testing/selftests/nolibc/nolibc-test.c

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Architecture: ~ [ i386 ] ~ [ alpha ] ~ [ m68k ] ~ [ mips ] ~ [ ppc ] ~ [ sparc ] ~ [ sparc64 ] ~

  1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
  2 
  3 #define _GNU_SOURCE
  4 #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
  5 
  6 /* libc-specific include files
  7  * The program may be built in 3 ways:
  8  *   $(CC) -nostdlib -include /path/to/nolibc.h => NOLIBC already defined
  9  *   $(CC) -nostdlib -I/path/to/nolibc/sysroot  => _NOLIBC_* guards are present
 10  *   $(CC) with default libc                    => NOLIBC* never defined
 11  */
 12 #ifndef NOLIBC
 13 #include <stdio.h>
 14 #include <stdlib.h>
 15 #include <string.h>
 16 #ifndef _NOLIBC_STDIO_H
 17 /* standard libcs need more includes */
 18 #include <sys/auxv.h>
 19 #include <sys/io.h>
 20 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 21 #include <sys/mman.h>
 22 #include <sys/mount.h>
 23 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 24 #include <sys/reboot.h>
 25 #include <sys/resource.h>
 26 #include <sys/stat.h>
 27 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 28 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 29 #include <sys/time.h>
 30 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 31 #include <sys/wait.h>
 32 #include <dirent.h>
 33 #include <errno.h>
 34 #include <fcntl.h>
 35 #include <poll.h>
 36 #include <sched.h>
 37 #include <signal.h>
 38 #include <stdarg.h>
 39 #include <stddef.h>
 40 #include <stdint.h>
 41 #include <unistd.h>
 42 #include <limits.h>
 43 #endif
 44 #endif
 45 
 46 #include "nolibc-test-linkage.h"
 47 
 48 /* for the type of int_fast16_t and int_fast32_t, musl differs from glibc and nolibc */
 49 #define SINT_MAX_OF_TYPE(type) (((type)1 << (sizeof(type) * 8 - 2)) - (type)1 + ((type)1 << (sizeof(type) * 8 - 2)))
 50 #define SINT_MIN_OF_TYPE(type) (-SINT_MAX_OF_TYPE(type) - 1)
 51 
 52 /* will be used to test initialization of environ */
 53 static char **test_envp;
 54 
 55 /* will be used to test initialization of argv */
 56 static char **test_argv;
 57 
 58 /* will be used to test initialization of argc */
 59 static int test_argc;
 60 
 61 /* will be used by some test cases as readable file, please don't write it */
 62 static const char *argv0;
 63 
 64 /* will be used by constructor tests */
 65 static int constructor_test_value;
 66 
 67 static const int is_nolibc =
 68 #ifdef NOLIBC
 69         1
 70 #else
 71         0
 72 #endif
 73 ;
 74 
 75 /* definition of a series of tests */
 76 struct test {
 77         const char *name;              /* test name */
 78         int (*func)(int min, int max); /* handler */
 79 };
 80 
 81 #ifndef _NOLIBC_STDLIB_H
 82 char *itoa(int i)
 83 {
 84         static char buf[12];
 85         int ret;
 86 
 87         ret = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", i);
 88         return (ret >= 0 && ret < sizeof(buf)) ? buf : "#err";
 89 }
 90 #endif
 91 
 92 #define CASE_ERR(err) \
 93         case err: return #err
 94 
 95 /* returns the error name (e.g. "ENOENT") for common errors, "SUCCESS" for 0,
 96  * or the decimal value for less common ones.
 97  */
 98 static const char *errorname(int err)
 99 {
100         switch (err) {
101         case 0: return "SUCCESS";
102         CASE_ERR(EPERM);
103         CASE_ERR(ENOENT);
104         CASE_ERR(ESRCH);
105         CASE_ERR(EINTR);
106         CASE_ERR(EIO);
107         CASE_ERR(ENXIO);
108         CASE_ERR(E2BIG);
109         CASE_ERR(ENOEXEC);
110         CASE_ERR(EBADF);
111         CASE_ERR(ECHILD);
112         CASE_ERR(EAGAIN);
113         CASE_ERR(ENOMEM);
114         CASE_ERR(EACCES);
115         CASE_ERR(EFAULT);
116         CASE_ERR(ENOTBLK);
117         CASE_ERR(EBUSY);
118         CASE_ERR(EEXIST);
119         CASE_ERR(EXDEV);
120         CASE_ERR(ENODEV);
121         CASE_ERR(ENOTDIR);
122         CASE_ERR(EISDIR);
123         CASE_ERR(EINVAL);
124         CASE_ERR(ENFILE);
125         CASE_ERR(EMFILE);
126         CASE_ERR(ENOTTY);
127         CASE_ERR(ETXTBSY);
128         CASE_ERR(EFBIG);
129         CASE_ERR(ENOSPC);
130         CASE_ERR(ESPIPE);
131         CASE_ERR(EROFS);
132         CASE_ERR(EMLINK);
133         CASE_ERR(EPIPE);
134         CASE_ERR(EDOM);
135         CASE_ERR(ERANGE);
136         CASE_ERR(ENOSYS);
137         CASE_ERR(EOVERFLOW);
138         default:
139                 return itoa(err);
140         }
141 }
142 
143 static void align_result(size_t llen)
144 {
145         const size_t align = 64;
146         char buf[align];
147         size_t n;
148 
149         if (llen >= align)
150                 return;
151 
152         n = align - llen;
153         memset(buf, ' ', n);
154         buf[n] = '\0';
155         fputs(buf, stdout);
156 }
157 
158 enum RESULT {
159         OK,
160         FAIL,
161         SKIPPED,
162 };
163 
164 static void result(int llen, enum RESULT r)
165 {
166         const char *msg;
167 
168         if (r == OK)
169                 msg = "  [OK]";
170         else if (r == SKIPPED)
171                 msg = "[SKIPPED]";
172         else
173                 msg = " [FAIL]";
174 
175         align_result(llen);
176         puts(msg);
177 }
178 
179 /* The tests below are intended to be used by the macroes, which evaluate
180  * expression <expr>, print the status to stdout, and update the "ret"
181  * variable to count failures. The functions themselves return the number
182  * of failures, thus either 0 or 1.
183  */
184 
185 #define EXPECT_ZR(cond, expr)                           \
186         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_zr(expr, llen); } while (0)
187 
188 static __attribute__((unused))
189 int expect_zr(int expr, int llen)
190 {
191         int ret = !(expr == 0);
192 
193         llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
194         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
195         return ret;
196 }
197 
198 
199 #define EXPECT_NZ(cond, expr, val)                      \
200         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_nz(expr, llen; } while (0)
201 
202 static __attribute__((unused))
203 int expect_nz(int expr, int llen)
204 {
205         int ret = !(expr != 0);
206 
207         llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
208         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
209         return ret;
210 }
211 
212 
213 #define EXPECT_EQ(cond, expr, val)                              \
214         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_eq(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
215 
216 static __attribute__((unused))
217 int expect_eq(uint64_t expr, int llen, uint64_t val)
218 {
219         int ret = !(expr == val);
220 
221         llen += printf(" = %lld ", (long long)expr);
222         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
223         return ret;
224 }
225 
226 
227 #define EXPECT_NE(cond, expr, val)                              \
228         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ne(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
229 
230 static __attribute__((unused))
231 int expect_ne(int expr, int llen, int val)
232 {
233         int ret = !(expr != val);
234 
235         llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
236         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
237         return ret;
238 }
239 
240 
241 #define EXPECT_GE(cond, expr, val)                              \
242         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ge(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
243 
244 static __attribute__((unused))
245 int expect_ge(int expr, int llen, int val)
246 {
247         int ret = !(expr >= val);
248 
249         llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
250         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
251         return ret;
252 }
253 
254 
255 #define EXPECT_GT(cond, expr, val)                              \
256         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_gt(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
257 
258 static __attribute__((unused))
259 int expect_gt(int expr, int llen, int val)
260 {
261         int ret = !(expr > val);
262 
263         llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
264         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
265         return ret;
266 }
267 
268 
269 #define EXPECT_LE(cond, expr, val)                              \
270         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_le(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
271 
272 static __attribute__((unused))
273 int expect_le(int expr, int llen, int val)
274 {
275         int ret = !(expr <= val);
276 
277         llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
278         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
279         return ret;
280 }
281 
282 
283 #define EXPECT_LT(cond, expr, val)                              \
284         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_lt(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
285 
286 static __attribute__((unused))
287 int expect_lt(int expr, int llen, int val)
288 {
289         int ret = !(expr < val);
290 
291         llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
292         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
293         return ret;
294 }
295 
296 
297 #define EXPECT_SYSZR(cond, expr)                                \
298         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_syszr(expr, llen); } while (0)
299 
300 static __attribute__((unused))
301 int expect_syszr(int expr, int llen)
302 {
303         int ret = 0;
304 
305         if (expr) {
306                 ret = 1;
307                 llen += printf(" = %d %s ", expr, errorname(errno));
308                 result(llen, FAIL);
309         } else {
310                 llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
311                 result(llen, OK);
312         }
313         return ret;
314 }
315 
316 
317 #define EXPECT_SYSEQ(cond, expr, val)                           \
318         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_syseq(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
319 
320 static __attribute__((unused))
321 int expect_syseq(int expr, int llen, int val)
322 {
323         int ret = 0;
324 
325         if (expr != val) {
326                 ret = 1;
327                 llen += printf(" = %d %s ", expr, errorname(errno));
328                 result(llen, FAIL);
329         } else {
330                 llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
331                 result(llen, OK);
332         }
333         return ret;
334 }
335 
336 
337 #define EXPECT_SYSNE(cond, expr, val)                           \
338         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_sysne(expr, llen, val); } while (0)
339 
340 static __attribute__((unused))
341 int expect_sysne(int expr, int llen, int val)
342 {
343         int ret = 0;
344 
345         if (expr == val) {
346                 ret = 1;
347                 llen += printf(" = %d %s ", expr, errorname(errno));
348                 result(llen, FAIL);
349         } else {
350                 llen += printf(" = %d ", expr);
351                 result(llen, OK);
352         }
353         return ret;
354 }
355 
356 
357 #define EXPECT_SYSER2(cond, expr, expret, experr1, experr2)             \
358         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_syserr2(expr, expret, experr1, experr2, llen); } while (0)
359 
360 #define EXPECT_SYSER(cond, expr, expret, experr)                        \
361         EXPECT_SYSER2(cond, expr, expret, experr, 0)
362 
363 static __attribute__((unused))
364 int expect_syserr2(int expr, int expret, int experr1, int experr2, int llen)
365 {
366         int ret = 0;
367         int _errno = errno;
368 
369         llen += printf(" = %d %s ", expr, errorname(_errno));
370         if (expr != expret || (_errno != experr1 && _errno != experr2)) {
371                 ret = 1;
372                 if (experr2 == 0)
373                         llen += printf(" != (%d %s) ", expret, errorname(experr1));
374                 else
375                         llen += printf(" != (%d %s %s) ", expret, errorname(experr1), errorname(experr2));
376                 result(llen, FAIL);
377         } else {
378                 result(llen, OK);
379         }
380         return ret;
381 }
382 
383 
384 #define EXPECT_PTRZR(cond, expr)                                \
385         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrzr(expr, llen); } while (0)
386 
387 static __attribute__((unused))
388 int expect_ptrzr(const void *expr, int llen)
389 {
390         int ret = 0;
391 
392         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
393         if (expr) {
394                 ret = 1;
395                 result(llen, FAIL);
396         } else {
397                 result(llen, OK);
398         }
399         return ret;
400 }
401 
402 
403 #define EXPECT_PTRNZ(cond, expr)                                \
404         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrnz(expr, llen); } while (0)
405 
406 static __attribute__((unused))
407 int expect_ptrnz(const void *expr, int llen)
408 {
409         int ret = 0;
410 
411         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
412         if (!expr) {
413                 ret = 1;
414                 result(llen, FAIL);
415         } else {
416                 result(llen, OK);
417         }
418         return ret;
419 }
420 
421 #define EXPECT_PTREQ(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
422         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptreq(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
423 
424 static __attribute__((unused))
425 int expect_ptreq(const void *expr, int llen, const void *cmp)
426 {
427         int ret = 0;
428 
429         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
430         if (expr != cmp) {
431                 ret = 1;
432                 result(llen, FAIL);
433         } else {
434                 result(llen, OK);
435         }
436         return ret;
437 }
438 
439 #define EXPECT_PTRNE(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
440         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrne(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
441 
442 static __attribute__((unused))
443 int expect_ptrne(const void *expr, int llen, const void *cmp)
444 {
445         int ret = 0;
446 
447         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
448         if (expr == cmp) {
449                 ret = 1;
450                 result(llen, FAIL);
451         } else {
452                 result(llen, OK);
453         }
454         return ret;
455 }
456 
457 #define EXPECT_PTRGE(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
458         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrge(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
459 
460 static __attribute__((unused))
461 int expect_ptrge(const void *expr, int llen, const void *cmp)
462 {
463         int ret = !(expr >= cmp);
464 
465         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
466         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
467         return ret;
468 }
469 
470 #define EXPECT_PTRGT(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
471         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrgt(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
472 
473 static __attribute__((unused))
474 int expect_ptrgt(const void *expr, int llen, const void *cmp)
475 {
476         int ret = !(expr > cmp);
477 
478         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
479         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
480         return ret;
481 }
482 
483 
484 #define EXPECT_PTRLE(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
485         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrle(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
486 
487 static __attribute__((unused))
488 int expect_ptrle(const void *expr, int llen, const void *cmp)
489 {
490         int ret = !(expr <= cmp);
491 
492         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
493         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
494         return ret;
495 }
496 
497 
498 #define EXPECT_PTRLT(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
499         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrlt(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
500 
501 static __attribute__((unused))
502 int expect_ptrlt(const void *expr, int llen, const void *cmp)
503 {
504         int ret = !(expr < cmp);
505 
506         llen += printf(" = <%p> ", expr);
507         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
508         return ret;
509 }
510 
511 #define EXPECT_PTRER2(cond, expr, expret, experr1, experr2)             \
512         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_ptrerr2(expr, expret, experr1, experr2, llen); } while (0)
513 
514 #define EXPECT_PTRER(cond, expr, expret, experr)                        \
515         EXPECT_PTRER2(cond, expr, expret, experr, 0)
516 
517 static __attribute__((unused))
518 int expect_ptrerr2(const void *expr, const void *expret, int experr1, int experr2, int llen)
519 {
520         int ret = 0;
521         int _errno = errno;
522 
523         llen += printf(" = <%p> %s ", expr, errorname(_errno));
524         if (expr != expret || (_errno != experr1 && _errno != experr2)) {
525                 ret = 1;
526                 if (experr2 == 0)
527                         llen += printf(" != (<%p> %s) ", expret, errorname(experr1));
528                 else
529                         llen += printf(" != (<%p> %s %s) ", expret, errorname(experr1), errorname(experr2));
530                 result(llen, FAIL);
531         } else {
532                 result(llen, OK);
533         }
534         return ret;
535 }
536 
537 #define EXPECT_STRZR(cond, expr)                                \
538         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_strzr(expr, llen); } while (0)
539 
540 static __attribute__((unused))
541 int expect_strzr(const char *expr, int llen)
542 {
543         int ret = 0;
544 
545         llen += printf(" = <%s> ", expr ? expr : "(null)");
546         if (expr) {
547                 ret = 1;
548                 result(llen, FAIL);
549         } else {
550                 result(llen, OK);
551         }
552         return ret;
553 }
554 
555 
556 #define EXPECT_STRNZ(cond, expr)                                \
557         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_strnz(expr, llen); } while (0)
558 
559 static __attribute__((unused))
560 int expect_strnz(const char *expr, int llen)
561 {
562         int ret = 0;
563 
564         llen += printf(" = <%s> ", expr ? expr : "(null)");
565         if (!expr) {
566                 ret = 1;
567                 result(llen, FAIL);
568         } else {
569                 result(llen, OK);
570         }
571         return ret;
572 }
573 
574 
575 #define EXPECT_STREQ(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
576         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_streq(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
577 
578 static __attribute__((unused))
579 int expect_streq(const char *expr, int llen, const char *cmp)
580 {
581         int ret = 0;
582 
583         llen += printf(" = <%s> ", expr);
584         if (strcmp(expr, cmp) != 0) {
585                 ret = 1;
586                 result(llen, FAIL);
587         } else {
588                 result(llen, OK);
589         }
590         return ret;
591 }
592 
593 
594 #define EXPECT_STRNE(cond, expr, cmp)                           \
595         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_strne(expr, llen, cmp); } while (0)
596 
597 static __attribute__((unused))
598 int expect_strne(const char *expr, int llen, const char *cmp)
599 {
600         int ret = 0;
601 
602         llen += printf(" = <%s> ", expr);
603         if (strcmp(expr, cmp) == 0) {
604                 ret = 1;
605                 result(llen, FAIL);
606         } else {
607                 result(llen, OK);
608         }
609         return ret;
610 }
611 
612 #define EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(cond, expr, buf, val, cmp)                              \
613         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_str_buf_eq(expr, buf, val, llen, cmp); } while (0)
614 
615 static __attribute__((unused))
616 int expect_str_buf_eq(size_t expr, const char *buf, size_t val, int llen, const char *cmp)
617 {
618         llen += printf(" = %lu <%s> ", (unsigned long)expr, buf);
619         if (strcmp(buf, cmp) != 0) {
620                 result(llen, FAIL);
621                 return 1;
622         }
623         if (expr != val) {
624                 result(llen, FAIL);
625                 return 1;
626         }
627 
628         result(llen, OK);
629         return 0;
630 }
631 
632 #define EXPECT_STRTOX(cond, func, input, base, expected, chars, expected_errno)                         \
633         do { if (!(cond)) result(llen, SKIPPED); else ret += expect_strtox(llen, func, input, base, expected, chars, expected_errno); } while (0)
634 
635 static __attribute__((unused))
636 int expect_strtox(int llen, void *func, const char *input, int base, intmax_t expected, int expected_chars, int expected_errno)
637 {
638         char *endptr;
639         int actual_errno, actual_chars;
640         intmax_t r;
641 
642         errno = 0;
643         if (func == strtol) {
644                 r = strtol(input, &endptr, base);
645         } else if (func == strtoul) {
646                 r = strtoul(input, &endptr, base);
647         } else {
648                 result(llen, FAIL);
649                 return 1;
650         }
651         actual_errno = errno;
652         actual_chars = endptr - input;
653 
654         llen += printf(" %lld = %lld", (long long)expected, (long long)r);
655         if (r != expected) {
656                 result(llen, FAIL);
657                 return 1;
658         }
659         if (expected_chars == -1) {
660                 if (*endptr != '\0') {
661                         result(llen, FAIL);
662                         return 1;
663                 }
664         } else if (expected_chars != actual_chars) {
665                 result(llen, FAIL);
666                 return 1;
667         }
668         if (actual_errno != expected_errno) {
669                 result(llen, FAIL);
670                 return 1;
671         }
672 
673         result(llen, OK);
674         return 0;
675 }
676 
677 /* declare tests based on line numbers. There must be exactly one test per line. */
678 #define CASE_TEST(name) \
679         case __LINE__: llen += printf("%d %s", test, #name);
680 
681 /* constructors validate that they are executed in definition order */
682 __attribute__((constructor))
683 static void constructor1(void)
684 {
685         constructor_test_value = 1;
686 }
687 
688 __attribute__((constructor))
689 static void constructor2(void)
690 {
691         constructor_test_value *= 2;
692 }
693 
694 int run_startup(int min, int max)
695 {
696         int test;
697         int ret = 0;
698         /* kernel at least passes HOME and TERM, shell passes more */
699         int env_total = 2;
700         /* checking NULL for argv/argv0, environ and _auxv is not enough, let's compare with sbrk(0) or &end */
701         extern char end;
702         char *brk = sbrk(0) != (void *)-1 ? sbrk(0) : &end;
703         /* differ from nolibc, both glibc and musl have no global _auxv */
704         const unsigned long *test_auxv = (void *)-1;
705 #ifdef NOLIBC
706         test_auxv = _auxv;
707 #endif
708 
709         for (test = min; test >= 0 && test <= max; test++) {
710                 int llen = 0; /* line length */
711 
712                 /* avoid leaving empty lines below, this will insert holes into
713                  * test numbers.
714                  */
715                 switch (test + __LINE__ + 1) {
716                 CASE_TEST(argc);             EXPECT_GE(1, test_argc, 1); break;
717                 CASE_TEST(argv_addr);        EXPECT_PTRGT(1, test_argv, brk); break;
718                 CASE_TEST(argv_environ);     EXPECT_PTRLT(1, test_argv, environ); break;
719                 CASE_TEST(argv_total);       EXPECT_EQ(1, environ - test_argv - 1, test_argc ?: 1); break;
720                 CASE_TEST(argv0_addr);       EXPECT_PTRGT(1, argv0, brk); break;
721                 CASE_TEST(argv0_str);        EXPECT_STRNZ(1, argv0 > brk ? argv0 : NULL); break;
722                 CASE_TEST(argv0_len);        EXPECT_GE(1,  argv0 > brk ? strlen(argv0) : 0, 1); break;
723                 CASE_TEST(environ_addr);     EXPECT_PTRGT(1, environ, brk); break;
724                 CASE_TEST(environ_envp);     EXPECT_PTREQ(1, environ, test_envp); break;
725                 CASE_TEST(environ_auxv);     EXPECT_PTRLT(test_auxv != (void *)-1, environ, test_auxv); break;
726                 CASE_TEST(environ_total);    EXPECT_GE(test_auxv != (void *)-1, (void *)test_auxv - (void *)environ - 1, env_total); break;
727                 CASE_TEST(environ_HOME);     EXPECT_PTRNZ(1, getenv("HOME")); break;
728                 CASE_TEST(auxv_addr);        EXPECT_PTRGT(test_auxv != (void *)-1, test_auxv, brk); break;
729                 CASE_TEST(auxv_AT_UID);      EXPECT_EQ(1, getauxval(AT_UID), getuid()); break;
730                 CASE_TEST(constructor);      EXPECT_EQ(1, constructor_test_value, 2); break;
731                 CASE_TEST(linkage_errno);    EXPECT_PTREQ(1, linkage_test_errno_addr(), &errno); break;
732                 CASE_TEST(linkage_constr);   EXPECT_EQ(1, linkage_test_constructor_test_value, 6); break;
733                 case __LINE__:
734                         return ret; /* must be last */
735                 /* note: do not set any defaults so as to permit holes above */
736                 }
737         }
738         return ret;
739 }
740 
741 
742 /* used by some syscall tests below */
743 int test_getdents64(const char *dir)
744 {
745         char buffer[4096];
746         int fd, ret;
747         int err;
748 
749         ret = fd = open(dir, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY, 0);
750         if (ret < 0)
751                 return ret;
752 
753         ret = getdents64(fd, (void *)buffer, sizeof(buffer));
754         err = errno;
755         close(fd);
756 
757         errno = err;
758         return ret;
759 }
760 
761 int test_getpagesize(void)
762 {
763         int x = getpagesize();
764         int c;
765 
766         if (x < 0)
767                 return x;
768 
769 #if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__i386__) || defined(__i486__) || defined(__i586__) || defined(__i686__)
770         /*
771          * x86 family is always 4K page.
772          */
773         c = (x == 4096);
774 #elif defined(__aarch64__)
775         /*
776          * Linux aarch64 supports three values of page size: 4K, 16K, and 64K
777          * which are selected at kernel compilation time.
778          */
779         c = (x == 4096 || x == (16 * 1024) || x == (64 * 1024));
780 #else
781         /*
782          * Assuming other architectures must have at least 4K page.
783          */
784         c = (x >= 4096);
785 #endif
786 
787         return !c;
788 }
789 
790 int test_fork(void)
791 {
792         int status;
793         pid_t pid;
794 
795         /* flush the printf buffer to avoid child flush it */
796         fflush(stdout);
797         fflush(stderr);
798 
799         pid = fork();
800 
801         switch (pid) {
802         case -1:
803                 return 1;
804 
805         case 0:
806                 exit(123);
807 
808         default:
809                 pid = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
810 
811                 return pid == -1 || !WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 123;
812         }
813 }
814 
815 int test_stat_timestamps(void)
816 {
817         struct stat st;
818 
819         if (sizeof(st.st_atim.tv_sec) != sizeof(st.st_atime))
820                 return 1;
821 
822         if (stat("/proc/self/", &st) && stat(argv0, &st) && stat("/", &st))
823                 return 1;
824 
825         if (st.st_atim.tv_sec != st.st_atime || st.st_atim.tv_nsec > 1000000000)
826                 return 1;
827 
828         if (st.st_mtim.tv_sec != st.st_mtime || st.st_mtim.tv_nsec > 1000000000)
829                 return 1;
830 
831         if (st.st_ctim.tv_sec != st.st_ctime || st.st_ctim.tv_nsec > 1000000000)
832                 return 1;
833 
834         return 0;
835 }
836 
837 int test_uname(void)
838 {
839         struct utsname buf;
840         char osrelease[sizeof(buf.release)];
841         ssize_t r;
842         int fd;
843 
844         memset(&buf.domainname, 'P', sizeof(buf.domainname));
845 
846         if (uname(&buf))
847                 return 1;
848 
849         if (strncmp("Linux", buf.sysname, sizeof(buf.sysname)))
850                 return 1;
851 
852         fd = open("/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease", O_RDONLY);
853         if (fd == -1)
854                 return 1;
855 
856         r = read(fd, osrelease, sizeof(osrelease));
857         if (r == -1)
858                 return 1;
859 
860         close(fd);
861 
862         if (osrelease[r - 1] == '\n')
863                 r--;
864 
865         /* Validate one of the later fields to ensure field sizes are correct */
866         if (strncmp(osrelease, buf.release, r))
867                 return 1;
868 
869         /* Ensure the field domainname is set, it is missing from struct old_utsname */
870         if (strnlen(buf.domainname, sizeof(buf.domainname)) == sizeof(buf.domainname))
871                 return 1;
872 
873         return 0;
874 }
875 
876 int test_mmap_munmap(void)
877 {
878         int ret, fd, i, page_size;
879         void *mem;
880         size_t file_size, length;
881         off_t offset, pa_offset;
882         struct stat stat_buf;
883         const char * const files[] = {
884                 "/dev/zero",
885                 "/proc/1/exe", "/proc/self/exe",
886                 argv0,
887                 NULL
888         };
889 
890         page_size = getpagesize();
891         if (page_size < 0)
892                 return 1;
893 
894         /* find a right file to mmap, existed and accessible */
895         for (i = 0; files[i] != NULL; i++) {
896                 ret = fd = open(files[i], O_RDONLY);
897                 if (ret == -1)
898                         continue;
899                 else
900                         break;
901         }
902         if (ret == -1)
903                 return 1;
904 
905         ret = stat(files[i], &stat_buf);
906         if (ret == -1)
907                 goto end;
908 
909         /* file size of the special /dev/zero is 0, let's assign one manually */
910         if (i == 0)
911                 file_size = 3*page_size;
912         else
913                 file_size = stat_buf.st_size;
914 
915         offset = file_size - 1;
916         if (offset < 0)
917                 offset = 0;
918         length = file_size - offset;
919         pa_offset = offset & ~(page_size - 1);
920 
921         mem = mmap(NULL, length + offset - pa_offset, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, pa_offset);
922         if (mem == MAP_FAILED) {
923                 ret = 1;
924                 goto end;
925         }
926 
927         ret = munmap(mem, length + offset - pa_offset);
928 
929 end:
930         close(fd);
931         return !!ret;
932 }
933 
934 int test_pipe(void)
935 {
936         const char *const msg = "hello, nolibc";
937         int pipefd[2];
938         char buf[32];
939         size_t len;
940 
941         if (pipe(pipefd) == -1)
942                 return 1;
943 
944         write(pipefd[1], msg, strlen(msg));
945         close(pipefd[1]);
946         len = read(pipefd[0], buf, sizeof(buf));
947         close(pipefd[0]);
948 
949         if (len != strlen(msg))
950                 return 1;
951 
952         return !!memcmp(buf, msg, len);
953 }
954 
955 int test_rlimit(void)
956 {
957         struct rlimit rlim = {
958                 .rlim_cur = 1 << 20,
959                 .rlim_max = 1 << 21,
960         };
961         int ret;
962 
963         ret = setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);
964         if (ret)
965                 return -1;
966 
967         rlim.rlim_cur = 0;
968         rlim.rlim_max = 0;
969 
970         ret = getrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlim);
971         if (ret)
972                 return -1;
973 
974         if (rlim.rlim_cur != 1 << 20)
975                 return -1;
976         if (rlim.rlim_max != 1 << 21)
977                 return -1;
978 
979         return 0;
980 }
981 
982 
983 /* Run syscall tests between IDs <min> and <max>.
984  * Return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
985  */
986 int run_syscall(int min, int max)
987 {
988         struct timeval tv;
989         struct timezone tz;
990         struct stat stat_buf;
991         int euid0;
992         int proc;
993         int test;
994         int tmp;
995         int ret = 0;
996         void *p1, *p2;
997         int has_gettid = 1;
998         int has_brk;
999 
1000         /* <proc> indicates whether or not /proc is mounted */
1001         proc = stat("/proc", &stat_buf) == 0;
1002 
1003         /* this will be used to skip certain tests that can't be run unprivileged */
1004         euid0 = geteuid() == 0;
1005 
1006         /* from 2.30, glibc provides gettid() */
1007 #if defined(__GLIBC_MINOR__) && defined(__GLIBC__)
1008         has_gettid = __GLIBC__ > 2 || (__GLIBC__ == 2 && __GLIBC_MINOR__ >= 30);
1009 #endif
1010 
1011         /* on musl setting brk()/sbrk() always fails */
1012         has_brk = brk(0) == 0;
1013 
1014         for (test = min; test >= 0 && test <= max; test++) {
1015                 int llen = 0; /* line length */
1016 
1017                 /* avoid leaving empty lines below, this will insert holes into
1018                  * test numbers.
1019                  */
1020                 switch (test + __LINE__ + 1) {
1021                 CASE_TEST(getpid);            EXPECT_SYSNE(1, getpid(), -1); break;
1022                 CASE_TEST(getppid);           EXPECT_SYSNE(1, getppid(), -1); break;
1023                 CASE_TEST(gettid);            EXPECT_SYSNE(has_gettid, gettid(), -1); break;
1024                 CASE_TEST(getpgid_self);      EXPECT_SYSNE(1, getpgid(0), -1); break;
1025                 CASE_TEST(getpgid_bad);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, getpgid(-1), -1, ESRCH); break;
1026                 CASE_TEST(kill_0);            EXPECT_SYSZR(1, kill(getpid(), 0)); break;
1027                 CASE_TEST(kill_CONT);         EXPECT_SYSZR(1, kill(getpid(), 0)); break;
1028                 CASE_TEST(kill_BADPID);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, kill(INT_MAX, 0), -1, ESRCH); break;
1029                 CASE_TEST(sbrk_0);            EXPECT_PTRNE(has_brk, sbrk(0), (void *)-1); break;
1030                 CASE_TEST(sbrk);              if ((p1 = p2 = sbrk(4096)) != (void *)-1) p2 = sbrk(-4096); EXPECT_SYSZR(has_brk, (p2 == (void *)-1) || p2 == p1); break;
1031                 CASE_TEST(brk);               EXPECT_SYSZR(has_brk, brk(sbrk(0))); break;
1032                 CASE_TEST(chdir_root);        EXPECT_SYSZR(1, chdir("/")); chdir(getenv("PWD")); break;
1033                 CASE_TEST(chdir_dot);         EXPECT_SYSZR(1, chdir(".")); break;
1034                 CASE_TEST(chdir_blah);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, chdir("/blah"), -1, ENOENT); break;
1035                 CASE_TEST(chmod_argv0);       EXPECT_SYSZR(1, chmod(argv0, 0555)); break;
1036                 CASE_TEST(chmod_self);        EXPECT_SYSER(proc, chmod("/proc/self", 0555), -1, EPERM); break;
1037                 CASE_TEST(chown_self);        EXPECT_SYSER(proc, chown("/proc/self", 0, 0), -1, EPERM); break;
1038                 CASE_TEST(chroot_root);       EXPECT_SYSZR(euid0, chroot("/")); break;
1039                 CASE_TEST(chroot_blah);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, chroot("/proc/self/blah"), -1, ENOENT); break;
1040                 CASE_TEST(chroot_exe);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, chroot(argv0), -1, ENOTDIR); break;
1041                 CASE_TEST(close_m1);          EXPECT_SYSER(1, close(-1), -1, EBADF); break;
1042                 CASE_TEST(close_dup);         EXPECT_SYSZR(1, close(dup(0))); break;
1043                 CASE_TEST(dup_0);             tmp = dup(0);  EXPECT_SYSNE(1, tmp, -1); close(tmp); break;
1044                 CASE_TEST(dup_m1);            tmp = dup(-1); EXPECT_SYSER(1, tmp, -1, EBADF); if (tmp != -1) close(tmp); break;
1045                 CASE_TEST(dup2_0);            tmp = dup2(0, 100);  EXPECT_SYSNE(1, tmp, -1); close(tmp); break;
1046                 CASE_TEST(dup2_m1);           tmp = dup2(-1, 100); EXPECT_SYSER(1, tmp, -1, EBADF); if (tmp != -1) close(tmp); break;
1047                 CASE_TEST(dup3_0);            tmp = dup3(0, 100, 0);  EXPECT_SYSNE(1, tmp, -1); close(tmp); break;
1048                 CASE_TEST(dup3_m1);           tmp = dup3(-1, 100, 0); EXPECT_SYSER(1, tmp, -1, EBADF); if (tmp != -1) close(tmp); break;
1049                 CASE_TEST(execve_root);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, execve("/", (char*[]){ [0] = "/", [1] = NULL }, NULL), -1, EACCES); break;
1050                 CASE_TEST(fork);              EXPECT_SYSZR(1, test_fork()); break;
1051                 CASE_TEST(getdents64_root);   EXPECT_SYSNE(1, test_getdents64("/"), -1); break;
1052                 CASE_TEST(getdents64_null);   EXPECT_SYSER(1, test_getdents64("/dev/null"), -1, ENOTDIR); break;
1053                 CASE_TEST(gettimeofday_tv);   EXPECT_SYSZR(1, gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)); break;
1054                 CASE_TEST(gettimeofday_tv_tz);EXPECT_SYSZR(1, gettimeofday(&tv, &tz)); break;
1055                 CASE_TEST(getpagesize);       EXPECT_SYSZR(1, test_getpagesize()); break;
1056                 CASE_TEST(ioctl_tiocinq);     EXPECT_SYSZR(1, ioctl(0, TIOCINQ, &tmp)); break;
1057                 CASE_TEST(link_root1);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, link("/", "/"), -1, EEXIST); break;
1058                 CASE_TEST(link_blah);         EXPECT_SYSER(1, link("/proc/self/blah", "/blah"), -1, ENOENT); break;
1059                 CASE_TEST(link_dir);          EXPECT_SYSER(euid0, link("/", "/blah"), -1, EPERM); break;
1060                 CASE_TEST(link_cross);        EXPECT_SYSER(proc, link("/proc/self/cmdline", "/blah"), -1, EXDEV); break;
1061                 CASE_TEST(lseek_m1);          EXPECT_SYSER(1, lseek(-1, 0, SEEK_SET), -1, EBADF); break;
1062                 CASE_TEST(lseek_0);           EXPECT_SYSER(1, lseek(0, 0, SEEK_SET), -1, ESPIPE); break;
1063                 CASE_TEST(mkdir_root);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, mkdir("/", 0755), -1, EEXIST); break;
1064                 CASE_TEST(mmap_bad);          EXPECT_PTRER(1, mmap(NULL, 0, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 0, 0), MAP_FAILED, EINVAL); break;
1065                 CASE_TEST(munmap_bad);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, munmap(NULL, 0), -1, EINVAL); break;
1066                 CASE_TEST(mmap_munmap_good);  EXPECT_SYSZR(1, test_mmap_munmap()); break;
1067                 CASE_TEST(open_tty);          EXPECT_SYSNE(1, tmp = open("/dev/null", 0), -1); if (tmp != -1) close(tmp); break;
1068                 CASE_TEST(open_blah);         EXPECT_SYSER(1, tmp = open("/proc/self/blah", 0), -1, ENOENT); if (tmp != -1) close(tmp); break;
1069                 CASE_TEST(pipe);              EXPECT_SYSZR(1, test_pipe()); break;
1070                 CASE_TEST(poll_null);         EXPECT_SYSZR(1, poll(NULL, 0, 0)); break;
1071                 CASE_TEST(poll_stdout);       EXPECT_SYSNE(1, ({ struct pollfd fds = { 1, POLLOUT, 0}; poll(&fds, 1, 0); }), -1); break;
1072                 CASE_TEST(poll_fault);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, poll(NULL, 1, 0), -1, EFAULT); break;
1073                 CASE_TEST(prctl);             EXPECT_SYSER(1, prctl(PR_SET_NAME, (unsigned long)NULL, 0, 0, 0), -1, EFAULT); break;
1074                 CASE_TEST(read_badf);         EXPECT_SYSER(1, read(-1, &tmp, 1), -1, EBADF); break;
1075                 CASE_TEST(rlimit);            EXPECT_SYSZR(1, test_rlimit()); break;
1076                 CASE_TEST(rmdir_blah);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, rmdir("/blah"), -1, ENOENT); break;
1077                 CASE_TEST(sched_yield);       EXPECT_SYSZR(1, sched_yield()); break;
1078                 CASE_TEST(select_null);       EXPECT_SYSZR(1, ({ struct timeval tv = { 0 }; select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv); })); break;
1079                 CASE_TEST(select_stdout);     EXPECT_SYSNE(1, ({ fd_set fds; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(1, &fds); select(2, NULL, &fds, NULL, NULL); }), -1); break;
1080                 CASE_TEST(select_fault);      EXPECT_SYSER(1, select(1, (void *)1, NULL, NULL, 0), -1, EFAULT); break;
1081                 CASE_TEST(stat_blah);         EXPECT_SYSER(1, stat("/proc/self/blah", &stat_buf), -1, ENOENT); break;
1082                 CASE_TEST(stat_fault);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, stat(NULL, &stat_buf), -1, EFAULT); break;
1083                 CASE_TEST(stat_timestamps);   EXPECT_SYSZR(1, test_stat_timestamps()); break;
1084                 CASE_TEST(symlink_root);      EXPECT_SYSER(1, symlink("/", "/"), -1, EEXIST); break;
1085                 CASE_TEST(uname);             EXPECT_SYSZR(proc, test_uname()); break;
1086                 CASE_TEST(uname_fault);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, uname(NULL), -1, EFAULT); break;
1087                 CASE_TEST(unlink_root);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, unlink("/"), -1, EISDIR); break;
1088                 CASE_TEST(unlink_blah);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, unlink("/proc/self/blah"), -1, ENOENT); break;
1089                 CASE_TEST(wait_child);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, wait(&tmp), -1, ECHILD); break;
1090                 CASE_TEST(waitpid_min);       EXPECT_SYSER(1, waitpid(INT_MIN, &tmp, WNOHANG), -1, ESRCH); break;
1091                 CASE_TEST(waitpid_child);     EXPECT_SYSER(1, waitpid(getpid(), &tmp, WNOHANG), -1, ECHILD); break;
1092                 CASE_TEST(write_badf);        EXPECT_SYSER(1, write(-1, &tmp, 1), -1, EBADF); break;
1093                 CASE_TEST(write_zero);        EXPECT_SYSZR(1, write(1, &tmp, 0)); break;
1094                 CASE_TEST(syscall_noargs);    EXPECT_SYSEQ(1, syscall(__NR_getpid), getpid()); break;
1095                 CASE_TEST(syscall_args);      EXPECT_SYSER(1, syscall(__NR_statx, 0, NULL, 0, 0, NULL), -1, EFAULT); break;
1096                 case __LINE__:
1097                         return ret; /* must be last */
1098                 /* note: do not set any defaults so as to permit holes above */
1099                 }
1100         }
1101         return ret;
1102 }
1103 
1104 int run_stdlib(int min, int max)
1105 {
1106         int test;
1107         int ret = 0;
1108 
1109         for (test = min; test >= 0 && test <= max; test++) {
1110                 int llen = 0; /* line length */
1111 
1112                 /* For functions that take a long buffer, like strlcat()
1113                  * Add some more chars after the \0, to test functions that overwrite the buffer set
1114                  * the \0 at the exact right position.
1115                  */
1116                 char buf[10] = "test123456";
1117                 buf[4] = '\0';
1118 
1119 
1120                 /* avoid leaving empty lines below, this will insert holes into
1121                  * test numbers.
1122                  */
1123                 switch (test + __LINE__ + 1) {
1124                 CASE_TEST(getenv_TERM);        EXPECT_STRNZ(1, getenv("TERM")); break;
1125                 CASE_TEST(getenv_blah);        EXPECT_STRZR(1, getenv("blah")); break;
1126                 CASE_TEST(setcmp_blah_blah);   EXPECT_EQ(1, strcmp("blah", "blah"), 0); break;
1127                 CASE_TEST(setcmp_blah_blah2);  EXPECT_NE(1, strcmp("blah", "blah2"), 0); break;
1128                 CASE_TEST(setncmp_blah_blah);  EXPECT_EQ(1, strncmp("blah", "blah", 10), 0); break;
1129                 CASE_TEST(setncmp_blah_blah4); EXPECT_EQ(1, strncmp("blah", "blah4", 4), 0); break;
1130                 CASE_TEST(setncmp_blah_blah5); EXPECT_NE(1, strncmp("blah", "blah5", 5), 0); break;
1131                 CASE_TEST(setncmp_blah_blah6); EXPECT_NE(1, strncmp("blah", "blah6", 6), 0); break;
1132                 CASE_TEST(strchr_foobar_o);    EXPECT_STREQ(1, strchr("foobar", 'o'), "oobar"); break;
1133                 CASE_TEST(strchr_foobar_z);    EXPECT_STRZR(1, strchr("foobar", 'z')); break;
1134                 CASE_TEST(strrchr_foobar_o);   EXPECT_STREQ(1, strrchr("foobar", 'o'), "obar"); break;
1135                 CASE_TEST(strrchr_foobar_z);   EXPECT_STRZR(1, strrchr("foobar", 'z')); break;
1136                 CASE_TEST(strlcat_0);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcat(buf, "bar", 0), buf, 3, "test"); break;
1137                 CASE_TEST(strlcat_1);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcat(buf, "bar", 1), buf, 4, "test"); break;
1138                 CASE_TEST(strlcat_5);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcat(buf, "bar", 5), buf, 7, "test"); break;
1139                 CASE_TEST(strlcat_6);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcat(buf, "bar", 6), buf, 7, "testb"); break;
1140                 CASE_TEST(strlcat_7);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcat(buf, "bar", 7), buf, 7, "testba"); break;
1141                 CASE_TEST(strlcat_8);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcat(buf, "bar", 8), buf, 7, "testbar"); break;
1142                 CASE_TEST(strlcpy_0);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcpy(buf, "bar", 0), buf, 3, "test"); break;
1143                 CASE_TEST(strlcpy_1);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcpy(buf, "bar", 1), buf, 3, ""); break;
1144                 CASE_TEST(strlcpy_2);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcpy(buf, "bar", 2), buf, 3, "b"); break;
1145                 CASE_TEST(strlcpy_3);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcpy(buf, "bar", 3), buf, 3, "ba"); break;
1146                 CASE_TEST(strlcpy_4);          EXPECT_STRBUFEQ(is_nolibc, strlcpy(buf, "bar", 4), buf, 3, "bar"); break;
1147                 CASE_TEST(memcmp_20_20);       EXPECT_EQ(1, memcmp("aaa\x20", "aaa\x20", 4), 0); break;
1148                 CASE_TEST(memcmp_20_60);       EXPECT_LT(1, memcmp("aaa\x20", "aaa\x60", 4), 0); break;
1149                 CASE_TEST(memcmp_60_20);       EXPECT_GT(1, memcmp("aaa\x60", "aaa\x20", 4), 0); break;
1150                 CASE_TEST(memcmp_20_e0);       EXPECT_LT(1, memcmp("aaa\x20", "aaa\xe0", 4), 0); break;
1151                 CASE_TEST(memcmp_e0_20);       EXPECT_GT(1, memcmp("aaa\xe0", "aaa\x20", 4), 0); break;
1152                 CASE_TEST(memcmp_80_e0);       EXPECT_LT(1, memcmp("aaa\x80", "aaa\xe0", 4), 0); break;
1153                 CASE_TEST(memcmp_e0_80);       EXPECT_GT(1, memcmp("aaa\xe0", "aaa\x80", 4), 0); break;
1154                 CASE_TEST(limit_int8_max);          EXPECT_EQ(1, INT8_MAX,         (int8_t)          0x7f); break;
1155                 CASE_TEST(limit_int8_min);          EXPECT_EQ(1, INT8_MIN,         (int8_t)          0x80); break;
1156                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint8_max);         EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT8_MAX,        (uint8_t)         0xff); break;
1157                 CASE_TEST(limit_int16_max);         EXPECT_EQ(1, INT16_MAX,        (int16_t)         0x7fff); break;
1158                 CASE_TEST(limit_int16_min);         EXPECT_EQ(1, INT16_MIN,        (int16_t)         0x8000); break;
1159                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint16_max);        EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT16_MAX,       (uint16_t)        0xffff); break;
1160                 CASE_TEST(limit_int32_max);         EXPECT_EQ(1, INT32_MAX,        (int32_t)         0x7fffffff); break;
1161                 CASE_TEST(limit_int32_min);         EXPECT_EQ(1, INT32_MIN,        (int32_t)         0x80000000); break;
1162                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint32_max);        EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT32_MAX,       (uint32_t)        0xffffffff); break;
1163                 CASE_TEST(limit_int64_max);         EXPECT_EQ(1, INT64_MAX,        (int64_t)         0x7fffffffffffffff); break;
1164                 CASE_TEST(limit_int64_min);         EXPECT_EQ(1, INT64_MIN,        (int64_t)         0x8000000000000000); break;
1165                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint64_max);        EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT64_MAX,       (uint64_t)        0xffffffffffffffff); break;
1166                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least8_max);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST8_MAX,   (int_least8_t)    0x7f); break;
1167                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least8_min);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST8_MIN,   (int_least8_t)    0x80); break;
1168                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_least8_max);   EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_LEAST8_MAX,  (uint_least8_t)   0xff); break;
1169                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least16_max);   EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST16_MAX,  (int_least16_t)   0x7fff); break;
1170                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least16_min);   EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST16_MIN,  (int_least16_t)   0x8000); break;
1171                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_least16_max);  EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_LEAST16_MAX, (uint_least16_t)  0xffff); break;
1172                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least32_max);   EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST32_MAX,  (int_least32_t)   0x7fffffff); break;
1173                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least32_min);   EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST32_MIN,  (int_least32_t)   0x80000000); break;
1174                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_least32_max);  EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_LEAST32_MAX, (uint_least32_t)  0xffffffffU); break;
1175                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least64_min);   EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST64_MIN,  (int_least64_t)   0x8000000000000000LL); break;
1176                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_least64_max);   EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_LEAST64_MAX,  (int_least64_t)   0x7fffffffffffffffLL); break;
1177                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_least64_max);  EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_LEAST64_MAX, (uint_least64_t)  0xffffffffffffffffULL); break;
1178                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast8_max);     EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST8_MAX,    (int_fast8_t)     0x7f); break;
1179                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast8_min);     EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST8_MIN,    (int_fast8_t)     0x80); break;
1180                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_fast8_max);    EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_FAST8_MAX,   (uint_fast8_t)    0xff); break;
1181                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast16_min);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST16_MIN,   (int_fast16_t)    SINT_MIN_OF_TYPE(int_fast16_t)); break;
1182                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast16_max);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST16_MAX,   (int_fast16_t)    SINT_MAX_OF_TYPE(int_fast16_t)); break;
1183                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_fast16_max);   EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_FAST16_MAX,  (uint_fast16_t)   UINTPTR_MAX); break;
1184                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast32_min);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST32_MIN,   (int_fast32_t)    SINT_MIN_OF_TYPE(int_fast32_t)); break;
1185                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast32_max);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST32_MAX,   (int_fast32_t)    SINT_MAX_OF_TYPE(int_fast32_t)); break;
1186                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_fast32_max);   EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_FAST32_MAX,  (uint_fast32_t)   UINTPTR_MAX); break;
1187                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast64_min);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST64_MIN,   (int_fast64_t)    INT64_MIN); break;
1188                 CASE_TEST(limit_int_fast64_max);    EXPECT_EQ(1, INT_FAST64_MAX,   (int_fast64_t)    INT64_MAX); break;
1189                 CASE_TEST(limit_uint_fast64_max);   EXPECT_EQ(1, UINT_FAST64_MAX,  (uint_fast64_t)   UINT64_MAX); break;
1190                 CASE_TEST(sizeof_long_sane);        EXPECT_EQ(1, sizeof(long) == 8 || sizeof(long) == 4, 1); break;
1191                 CASE_TEST(limit_intptr_min);        EXPECT_EQ(1, INTPTR_MIN,  sizeof(long) == 8 ? (intptr_t)  0x8000000000000000LL  : (intptr_t)  0x80000000); break;
1192                 CASE_TEST(limit_intptr_max);        EXPECT_EQ(1, INTPTR_MAX,  sizeof(long) == 8 ? (intptr_t)  0x7fffffffffffffffLL  : (intptr_t)  0x7fffffff); break;
1193                 CASE_TEST(limit_uintptr_max);       EXPECT_EQ(1, UINTPTR_MAX, sizeof(long) == 8 ? (uintptr_t) 0xffffffffffffffffULL : (uintptr_t) 0xffffffffU); break;
1194                 CASE_TEST(limit_ptrdiff_min);       EXPECT_EQ(1, PTRDIFF_MIN, sizeof(long) == 8 ? (ptrdiff_t) 0x8000000000000000LL  : (ptrdiff_t) 0x80000000); break;
1195                 CASE_TEST(limit_ptrdiff_max);       EXPECT_EQ(1, PTRDIFF_MAX, sizeof(long) == 8 ? (ptrdiff_t) 0x7fffffffffffffffLL  : (ptrdiff_t) 0x7fffffff); break;
1196                 CASE_TEST(limit_size_max);          EXPECT_EQ(1, SIZE_MAX,    sizeof(long) == 8 ? (size_t)    0xffffffffffffffffULL : (size_t)    0xffffffffU); break;
1197                 CASE_TEST(strtol_simple);           EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "35", 10, 35, -1, 0); break;
1198                 CASE_TEST(strtol_positive);         EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "+35", 10, 35, -1, 0); break;
1199                 CASE_TEST(strtol_negative);         EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "-35", 10, -35, -1, 0); break;
1200                 CASE_TEST(strtol_hex_auto);         EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "0xFF", 0, 255, -1, 0); break;
1201                 CASE_TEST(strtol_base36);           EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "12yZ", 36, 50507, -1, 0); break;
1202                 CASE_TEST(strtol_cutoff);           EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "1234567890", 8, 342391, 7, 0); break;
1203                 CASE_TEST(strtol_octal_auto);       EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "011", 0, 9, -1, 0); break;
1204                 CASE_TEST(strtol_hex_00);           EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "0x00", 16, 0, -1, 0); break;
1205                 CASE_TEST(strtol_hex_FF);           EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "FF", 16, 255, -1, 0); break;
1206                 CASE_TEST(strtol_hex_ff);           EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "ff", 16, 255, -1, 0); break;
1207                 CASE_TEST(strtol_hex_prefix);       EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "0xFF", 16, 255, -1, 0); break;
1208                 CASE_TEST(strtol_trailer);          EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "35foo", 10, 35, 2, 0); break;
1209                 CASE_TEST(strtol_overflow);         EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "0x8000000000000000", 16, LONG_MAX, -1, ERANGE); break;
1210                 CASE_TEST(strtol_underflow);        EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtol, "-0x8000000000000001", 16, LONG_MIN, -1, ERANGE); break;
1211                 CASE_TEST(strtoul_negative);        EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtoul, "-0x1", 16, ULONG_MAX, 4, 0); break;
1212                 CASE_TEST(strtoul_overflow);        EXPECT_STRTOX(1, strtoul, "0x10000000000000000", 16, ULONG_MAX, -1, ERANGE); break;
1213                 CASE_TEST(strerror_success);        EXPECT_STREQ(is_nolibc, strerror(0), "errno=0"); break;
1214                 CASE_TEST(strerror_EINVAL);         EXPECT_STREQ(is_nolibc, strerror(EINVAL), "errno=22"); break;
1215                 CASE_TEST(strerror_int_max);        EXPECT_STREQ(is_nolibc, strerror(INT_MAX), "errno=2147483647"); break;
1216                 CASE_TEST(strerror_int_min);        EXPECT_STREQ(is_nolibc, strerror(INT_MIN), "errno=-2147483648"); break;
1217 
1218                 case __LINE__:
1219                         return ret; /* must be last */
1220                 /* note: do not set any defaults so as to permit holes above */
1221                 }
1222         }
1223         return ret;
1224 }
1225 
1226 #define EXPECT_VFPRINTF(c, expected, fmt, ...)                          \
1227         ret += expect_vfprintf(llen, c, expected, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
1228 
1229 static int expect_vfprintf(int llen, int c, const char *expected, const char *fmt, ...)
1230 {
1231         int ret, fd;
1232         ssize_t w, r;
1233         char buf[100];
1234         FILE *memfile;
1235         va_list args;
1236 
1237         fd = open("/tmp", O_TMPFILE | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, 0600);
1238         if (fd == -1) {
1239                 result(llen, SKIPPED);
1240                 return 0;
1241         }
1242 
1243         memfile = fdopen(fd, "w+");
1244         if (!memfile) {
1245                 result(llen, FAIL);
1246                 return 1;
1247         }
1248 
1249         va_start(args, fmt);
1250         w = vfprintf(memfile, fmt, args);
1251         va_end(args);
1252 
1253         if (w != c) {
1254                 llen += printf(" written(%d) != %d", (int)w, c);
1255                 result(llen, FAIL);
1256                 return 1;
1257         }
1258 
1259         fflush(memfile);
1260         lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
1261 
1262         r = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
1263 
1264         fclose(memfile);
1265 
1266         if (r != w) {
1267                 llen += printf(" written(%d) != read(%d)", (int)w, (int)r);
1268                 result(llen, FAIL);
1269                 return 1;
1270         }
1271 
1272         buf[r] = '\0';
1273         llen += printf(" \"%s\" = \"%s\"", expected, buf);
1274         ret = strncmp(expected, buf, c);
1275 
1276         result(llen, ret ? FAIL : OK);
1277         return ret;
1278 }
1279 
1280 static int run_vfprintf(int min, int max)
1281 {
1282         int test;
1283         int ret = 0;
1284 
1285         for (test = min; test >= 0 && test <= max; test++) {
1286                 int llen = 0; /* line length */
1287 
1288                 /* avoid leaving empty lines below, this will insert holes into
1289                  * test numbers.
1290                  */
1291                 switch (test + __LINE__ + 1) {
1292                 CASE_TEST(empty);        EXPECT_VFPRINTF(0, "", ""); break;
1293                 CASE_TEST(simple);       EXPECT_VFPRINTF(3, "foo", "foo"); break;
1294                 CASE_TEST(string);       EXPECT_VFPRINTF(3, "foo", "%s", "foo"); break;
1295                 CASE_TEST(number);       EXPECT_VFPRINTF(4, "1234", "%d", 1234); break;
1296                 CASE_TEST(negnumber);    EXPECT_VFPRINTF(5, "-1234", "%d", -1234); break;
1297                 CASE_TEST(unsigned);     EXPECT_VFPRINTF(5, "12345", "%u", 12345); break;
1298                 CASE_TEST(char);         EXPECT_VFPRINTF(1, "c", "%c", 'c'); break;
1299                 CASE_TEST(hex);          EXPECT_VFPRINTF(1, "f", "%x", 0xf); break;
1300                 CASE_TEST(pointer);      EXPECT_VFPRINTF(3, "0x1", "%p", (void *) 0x1); break;
1301                 case __LINE__:
1302                         return ret; /* must be last */
1303                 /* note: do not set any defaults so as to permit holes above */
1304                 }
1305         }
1306         return ret;
1307 }
1308 
1309 static int smash_stack(void)
1310 {
1311         char buf[100];
1312         volatile char *ptr = buf;
1313         size_t i;
1314 
1315         for (i = 0; i < 200; i++)
1316                 ptr[i] = 'P';
1317 
1318         return 1;
1319 }
1320 
1321 static int run_protection(int min __attribute__((unused)),
1322                           int max __attribute__((unused)))
1323 {
1324         pid_t pid;
1325         int llen = 0, status;
1326         struct rlimit rlimit = { 0, 0 };
1327 
1328         llen += printf("0 -fstackprotector ");
1329 
1330 #if !defined(_NOLIBC_STACKPROTECTOR)
1331         llen += printf("not supported");
1332         result(llen, SKIPPED);
1333         return 0;
1334 #endif
1335 
1336 #if defined(_NOLIBC_STACKPROTECTOR)
1337         if (!__stack_chk_guard) {
1338                 llen += printf("__stack_chk_guard not initialized");
1339                 result(llen, FAIL);
1340                 return 1;
1341         }
1342 #endif
1343 
1344         pid = -1;
1345         pid = fork();
1346 
1347         switch (pid) {
1348         case -1:
1349                 llen += printf("fork()");
1350                 result(llen, FAIL);
1351                 return 1;
1352 
1353         case 0:
1354                 close(STDOUT_FILENO);
1355                 close(STDERR_FILENO);
1356 
1357                 prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0);
1358                 setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rlimit);
1359                 smash_stack();
1360                 return 1;
1361 
1362         default:
1363                 pid = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
1364 
1365                 if (pid == -1 || !WIFSIGNALED(status) || WTERMSIG(status) != SIGABRT) {
1366                         llen += printf("waitpid()");
1367                         result(llen, FAIL);
1368                         return 1;
1369                 }
1370                 result(llen, OK);
1371                 return 0;
1372         }
1373 }
1374 
1375 /* prepare what needs to be prepared for pid 1 (stdio, /dev, /proc, etc) */
1376 int prepare(void)
1377 {
1378         struct stat stat_buf;
1379 
1380         /* It's possible that /dev doesn't even exist or was not mounted, so
1381          * we'll try to create it, mount it, or create minimal entries into it.
1382          * We want at least /dev/null and /dev/console.
1383          */
1384         if (stat("/dev/.", &stat_buf) == 0 || mkdir("/dev", 0755) == 0) {
1385                 if (stat("/dev/console", &stat_buf) != 0 ||
1386                     stat("/dev/null", &stat_buf) != 0 ||
1387                     stat("/dev/zero", &stat_buf) != 0) {
1388                         /* try devtmpfs first, otherwise fall back to manual creation */
1389                         if (mount("/dev", "/dev", "devtmpfs", 0, 0) != 0) {
1390                                 mknod("/dev/console", 0600 | S_IFCHR, makedev(5, 1));
1391                                 mknod("/dev/null",    0666 | S_IFCHR, makedev(1, 3));
1392                                 mknod("/dev/zero",    0666 | S_IFCHR, makedev(1, 5));
1393                         }
1394                 }
1395         }
1396 
1397         /* If no /dev/console was found before calling init, stdio is closed so
1398          * we need to reopen it from /dev/console. If it failed above, it will
1399          * still fail here and we cannot emit a message anyway.
1400          */
1401         if (close(dup(1)) == -1) {
1402                 int fd = open("/dev/console", O_RDWR);
1403 
1404                 if (fd >= 0) {
1405                         if (fd != 0)
1406                                 dup2(fd, 0);
1407                         if (fd != 1)
1408                                 dup2(fd, 1);
1409                         if (fd != 2)
1410                                 dup2(fd, 2);
1411                         if (fd > 2)
1412                                 close(fd);
1413                         puts("\nSuccessfully reopened /dev/console.");
1414                 }
1415         }
1416 
1417         /* try to mount /proc if not mounted. Silently fail otherwise */
1418         if (stat("/proc/.", &stat_buf) == 0 || mkdir("/proc", 0755) == 0) {
1419                 if (stat("/proc/self", &stat_buf) != 0) {
1420                         /* If not mountable, remove /proc completely to avoid misuse */
1421                         if (mount("none", "/proc", "proc", 0, 0) != 0)
1422                                 rmdir("/proc");
1423                 }
1424         }
1425 
1426         /* some tests rely on a writable /tmp */
1427         mkdir("/tmp", 0755);
1428 
1429         return 0;
1430 }
1431 
1432 /* This is the definition of known test names, with their functions */
1433 static const struct test test_names[] = {
1434         /* add new tests here */
1435         { .name = "startup",    .func = run_startup    },
1436         { .name = "syscall",    .func = run_syscall    },
1437         { .name = "stdlib",     .func = run_stdlib     },
1438         { .name = "vfprintf",   .func = run_vfprintf   },
1439         { .name = "protection", .func = run_protection },
1440         { 0 }
1441 };
1442 
1443 static int is_setting_valid(char *test)
1444 {
1445         int idx, len, test_len, valid = 0;
1446         char delimiter;
1447 
1448         if (!test)
1449                 return valid;
1450 
1451         test_len = strlen(test);
1452 
1453         for (idx = 0; test_names[idx].name; idx++) {
1454                 len = strlen(test_names[idx].name);
1455                 if (test_len < len)
1456                         continue;
1457 
1458                 if (strncmp(test, test_names[idx].name, len) != 0)
1459                         continue;
1460 
1461                 delimiter = test[len];
1462                 if (delimiter != ':' && delimiter != ',' && delimiter != '\0')
1463                         continue;
1464 
1465                 valid = 1;
1466                 break;
1467         }
1468 
1469         return valid;
1470 }
1471 
1472 int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
1473 {
1474         int min = 0;
1475         int max = INT_MAX;
1476         int ret = 0;
1477         int err;
1478         int idx;
1479         char *test;
1480 
1481         argv0 = argv[0];
1482         test_argc = argc;
1483         test_argv = argv;
1484         test_envp = envp;
1485 
1486         /* when called as init, it's possible that no console was opened, for
1487          * example if no /dev file system was provided. We'll check that fd#1
1488          * was opened, and if not we'll attempt to create and open /dev/console
1489          * and /dev/null that we'll use for later tests.
1490          */
1491         if (getpid() == 1)
1492                 prepare();
1493 
1494         /* the definition of a series of tests comes from either argv[1] or the
1495          * "NOLIBC_TEST" environment variable. It's made of a comma-delimited
1496          * series of test names and optional ranges:
1497          *    syscall:5-15[:.*],stdlib:8-10
1498          */
1499         test = argv[1];
1500         if (!is_setting_valid(test))
1501                 test = getenv("NOLIBC_TEST");
1502 
1503         if (is_setting_valid(test)) {
1504                 char *comma, *colon, *dash, *value;
1505 
1506                 do {
1507                         comma = strchr(test, ',');
1508                         if (comma)
1509                                 *(comma++) = '\0';
1510 
1511                         colon = strchr(test, ':');
1512                         if (colon)
1513                                 *(colon++) = '\0';
1514 
1515                         for (idx = 0; test_names[idx].name; idx++) {
1516                                 if (strcmp(test, test_names[idx].name) == 0)
1517                                         break;
1518                         }
1519 
1520                         if (test_names[idx].name) {
1521                                 /* The test was named, it will be called at least
1522                                  * once. We may have an optional range at <colon>
1523                                  * here, which defaults to the full range.
1524                                  */
1525                                 do {
1526                                         min = 0; max = INT_MAX;
1527                                         value = colon;
1528                                         if (value && *value) {
1529                                                 colon = strchr(value, ':');
1530                                                 if (colon)
1531                                                         *(colon++) = '\0';
1532 
1533                                                 dash = strchr(value, '-');
1534                                                 if (dash)
1535                                                         *(dash++) = '\0';
1536 
1537                                                 /* support :val: :min-max: :min-: :-max: */
1538                                                 if (*value)
1539                                                         min = atoi(value);
1540                                                 if (!dash)
1541                                                         max = min;
1542                                                 else if (*dash)
1543                                                         max = atoi(dash);
1544 
1545                                                 value = colon;
1546                                         }
1547 
1548                                         /* now's time to call the test */
1549                                         printf("Running test '%s'\n", test_names[idx].name);
1550                                         err = test_names[idx].func(min, max);
1551                                         ret += err;
1552                                         printf("Errors during this test: %d\n\n", err);
1553                                 } while (colon && *colon);
1554                         } else
1555                                 printf("Ignoring unknown test name '%s'\n", test);
1556 
1557                         test = comma;
1558                 } while (test && *test);
1559         } else {
1560                 /* no test mentioned, run everything */
1561                 for (idx = 0; test_names[idx].name; idx++) {
1562                         printf("Running test '%s'\n", test_names[idx].name);
1563                         err = test_names[idx].func(min, max);
1564                         ret += err;
1565                         printf("Errors during this test: %d\n\n", err);
1566                 }
1567         }
1568 
1569         printf("Total number of errors: %d\n", ret);
1570 
1571         if (getpid() == 1) {
1572                 /* we're running as init, there's no other process on the
1573                  * system, thus likely started from a VM for a quick check.
1574                  * Exiting will provoke a kernel panic that may be reported
1575                  * as an error by Qemu or the hypervisor, while stopping
1576                  * cleanly will often be reported as a success. This allows
1577                  * to use the output of this program for bisecting kernels.
1578                  */
1579                 printf("Leaving init with final status: %d\n", !!ret);
1580                 if (ret == 0)
1581                         reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
1582 #if defined(__x86_64__)
1583                 /* QEMU started with "-device isa-debug-exit -no-reboot" will
1584                  * exit with status code 2N+1 when N is written to 0x501. We
1585                  * hard-code the syscall here as it's arch-dependent.
1586                  */
1587                 else if (syscall(__NR_ioperm, 0x501, 1, 1) == 0)
1588                         __asm__ volatile ("outb %%al, %%dx" :: "d"(0x501), "a"(0));
1589                 /* if it does nothing, fall back to the regular panic */
1590 #endif
1591         }
1592 
1593         printf("Exiting with status %d\n", !!ret);
1594         return !!ret;
1595 }
1596 

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